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Stando K, Wilk J, Jakóbik-Kolon A, Felis E, Bajkacz S. Application of UHPLC-MS/MS method to monitor the occurrence of sulfonamides and their transformation products in soil in Silesia, Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112922-112942. [PMID: 37843710 PMCID: PMC10643288 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides circulating in the environment lead to disturbances in food chains and local ecosystems, but most importantly contribute to development of resistance genes, which generate problems with multidrug-resistant bacterial infections treatment. In urban areas, sources of sulfonamide distribution in soils have received comparatively less attention in contrast to rural regions, where animal-derived manure, used as a natural fertilizer, is considered the main source. The aim of this study was to determine eight sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole, and sulfisoxazole) in environmental soil samples collected from urbanized regions in Silesian Voivodeship with increased animal activity. These soils were grouped according to the organic carbon content. It was necessary to develop versatile and efficient extraction and determination method to analyze selected sulfonamides in various soil types. The developed LC-MS/MS method for sulfonamides analyzing was validated. The obtained recoveries exceeded 45% for soil with medium organic carbon content and 88% for sample with a very low organic carbon content (arenaceous quartz). The obtained results show the high impact of organic matter on analytes adsorption in soil, which influences recovery. All eight sulfa drugs were determined in environmental samples in the concentration range 1.5-10.5 ng g-1. The transformation products of the analytes were also identified, and 29 transformation products were detected in 24 out of 27 extracts from soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Stando
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Wilk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agata Jakóbik-Kolon
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Felis
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8 Str, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
- Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 Str, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8 Str, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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Stando K, Czyż A, Gajda M, Felis E, Bajkacz S. Study of the Phytoextraction and Phytodegradation of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim from Water by Limnobium laevigatum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16994. [PMID: 36554877 PMCID: PMC9779370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly and economical method for removing organic contaminants from water. The purpose of the present study was to use Limnobium laevigatum for the phytoremediation of water from sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TRI) residues. The experiment was conducted for 14 days, in which the loss of the pharmaceuticals in water and their concentration in plant tissues was monitored. Determination of SMX and TRI was conducted using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that various factors affected the removal of the contaminants from water, and their bioaccumulation coefficients were obtained. Additionally, the transformation products of SMX and TRI were identified. The observed decrease in SMX and TRI content after 14 days was 96.0% and 75.4% in water, respectively. SMX removal mainly involved photolysis and hydrolysis processes, whereas TRI was mostly absorbed by the plant. Bioaccumulation coefficients of the freeze-dried plant were in the range of 0.043-0.147 for SMX and 2.369-2.588 for TRI. Nine and six transformation products related to SMX and TRI, respectively, were identified in water and plant tissues. The detected transformation products stemmed from metabolic transformations and photolysis of the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Stando
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czyż
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gajda
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Felis
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Gao Y, Cong S, Yu H, Zou D. Investigation on microwave absorbing properties of 3D C@ZnCo2O4 as a highly active heterogenous catalyst and the degradation of ciprofloxacin by activated persulfate process. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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