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Electrophysiologic Effects of Growth Hormone Post-Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030918. [PMID: 32019245 PMCID: PMC7037853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction remains a major health-related problem with significant acute and long-term consequences. Acute coronary occlusion results in marked electrophysiologic alterations that can induce ventricular tachyarrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, often heralding sudden cardiac death. During the infarct-healing stage, hemodynamic and structural changes can lead to left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction, whereas the accompanying fibrosis forms the substrate for re-entrant circuits that can sustain ventricular tachyarrhythmias. A substantial proportion of such patients present clinically with overt heart failure, a common disease-entity associated with high morbidity and mortality. Several lines of evidence point toward a key role of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in the pathophysiology of post-infarction structural and electrophysiologic remodeling. Based on this rationale, experimental studies in animal models have demonstrated attenuated dilatation and improved systolic function after growth hormone administration. In addition to ameliorating wall-stress and preserving the peri-infarct myocardium, antiarrhythmic actions were also evident after such treatment, but the precise underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present article summarizes the acute and chronic actions of systemic and local growth hormone administration in the post-infarction setting, placing emphasis on the electrophysiologic effects. Experimental and clinical data are reviewed, and hypotheses on potential mechanisms of action are discussed. Such information may prove useful in formulating new research questions and designing new studies that are expected to increase the translational value of growth hormone therapy after acute myocardial infarction.
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Lekkas P, Georgiou ES, Kontonika M, Mouchtouri ET, Mourouzis I, Pantos C, Kolettis TM. Intracerebroventricular endothelin receptor-A blockade in rats decreases phase-II ventricular tachyarrhythmias during acute myocardial infarction. Physiol Res 2019; 68:867-871. [PMID: 31424250 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin alters central sympathetic responses, but the resultant effects on arrhythmogenesis are unknown. We examined ventricular tachyarrhythmias after endothelin receptor-A blockade in the brain of Wistar rats with acute myocardial infarction. For this aim, BQ-123 (n=6) or phosphate-buffered saline (n=6) were injected intracerebroventricularly. After 10 min, the left coronary artery was ligated, followed by implantation of telemetry transmitters. Electrocardiography and voluntary activity (as a surrogate of acute left ventricular failure) were continuously monitored for 24 h. Infarct-size was similar in the two groups. There were fewer episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmias of shorter average duration in treated rats, leading to markedly shorter total duration (12.3+/-8.9 s), when compared to controls (546.2+/-130.3 s). Voluntary activity increased in treated rats during the last hours of recording, but bradyarrhythmic episodes were comparable between the two groups. Endothelin receptor-A blockade in the brain of rats decreases the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias post-ligation, without affecting bradyarrhythmic episodes. These findings call for further research on the pathophysiologic role of endothelin during acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lekkas
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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Bellut H, Guillemet L, Bougouin W, Charpentier J, Ben Hadj Salem O, Llitjos JF, Paul M, Valade S, Spagnolo S, Lamhaut L, Chiche JD, Marijon E, Pène F, Varenne O, Mira JP, Dumas F, Cariou A. Early recurrent arrhythmias after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest associated with obstructive coronary artery disease: Analysis of the PROCAT registry. Resuscitation 2019; 141:81-87. [PMID: 31185259 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) associated with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), the risk of recurrence during the early period is unclear and the indication for anti-arrhythmic treatment is debated. We assessed the incidence and predisposing factors for severe cardiac arrhythmias in this population. DESIGN Retrospective study in a cardiac arrest center. SETTINGS The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major cardiac arrhythmias from hospital admission to intensive care unit (ICU) discharge in patients admitted after an OHCA associated with obstructive CAD. A major arrhythmia was defined as any arrhythmic event (auricular or ventricular) associated with cardiac arrest recurrence and/or severe arterial hypotension. Secondary outcomes were time from ICU admission to arrhythmia occurrence and all-cause in-ICU mortality. Risk factors for recurrence of a major arrhythmia were assessed using multivariate analysis. PATIENTS We included all consecutive OHCA patients resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) as initial rhythm associated with obstructive CAD, and who had a successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention. INTERVENTION None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among 256 patients, a major arrhythmia occurred in 29 (11.3%), within the first 24 h in 79.3% of cases and were mostly VF (44.8%). Mortality rate was significantly increased in patients with major arrhythmia recurrence (69% vs 41%; p = 0.006). Factor significantly associated with recurrence of severe arrhythmia was male gender (OR 0.32 [0.12-0.92]; p = 0.034). Treatment with prophylactic anti-arrhythmic in the ICU was not associated with a change in the risk of recurrence (OR 0.85 [0.21-3.65], p = 0.82). CONCLUSION An early recurrence of major arrhythmia was observed in more than 10% of post-cardiac arrest patients. These events happened mostly within the first 24 h. The interest of prophylactic anti-arrhythmic treatment remains to be evaluated in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Bellut
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Lucie Guillemet
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France.
| | - Wulfran Bougouin
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France; INSERM U970 (team 4), Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France
| | | | - Omar Ben Hadj Salem
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Llitjos
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Marine Paul
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Valade
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Shirley Spagnolo
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Lionel Lamhaut
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France; SAMU 75, Necker Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; INSERM U970 (team 4), Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Chiche
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Eloi Marijon
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France; Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; INSERM U970 (team 4), Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Pène
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Varenne
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France; Cardiology Department, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; INSERM U970 (team 4), Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Mira
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France
| | - Florence Dumas
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France; Emergency Department, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; INSERM U970 (team 4), Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Alain Cariou
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP), Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Medical School, Paris, France; INSERM U970 (team 4), Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France
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Serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction prevents inflammation in iPSC-cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5651. [PMID: 30948775 PMCID: PMC6449343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) evokes a systemic inflammatory response and locally the degradation of the necrotic tissue, followed by scar formation. The mechanisms for containment of the infarct zone are not studied well. The study aimed to examine the response of healthy cardiomyocytes to serum of patients with myocardial infarction. Human iPSC-cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) generated from two healthy donors were incubated with serum of patients with MI with and without ventricular fibrillation (VF) or of healthy controls. Different cell adhesion molecules were studied by flow cytometry and immunostaining. Cellular electrophysiology was studied by patch clamp. The cell adhesion molecules CD54/ICAM-1, CD58/LFA-3 and CD321/JAM-A were expressed on iPSC-CM within the plasma membrane. Incubation with serum of MI patients reduced the levels of expression of CD54/ICAM-1 and CD321/JAM-A by 15–20%. VF serum was less effective than serum of MI patients without VF. MI serum or VF serum did not affect resting potential, action potential duration or maximum depolarization velocity. Myocardial infarction serum exerts anti-inflammatory effects on healthy cardiomyocytes without affecting their electrical activity, thus helping to contain the infarct zone and to protect healthy tissue. Ventricular fibrillation during MI drives healthy cardiomyocytes towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype.
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Gabriel-Costa D. The pathophysiology of myocardial infarction-induced heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:277-284. [PMID: 29685587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a multifactorial disorder and is usually the end stage of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD). HF presents one of the highest morbidity and mortality indices worldwide and high costs to public health organizations. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most prevalent CVD in the Western world and leads to HF when its management is inadequate. It has a destructive potential for heart cells and abruptly reduces the cardiac output, a clinical condition known as heart dysfunction that might progress to HF. Many acute and chronic adaptations occur due to MI that progress to HF, e.g., neurohumoral hyperactivity, inflammatory response and cardiac remodeling. Herein, we reviewed in simplistic manner the processes involved in setting of MI until the establishment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Gabriel-Costa
- Universidade da Força Aérea, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desempenho Humano Operacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
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Kolettis TM, Kontonika M, Barka E, Daskalopoulos EP, Baltogiannis GG, Tourmousoglou C, Papalois A, Kyriakides ZS. Central Sympathetic Activation and Arrhythmogenesis during Acute Myocardial Infarction: Modulating Effects of Endothelin-B Receptors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2015; 2:6. [PMID: 26664878 PMCID: PMC4671362 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2015.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic activation during acute myocardial infarction (MI) is an important arrhythmogenic mechanism, but the role of central autonomic inputs and their modulating factors remain unclear. Using the in vivo rat-model, we examined the effects of clonidine, a centrally acting sympatholytic agent, in the presence or absence of myocardial endothelin-B (ETB) receptors. We studied wild-type (n = 20) and ETB-deficient rats (n = 20) after permanent coronary ligation, with or without pretreatment with clonidine. Cardiac rhythm was continuously recorded for 24 h by implantable telemetry devices, coupled by the assessment of autonomic and heart failure indices. Sympathetic activation and arrhythmogenesis were more prominent in ETB-deficient rats during the early phase post-ligation. Clonidine improved these outcomes throughout the observation period in ETB-deficient rats, but only during the delayed phase in wild-type rats. However, this benefit was counterbalanced by atrioventricular conduction abnormalities and by higher incidence of heart failure, the latter particularly evident in ETB-deficient rats. Myocardial ETB-receptors attenuate the arrhythmogenic effects of central sympathetic activation during acute MI. ETB-receptor deficiency potentiates the sympatholytic effects of clonidine and aggravates heart failure. The interaction between endothelin and sympathetic responses during myocardial ischemia/infarction and its impact on arrhythmogenesis and left ventricular dysfunction merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleonora Barka
- Cardiovascular Research Institute , Ioannina and Athens , Greece
| | | | | | | | - Apostolos Papalois
- Cardiovascular Research Institute , Ioannina and Athens , Greece ; Experimental Research Center ELPEN , Athens , Greece
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