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Makki A, Kereïche S, Le T, Kučerová J, Rada P, Žárský V, Hrdý I, Tachezy J. A hybrid TIM complex mediates protein import into hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis. BMC Biol 2024; 22:130. [PMID: 38825681 PMCID: PMC11145794 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogenosomes are a specific type of mitochondria that have adapted for life under anaerobiosis. Limited availability of oxygen has resulted in the loss of the membrane-associated respiratory chain, and consequently in the generation of minimal inner membrane potential (Δψ), and inefficient ATP synthesis via substrate-level phosphorylation. The changes in energy metabolism are directly linked with the organelle biogenesis. In mitochondria, proteins are imported across the outer membrane via the Translocase of the Outer Membrane (TOM complex), while two Translocases of the Inner Membrane, TIM22, and TIM23, facilitate import to the inner membrane and matrix. TIM23-mediated steps are entirely dependent on Δψ and ATP hydrolysis, while TIM22 requires only Δψ. The character of the hydrogenosomal inner membrane translocase and the mechanism of translocation is currently unknown. RESULTS We report unprecedented modification of TIM in hydrogenosomes of the human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis (TvTIM). We show that the import of the presequence-containing protein into the hydrogenosomal matrix is mediated by the hybrid TIM22-TIM23 complex that includes three highly divergent core components, TvTim22, TvTim23, and TvTim17-like proteins. The hybrid character of the TvTIM is underlined by the presence of both TvTim22 and TvTim17/23, association with small Tim chaperones (Tim9-10), which in mitochondria are known to facilitate the transfer of substrates to the TIM22 complex, and the coupling with TIM23-specific ATP-dependent presequence translocase-associated motor (PAM). Interactome reconstruction based on co-immunoprecipitation (coIP) and mass spectrometry revealed that hybrid TvTIM is formed with the compositional variations of paralogs. Single-particle electron microscopy for the 132-kDa purified TvTIM revealed the presence of a single ring of small Tims complex, while mitochondrial TIM22 complex bears twin small Tims hexamer. TvTIM is currently the only TIM visualized outside of Opisthokonta, which raised the question of which form is prevailing across eukaryotes. The tight association of the hybrid TvTIM with ADP/ATP carriers (AAC) suggests that AAC may directly supply ATP for the protein import since ATP synthesis is limited in hydrogenosomes. CONCLUSIONS The hybrid TvTIM in hydrogenosomes represents an original structural solution that evolved for protein import when Δψ is negligible and remarkable example of evolutionary adaptation to an anaerobic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijith Makki
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Present address: Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sami Kereïche
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 12800, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tien Le
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kučerová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Rada
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Žárský
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hrdý
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Zoratti M, Biasutto L, Parrasia S, Szabo I. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore: a snapshot of a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:1-3. [PMID: 38235549 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2306337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Padova Unit, Padova, Italy
- Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Padova Unit, Padova, Italy
- Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ildikó Szabo
- Department Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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