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Jurasz M, Boraczyński M, Laskin JJ, Kamelska-Sadowska AM, Podstawski R, Jaszczur-Nowicki J, Nowakowski JJ, Gronek P. Acute Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Responses to Incremental Cycling Exercise in Endurance- and Strength-Trained Athletes. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050643. [PMID: 35625371 PMCID: PMC9138148 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a progressive submaximal cycling exercise on selected cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables in endurance and strength trained athletes. The sample comprised 32 participants aged 22.0 ± 0.54 years who were assigned into three groups: an endurance trained group (END, triathletes, n = 10), a strength trained group (STR, bodybuilders, n = 10), and a control group (CON, recreationally active students, n = 12). The incremental cycling exercise was performed using a progressive protocol starting with a 3 min resting measurement and then a 50 W workload with subsequent constant increments of 50 W every 3 min until 200 W. The following cardiometabolic variables were evaluated: heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and blood lactate (BLa−). We found the between-group differences in metabolic variables (the average RER and BLa−) were statistically significant (Tukey’s HSD test: CON vs. STR, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively; CON vs. END, p < 0.001; END vs. STR, p < 0.001). RER and BLa− differences in all groups depended on the workload level (G-G-epsilon = 0.438; p < 0.004 and G-G-epsilon = 0.400; p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in cardiorespiratory variables between endurance- and strength-trained groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that acute cardiorespiratory responses at each of the four submaximal workloads were comparable in endurance- compared to strength-trained athletes, but significantly different compared to recreationally active men. However, there were significant differences in the metabolic responses of RER and BLa−. Based on our findings we recommend that endurance-trained athletes follow a concurrent training program, combined strength and endurance training, to improve neuromuscular parameters and thus optimize their economy of movement and endurance-specific muscle power capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jurasz
- Department of Sport Medicine and Traumatology, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Michał Boraczyński
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-533-101-720
| | - James J. Laskin
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;
| | - Anna M. Kamelska-Sadowska
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 11-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, Provincial Specialist Children’s Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert Podstawski
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland; (R.P.); (J.J.-N.)
| | - Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland; (R.P.); (J.J.-N.)
| | - Jacek J. Nowakowski
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Piotr Gronek
- Laboratory of Healthy Aging, Department of Dance, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
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Julian V, Thivel D, Costes F, Touron J, Boirie Y, Pereira B, Perrault H, Duclos M, Richard R. Eccentric Training Improves Body Composition by Inducing Mechanical and Metabolic Adaptations: A Promising Approach for Overweight and Obese Individuals. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1013. [PMID: 30131705 PMCID: PMC6090036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle generates force by either shortening (concentrically) or lengthening (eccentrically). Eccentric (ECC) exercise is characterized by a lower metabolic demand and requires less muscle activity than concentric (CON) exercise at the same level of exerted force. However, the specific effect of ECC training vs. CON training on lean and fat mass remains underexplored. The first aim of this paper was to review the available evidence regarding the effects of ECC training on whole body and segmental lean and fat mass and, when possible, compare these with the effects of CON training. The second aim was to provide some insights into the main mechanical, physiological, and metabolic adaptations of ECC training that contribute to its effects on body composition. The third aim was to determine the beneficial effects of ECC exercise on health-related parameters in overweight and obese patients. ECC training is an effective modality to improve lean mass, but when matched for load or work, the difference between ECC and CON trainings seems unclear. A few studies reported that ECC training is also efficient at reducing fat mass. By increasing post-exercise resting energy expenditure, modifying metabolic substrate, and improving both blood lipid profile and insulin resistance, ECC training is a potential exercise modality for individuals with chronic conditions such as those who are overweight and obese. Further investigations using standardized experimental conditions, examining not only segmental but also whole body composition, are required to compare ECC and CON trainings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Julian
- Service de Médecine du Sport et Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratoire AME2P, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Service de Médecine du Sport et Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julianne Touron
- INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Service de Nutrition Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Service de Biostatistique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Perrault
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martine Duclos
- Service de Médecine du Sport et Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ruddy Richard
- Service de Médecine du Sport et Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, INRA, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Isacco L, Ritter O, Tordi N, Laroche D, Degano B, Bouhaddi M, Rakobowchuk M, Mourot L. Similar substrate oxidation rates in concentric and eccentric cycling matched for aerobic power output. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1204-1207. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated substrate oxidation in concentric and eccentric cycling matched for aerobic power output in the postprandial state. Energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio, and fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were measured at rest and after 15, 30, and 45 min of eccentric and concentric cycling in 12 men. Absolute and relative aerobic power output and energy expenditure were similar during concentric and eccentric exercise. No effect of exercise modality was observed for substrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Isacco
- EA 3920 and Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, Franche-Comté University, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Ophélie Ritter
- EA 4267 and Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, Franche-Comté University, 25000 Besançon, France
- Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Centre of Franche-Comté, 25770 Franois, France
| | - Nicolas Tordi
- EA 4267 and Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, Franche-Comté University, 25000 Besançon, France
- Inserm CIC-CIT 808, Regional University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Davy Laroche
- Inserm CIC-P 803, Technologic Investigation Platform, University Hospital of Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Degano
- EA 3920 and Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, Franche-Comté University, 25000 Besançon, France
- Physiology–Functional Explorations, Regional University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Malika Bouhaddi
- EA 3920 and Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, Franche-Comté University, 25000 Besançon, France
- Physiology–Functional Explorations, Regional University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Mark Rakobowchuk
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Laurent Mourot
- EA 3920 and Exercise Performance Health Innovation Platform, Franche-Comté University, 25000 Besançon, France
- Inserm CIC-CIT 808, Regional University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
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