1
|
Zhan L, Lin Z, Li W, Qin Y, Sun Q, Ji N, Xie F. The Construction of Sodium Alginate/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Microcapsules as the Physical Barrier to Reduce Corn Starch Digestion. Foods 2024; 13:1355. [PMID: 38731726 PMCID: PMC11083366 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To enhance the resistant starch (RS) content of corn starch, in this work, carboxymethyl chitosan/corn starch/sodium alginate microcapsules (CMCS/CS/SA) with varying concentrations of SA in a citric acid (CA) solution were designed. As the SA concentration increased from 0.5% to 2%, the swelling of the CMCS/CS/SA microcapsule decreased from 15.28 ± 0.21 g/g to 3.76 ± 0.66 g/g at 95 °C. Comparatively, the onset, peak, and conclusion temperatures (To, Tp, and Tc) of CMCS/CS/SA microcapsules were higher than those of unencapsulated CS, indicating that the dense network structure of microcapsules reduced the contact area between starch granules and water, thereby improving thermal stability. With increasing SA concentration, the intact and dense network of CMCS/CS/SA microcapsules remained less damaged after 120 min of digestion, suggesting that the microcapsules with a high SA concentration provided better protection to starch, thereby reducing amylase digestibility. Moreover, as the SA concentration increased from 0.5% to 2%, the RS content of the microcapsules during in vitro digestion rose from 42.37 ± 0.07% to 57.65 ± 0.45%, attributed to the blocking effect of the microcapsule shell on amylase activity. This study offers innovative insights and strategies to develop functional starch with glycemic control properties, holding significant scientific and practical value in preventing diseases associated with abnormal glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Weixian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yang Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Na Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (Q.S.)
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fengwei Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qin K, Zhang R, Qin W, Ji N, Qin Y, Dai L, Xiong L, Sun Q. Construction and In Vitro Digestibility of Recrystallized Starch Encapsulated in Calcium Alginate Beads. Foods 2023; 12:2379. [PMID: 37372592 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce the digestion rate of starch in human body and improve the content of slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS), millimeter calcium alginate beads encapsulated with different proportions of recrystallized starch were constructed in this study. First, we prepared recrystallized starch (RS3) by debranching waxy corn starch and retrogradation, and then encapsulated RS3 in calcium alginate beads by the ionic gel method. The microstructure of the beads was observed by scanning electron microscope, and the gel texture properties, swelling properties, and in vitro digestibility of the beads were studied. The results showed that the beads after cooking still maintained high hardness and chewiness, and the swelling power and solubility of the beads were lower than that of native starch. Compared with native starch, the content of rapidly digestible starch (RDS) in beads decreased, while the content of SDS and RS increased. The sample with the highest content of RS is RS31@Alginate1, whose content of RS is 70.10%, 52.11 times higher than that of waxy corn starch and 1.75 times higher than that of RS3. RS3 encapsulated in calcium alginate beads has a good encapsulation effect, and the content of SDS and RS is greatly increased. This study has important implications for reducing the digestion rate of starch and regulating the health of people with diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Rongyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Weili Qin
- Medical College, Shandong Xiehe University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Na Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yang Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lei Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Liu Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Orellana-Palma P, Macias-Bu L, Carvajal-Mena N, Petzold G, Guerra-Valle M. Encapsulation of Concentrated Solution Obtained by Block Freeze Concentration in Calcium Alginate and Corn Starch Calcium Alginate Hydrogel Beads. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050374. [PMID: 37232964 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A model (sucrose and gallic acid) solution was concentrated by block freeze concentration (BFC) at three centrifugation cycles, and the solutions were encapsulated in calcium alginate and corn starch calcium alginate hydrogel beads. Static and dynamic tests determined the rheological behavior, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) established thermal and structural properties, and the release kinetics was evaluated under in vitro simulated digestion experiment. The highest efficiency encapsulation value was close to 96%. As the concentrated solution increased in terms of solutes and gallic acid, the solutions were fitted to the Herschel-Bulkley model. Moreover, from the second cycle, the solutions exhibited the highest values of storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″), contributing to form a more stable encapsulation. The FTIR and DSC results demonstrated strong interactions between corn starch and alginate, establishing a good compatibility and stability in the bead formation. The kinetic release model under in vitro conditions was fitted to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, demonstrating the significant stability of the model solutions inside the beads. Therefore, the present study proposes a clear and precise definition for the elaboration of liquid foods obtained by BFC and its incorporation inside an edible material that facilitates the controlled release in specific sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Orellana-Palma
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Andrés Bello, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1720010, Chile
| | - Loren Macias-Bu
- Facultad de Ciencias Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Agricultura, Catacamas 16201, Honduras
| | - Nailín Carvajal-Mena
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Campus Fernando May, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Av. Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Guillermo Petzold
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Campus Fernando May, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Av. Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Maria Guerra-Valle
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Campus Concepción, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Calcium alginate/curdlan/corn starch@calcium alginate macrocapsules for slowly digestible and resistant starch. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
5
|
Characterization and in vitro digestibility of potato starch encapsulated in calcium alginate beads. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
6
|
Optimization of Encapsulation by Ionic Gelation Technique of Cryoconcentrated Solution: A Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Physicochemical Characteristics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051031. [PMID: 35267855 PMCID: PMC8914933 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal conditions to encapsulate cryoconcentrate solutions via ionic gelation technique. Hydrogel beads were prepared using alginate (1%, 2% and 3% (w/w)) and cornstarch (0.5%, 1% and 2% (w/w)). Later, a sucrose/acid gallic solution was concentrated through block freeze concentration (BFC) at three cycles. Thus, each solution was a mixture with the respective combination of alginate/cornstarch. The final solution was added drop-wise on a CaCl2 solution, allowing the formation of calcium alginate-cornstarch hydrogel beads filled with sucrose/acid gallic solution or cryoconcentrated solution. The results showed that alginate at 2% (w/w) and cornstarch at 2% (w/w) had the best efficiency to encapsulate any solution, with values close to 63.3%, 90.2%, 97.7%, and 75.1%, and particle sizes of approximately 3.09, 2.82, 2.73, and 2.64 mm, for initial solution, cycle 1, cycle 2, and cycle 3, respectively. Moreover, all the samples presented spherical shape. Therefore, the appropriate content of alginate and cornstarch allows for increasing the amount of model cryoconcentrated solution inside of the hydrogel beads. Furthermore, the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of hydrogel beads can be focused for future food and/or pharmaceutical applications, utilizing juice or extract concentrated by BFC as the solution encapsulated.
Collapse
|
7
|
Palanisamy CP, Cui B, Zhang H, Jayaraman S, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G. A Comprehensive Review on Corn Starch-Based Nanomaterials: Properties, Simulations, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092161. [PMID: 32971849 PMCID: PMC7570270 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the major food crops, and it is considered to be a very distinctive plant, since it is able to produce a large amount of the natural polymer of starch through its capacity to utilize large amounts of sunlight. Corn starch is used in a wide range of products and applications. In recent years, the use of nanotechnology for applications in the food industry has become more apparent; it has been used for protecting against biological and chemical deterioration, increasing bioavailability, and enhancing physical properties, among other functions. However, the high cost of nanotechnology can make it difficult for its application on a commercial scale. As a biodegradable natural polymer, corn starch is a great alternative for the production of nanomaterials. Therefore, the search for alternative materials to be used in nanotechnology has been studied. This review has discussed in detail the properties, simulations, and wide range of applications of corn starch-based nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (C.P.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (C.P.P.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-60811718
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (C.P.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India;
| | - Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|