1
|
Huang Y, Wu Q, Li S, Lin X, Yang S, Zhu R, Fu C, Zhang Z. Harnessing nature's pharmacy: investigating natural compounds as novel therapeutics for ulcerative colitis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1394124. [PMID: 39206263 PMCID: PMC11349575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1394124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and UC diagnosis rates continue to rise throughout the globe. The research and development of new drugs for the treatment of UC are urgent, and natural compounds are an important source. However, there is a lack of systematic summarization of natural compounds and their mechanisms for the treatment of UC. Methods We reviewed the literature in the databases below from their inception until July 2023: Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data, to obtain information on the relationship between natural compounds and UC. Results The results showed that 279 natural compounds treat UC through four main mechanisms, including regulating gut microbiota and metabolites (Mechanism I), protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier (Mechanism II), regulating intestinal mucosal immune response (Mechanism III), as well as regulating other mechanisms (Mechanism Ⅳ) such as cellular autophagy modulation and ferroptosis inhibition. Of these, Mechanism III is regulated by all natural compounds. The 279 natural compounds, including 62 terpenoids, 57 alkaloids, 52 flavonoids, 26 phenols, 19 phenylpropanoids, 9 steroids, 9 saponins, 8 quinonoids, 6 vitamins, and 31 others, can effectively ameliorate UC. Of these, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids have the greatest potential for treating UC. It is noteworthy to highlight that a total of 54 natural compounds exhibit their therapeutic effects by modulating Mechanisms I, II, and III. Conclusion This review serves as a comprehensive resource for the pharmaceutical industry, researchers, and clinicians seeking novel therapeutic approaches to combat UC. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of these natural compounds may significantly contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of patients with UC and promotion of disease-modifying therapies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Huang
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuhong Wu
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Lin
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Papaefthimiou M, Kontou PI, Bagos PG, Braliou GG. Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Extracts from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Exerts Attenuating Effect on Diseased Experimental Rats: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3325. [PMID: 37571265 PMCID: PMC10420666 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is an aromatic plant known for its high sweetening power ascribed to its glycosides. Stevia also contains several bioactive compounds showing antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Since inflammation and oxidative stress play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, stevia emerges as a promising natural product that could support human health. In this study we set out to investigate the way stevia affects oxidative stress markers (e.g., SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, MDA) in diseased rats administered stevia leaf extracts or glycosides. To this end, we performed an inclusive literature search, following PRISMA guidelines, and recruited multivariate meta-analysis and meta-regression to synthesize all available data on experimental animal models encountering (a) healthy, (b) diseased, and (c) stevia-treated diseased rats. From the 184 articles initially retrieved, 24 satisfied the eligibility criteria, containing 104 studies. Our results demonstrate that regardless of the assay employed, stevia leaf extracts restored all oxidative stress markers to a higher extent compared to pure glycosides. Meta-regression analysis revealed that results from SOD, CAT, GSH, and TAC assays are not statistically significantly different (p = 0.184) and can be combined in meta-analysis. Organic extracts from stevia leaves showed more robust antioxidant properties compared to aqueous or hydroalcoholic ones. The restoration of oxidative markers ranged from 65% to 85% and was exhibited in all tested tissues. Rats with diabetes mellitus were found to have the highest restorative response to stevia leaf extract administration. Our results suggest that stevia leaf extract can act protectively against various diseases through its antioxidant properties. However, which of each of the multitude of stevia compounds contribute to this effect, and to what extent, awaits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papaefthimiou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35 131 Lamia, Greece; (M.P.); (P.G.B.)
| | | | - Pantelis G. Bagos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35 131 Lamia, Greece; (M.P.); (P.G.B.)
| | - Georgia G. Braliou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35 131 Lamia, Greece; (M.P.); (P.G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Targeting of Nrf2/PPARγ/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway by Stevia rebudiana Bertoni Extract Provides a Novel Insight into Its Protective Effect against Acute Gouty Arthritis-Induced Synovial Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in a Rat Model. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our research work examined the potential protection of Stevia rebaudiana extract against monosodium urate crystals (MSU)-induced acute gouty arthritis in a rat model and its possible underlying mechanism. Forty rats were allocated into four groups (n = 10); a control group; an MSU group, whose rats received 0.1 of MSU single intra-articular injection in the ankle joint on the fifth day of the experiment; an MSU + Stevia group, which received 250 mg/kg/day of Stevia extract orally for seven days and MSU crystals on the fifth day; and an MSU + colchicine group, which was administered colchicine at 0.28 mg/kg daily for seven days and MSU crystals on the fifth day. Pretreatment with Stevia extract mitigated MSU-induced inflammation as evidenced by a decrease of the ankle edema and inflammatory cell infiltration and a significant downregulation of the protein level of NFκB, TNFα, IL-1β, IL6, and IL18 as well as NLRP3 gene expression. Additionally, there was a markedly increased PPARγ gene expression (p < 0.001) compared with the MSU group (p < 0.001) and alleviated oxidative stress via significant upregulating of Nrf2/HO-1. Moreover, the pretreatment attenuated apoptosis by significantly decreasing cytochrome c, Bax, Caspase-3, and by increasing Bcl-2 protein. In conclusion, Stevia extract exhibited strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects against MSU-induced gouty arthritis similar to the standard anti-inflammatory colchicine drugs.
Collapse
|
4
|
Seo HI, Kwon SC, Kwak JY. Protective effects of sigma 1 receptor agonist PRE084 on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced experimental colitis in mice. Ann Surg Treat Res 2022; 103:160-168. [PMID: 36128036 PMCID: PMC9478428 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2022.103.3.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to investigate the protective effect of sigma 1 receptor agonist and antagonist, PRE084 and BD1047, respectively, on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice. Methods Thirty male ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, 50% ethanol, colitis, PRE084 + colitis, and combined (PRE084 + BD1047 + colitis). Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of TNBS. PRE084 and BD1047 were injected daily, starting 3 days before colitis induction. Distal colon tissue was excised for histopathological evaluation, and levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lipid peroxidation were determined. Results Colitis caused weight loss, mucosal damage, upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, MPO, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance activities, and downregulation of GSH and SOD activities. These changes caused by TNBS-induced colitis were significantly ameliorated by PRE084 pretreatment. However, the combined pretreatment with BD1047 significantly attenuated the protective effect of PRE084, thereby reverting to the colitis-induced state. Conclusion We conclude that the sigma 1 receptor agonist PRE084 exhibits significant protective effects against TNBS-induced colitis, which appears to be at least partly mediated by the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, and enhancement of antioxidant properties. Collectively, these results suggest that PRE084 might be an effective drug for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Il Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Seong Chun Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jae Young Kwak
- Department of Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kopytina V, Pascual-Antón L, Toggweiler N, Arriero-País EM, Strahl L, Albar-Vizcaíno P, Sucunza D, Vaquero JJ, Steppan S, Piecha D, López-Cabrera M, González-Mateo GT. Steviol glycosides as an alternative osmotic agent for peritoneal dialysis fluid. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:868374. [PMID: 36052133 PMCID: PMC9424724 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.868374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement technique that requires repeated exposure of the peritoneum to hyperosmolar PD fluids (PDFs). Unfortunately, it promotes alterations of the peritoneal membrane (PM) that affects its functionality, including mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT) of mesothelial cells (MCs), inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Glucose is the most used osmotic agent, but it is known to be at least partially responsible, together with its degradation products (GDP), for those changes. Therefore, there is a need for more biocompatible osmotic agents to better maintain the PM. Herein we evaluated the biocompatibility of Steviol glycosides (SG)-based fluids. Methods: The ultrafiltration and transport capacities of SG-containing and glucose-based fluids were analyzed using artificial membranes and an in vivo mouse model, respectively. To investigate the biocompatibility of the fluids, Met-5A and human omental peritoneal MCs (HOMCs) were exposed in vitro to different types of glucose-based PDFs (conventional 4.25% glucose solution with high-GDP level and biocompatible 2.3% glucose solution with low-GDP level), SG-based fluids or treated with TGF-β1. Mice submitted to surgery of intraperitoneal catheter insertion were treated for 40 days with SG- or glucose-based fluids. Peritoneal tissues were collected to determine thickness, MMT, angiogenesis, as well as peritoneal washings to analyze inflammation. Results: Dialysis membrane experiments demonstrated that SG-based fluids at 1.5%, 1%, and 0.75% had a similar trend in weight gain, based on curve slope, as glucose-based fluids. Analyzing transport capacity in vivo, 1% and 0.75% SG-based fluid-exposed nephrectomized mice extracted a similar amount of urea as the glucose 2.3% group. In vitro, PDF with high-glucose (4.25%) and high-GDP content induced mesenchymal markers and angiogenic factors (Snail1, Fibronectin, VEGF-A, FGF-2) and downregulates the epithelial marker E-Cadherin. In contrast, exposition to low-glucose-based fluids with low-GDP content or SG-based fluids showed higher viability and had less MMT. In vivo, SG-based fluids preserved MC monolayer, induced less PM thickness, angiogenesis, leukocyte infiltration, inflammatory cytokines release, and MMT compared with glucose-based fluids. Conclusion: SG showed better biocompatibility as an osmotic agent than glucose in vitro and in vivo, therefore, it could alternatively substitute glucose in PDF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Kopytina
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Biology Research Center Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Pascual-Antón
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Biology Research Center Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Toggweiler
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurter, St. Wendel, Germany
| | - Eva-María Arriero-País
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Biology Research Center Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisa Strahl
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurter, St. Wendel, Germany
| | - Patricia Albar-Vizcaíno
- Department of Nephrology, IdiPAZ Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sucunza
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Vaquero
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonja Steppan
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, St. Wendel, Germany
| | - Dorothea Piecha
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, St. Wendel, Germany
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Biology Research Center Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel López-Cabrera, ; Guadalupe-Tirma González-Mateo,
| | - Guadalupe-Tirma González-Mateo
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Biology Research Center Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology, IdiPAZ Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel López-Cabrera, ; Guadalupe-Tirma González-Mateo,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cruz-Muñoz JR, Barrios-García T, Valdez-Morales EE, Durán-Vazquez MF, Méndez-Rodríguez KB, Barajas-Espinosa A, Ochoa-Cortes F, Martínez-Saldaña MC, Gómez-Aguirre YA, Alba RG. Ethanolic extract from Lepidium virginicum L. ameliorates DNBS-induced colitis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115056. [PMID: 35104576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lepidium virginicum L. (Brassicaceae) is a plant widely used in traditional Mexican medicine as an expectorant, diuretic, and as a remedy to treat diarrhea and dysentery, infection-derived gastroenteritis. However, there is no scientific study that validates its clinical use as an anti-inflammatory in the intestine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract of Lepidium virginicum L. (ELv) in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) animal model of IBD was used. Colitis was induced by intrarectal instillation of 200 mg/kg of DNBS dissolved vehicle, 50% ethanol. Control rats only received the vehicle. Six hours posterior to DNBS administration, ELv (3, 30, or 100 mg/kg) was administered daily by gavage or intraperitoneal injection. The onset and course of the inflammatory response were monitored by assessing weight loss, stool consistency, and fecal blood. Colonic damage was evaluated by colon weight/length ratio, histopathology, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). RESULTS Rats treated with DNBS displayed significant weight loss, diarrhea, fecal blood, colon shortening, a significant increase in immune cell infiltration and MPO activity, as well as increased proinflammatory cytokine expression. Intraperitoneal administration of ELv significantly reduced colon inflammation, whereas oral treatment proved to be ineffective. In fact, intraperitoneal ELv significantly attenuated the clinical manifestations of colitis, immune cell infiltration, MPO activity, and pro-inflammatory (CXCL-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β) gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Traditional medicine has employed ELv as a remedy for common infection-derived gastrointestinal symptoms; however, we hereby present the first published study validating its anti-inflammatory properties in the mitigation of DNBS-induced colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José R Cruz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Ags, C.P. 20100, Mexico.
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-García
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Ags, C.P. 20100, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo E Valdez-Morales
- Cátedras CONACYT. Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Av. Universidad s/n. Exhacienda 5 señores Oaxaca, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P 68120, Oaxaca de Juárez Oaxaca, Mexico.
| | - María F Durán-Vazquez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Ags, C.P. 20100, Mexico.
| | - Karen B Méndez-Rodríguez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona No. 550, Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico.
| | - Alma Barajas-Espinosa
- Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Calle acceso principal al corredor industrial s/n, Colonia Parque de Poblamiento, C.P. 43000, Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Fernando Ochoa-Cortes
- Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Calle acceso principal al corredor industrial s/n, Colonia Parque de Poblamiento, C.P. 43000, Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - María C Martínez-Saldaña
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Ags., C.P. 20100, Mexico.
| | - Yenny A Gómez-Aguirre
- CONACyT Research Fellow- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Ags., C.P. 20100, Mexico.
| | - Raquel Guerrero Alba
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Ags, C.P. 20100, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin Y, Wu Y, Su J, Wang M, Wu X, Su Z, Yi X, Wei L, Cai J, Sun Z. Therapeutic role of d-pinitol on experimental colitis via activating Nrf2/ARE and PPAR-γ/NF-κB signaling pathways. Food Funct 2021; 12:2554-2568. [PMID: 33625409 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a recrudescent intestinal inflammation coupled with diarrhea, weight loss, pus, and blood stool, which seriously impacts the quality of patient life. d-Pinitol, which can be a food supplement isolated from the food plant-like soybeans, Ceratonia siliqua Linn and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, has been proved to show anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the potential mechanism of d-pinitol still remains ill-defined contemporarily. In the current study, the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of d-pinitol against colitis were investigated. Oxidative stress and inflammation of experimental colitis were caused by 3% DSS treatment once daily for 7 days. During DSS treatment, the mice of the positive drug group and three other groups were orally administered SASP or d-pinitol once daily. Clinical symptoms were analyzed, and macroscopic scores were calculated. The levels of oxidative and inflammatory cytokines were measured using assay kits and RT-PCR. Additionally, the protein expression of the Nrf2/ARE pathway and PPAR-γ was measured by Western blot. Results showed that d-pinitol enormously alleviated DSS-induced bodyweight loss, colon shortening, and histological injuries, achieving a therapeutic efficacy superior to SASP. Moreover, the oxidative stress and colonic inflammatory response were mitigated. d-pinitol not only significantly activated the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway via facilitating the translocation of Nrf2 from sitoplazma to cytoblast, upregulating the protein expression levels of GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, and NQO1, but also improved the PPAR-γ level by binding to the active site of PPAR-γ, when suppressing NF-κB p65 and IκBα phosphorylation. In conclusion, d-pinitol exhibited a dramatic anti-colitis efficacy by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway and PPAR-γ. Hence, d-pinitol may be a promising therapeutic drug against UC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinsi Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|