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Osman A, Lin E, Hwang DS. A sticky carbohydrate meets a mussel adhesive: Catechol-conjugated levan for hemostatic and wound healing applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120172. [PMID: 36876787 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The stickiest natural polysaccharide, levan, plays a role in metalloproteinase activation, which is an important step involved in the healing of injured tissue. However, levan is easily diluted, washed away, and loses adhesion in wet environments, which limits its biomedical applications. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy for fabricating a levan-based adhesive hydrogel for hemostatic and wound healing applications by conjugating catechol to levan. Prepared hydrogels exhibit significantly improved water solubilities, and adhesion strengths to hydrated porcine skin of up to 42.17 ± 0.24 kPa which is more than three-times that of fibrin glue adhesive. The hydrogels also promote rapid blood clotting and significantly faster healing of rat-skin incisions compared to nontreated samples. In addition, levan-catechol exhibited an immune response close to that of the negative control, which is ascribable to its significantly lower endotoxin level compared to native levan. Overall, levan-catechol hydrogels are promising materials for hemostatic and wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asila Osman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
| | - Enhui Lin
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea; Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University International Campus I-CREATE, Incheon 21983, South Korea.
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Grafeneder J, Derhaschnig U, Eskandary F, Buchtele N, Sus N, Frank J, Jilma B, Schoergenhofer C. Micellar Curcumin: Pharmacokinetics and Effects on Inflammation Markers and PCSK-9 Concentrations in Healthy Subjects in a Double-Blind, Randomized, Active-Controlled, Crossover Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200139. [PMID: 36101515 PMCID: PMC9787856 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Preclinical models have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects of curcumin. Innovative formulations have been developed to overcome the poor bioavailability of native curcumin. The study hypothesizes that the bioavailability of micellar curcumin is superior to native curcumin and investigates the potential anti-inflammatory and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) concentration lowering effects. METHODS AND RESULTS In this double-blind, randomized, crossover trial, 15 healthy volunteers receive micellar or native curcumin (105 mg day-1 ) for 7 days with a ≥7 days washout period. Curcumin and metabolite concentrations are quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD), and pharmacokinetics are calculated. To analyze anti-inflammatory effects, blood samples (baseline, 2 h, 7 days) are stimulated with 50 ng mL-1 lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF-α), and PCSK9 concentrations are quantified. Micellar curcumin demonstrates improved bioavailability (≈39-fold higher maximum concentrations, ≈14-fold higher area-under-the-time-concentration curve, p < 0.001) but does not reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines in the chosen model. Subjects receiving micellar curcumin have significantly lower PCSK9 concentrations (≈10% reduction) after 7 days compared to baseline (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION Micellar curcumin demonstrates an improved oral bioavailability but does not show anti-inflammatory effects in this model. Potential effects on PCSK9 concentrations warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Grafeneder
- Department of Emergency MedicineMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Ulla Derhaschnig
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Farsad Eskandary
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Nina Buchtele
- Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Nadine Sus
- Department of Food Biofunctionality (140b)Institute of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality (140b)Institute of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
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Okabe T, Kamiya Y, Kikuchi T, Goto H, Umemura M, Suzuki Y, Sugita Y, Naiki Y, Hasegawa Y, Hayashi JI, Kawamura S, Sawada N, Takayanagi Y, Fujimura T, Higuchi N, Mitani A. Porphyromonas gingivalis Components/Secretions Synergistically Enhance Pneumonia Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12704. [PMID: 34884507 PMCID: PMC8657795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important causative organism of respiratory tract infections. Although periodontal bacteria have been shown to influence respiratory infections such as aspiration pneumonia, the synergistic effect of S. pneumoniae and Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontopathic bacterium, on pneumococcal infections is unclear. To investigate whether P. gingivalis accelerates pneumococcal infections, we tested the effects of inoculating P. gingivalis culture supernatant (PgSup) into S. pneumoniae-infected mice. Mice were intratracheally injected with S. pneumoniae and PgSup to induce pneumonia, and lung histopathological sections and the absolute number and frequency of neutrophils and macrophages in the lung were analyzed. Proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression was examined by qPCR and ELISA. Inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in S. pneumoniae-infected mice and S. pnemoniae and PgSup mixed-infected mice, and mixed-infected mice showed more pronounced inflammation in lung. The ratios of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils were not significantly different between the lungs of S. pneumoniae-infected mice and those of mixed-infected mice. PgSup synergistically increased TNF-α expression/production and IL-17 production compared with S. pneumoniae infection alone. We demonstrated that PgSup enhanced inflammation in pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae, suggesting that virulence factors produced by P. gingivalis are involved in the exacerbation of respiratory tract infections such as aspiration pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Okabe
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (H.G.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (Y.T.); (T.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Yosuke Kamiya
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (H.G.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (Y.T.); (T.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (H.G.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (Y.T.); (T.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Hisashi Goto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (H.G.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (Y.T.); (T.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Masayuki Umemura
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Nishihara 903-0213, Japan;
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (H.G.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (Y.T.); (T.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan;
| | - Yoshikazu Naiki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoshiaki Hasegawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jun-ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (H.G.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (Y.T.); (T.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Shotaro Kawamura
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (H.G.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (Y.T.); (T.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Noritaka Sawada
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (H.G.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (Y.T.); (T.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Yuhei Takayanagi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (H.G.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (Y.T.); (T.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Takeki Fujimura
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (H.G.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (Y.T.); (T.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Naoya Higuchi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan;
| | - Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-dori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; (T.O.); (T.K.); (H.G.); (Y.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (Y.T.); (T.F.); (A.M.)
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Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of saskatoon berry fruit and pomace. Food Chem 2019; 290:168-177. [PMID: 31000034 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Total phenolic chromatographic indices (TPCI) of three commercially grown saskatoon berry varieties and a pomace from commercial juice production were determined. Northline was shown to have the highest TPCI of 504.2 mg/100 g FW. These results agreed with total phenolic content results for these varieties. The TPCI of the commercial pomace was 404.2 mg/100 g pomace indicating that a significant concentration of phenolics were present in this co-product, showing the commercial relevance of this material. A phenolic rich extract (PRE; 500 ppm) of the Northline variety was compared to BHT (0.02% w:w) and Rosamox (0.2% w:w) for delaying the oxidation of borage oil via rancimat analysis. Induction times were 1.46 h (borage oil), 1.44 h (Rosamox), 2.18 h (BHT), and 2.42 h (PRE), which was a ∼65% delay in the oxidation of borage oil. These results clearly support the value of this material as an antioxidant ingredient in foods, pharmaceuticals, nutriceuticals and cosmetics.
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Tomlinson ML, Butelli E, Martin C, Carding SR. Flavonoids from Engineered Tomatoes Inhibit Gut Barrier Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines, via SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK Pathways. Front Nutr 2017; 4:61. [PMID: 29326940 PMCID: PMC5741681 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant secondary metabolites, known to reduce inflammatory bowel disease symptoms. How they achieve this is largely unknown. Our study focuses on the gut epithelium as it receives high topological doses of dietary constituents, maintains gut homeostasis, and orchestrates gut immunity. Dysregulation leads to chronic gut inflammation, via dendritic cell (DC)-driven immune responses. Tomatoes engineered for enriched sets of flavonoids (anthocyanins or flavonols) provided a unique and complex naturally consumed food matrix to study the effect of diet on chronic inflammation. Primary murine colonic epithelial cell-based inflammation assays consist of chemokine induction, apoptosis and proliferation, and effects on kinase pathways. Primary murine leukocytes and DCs were used to assay effects on transmigration. A murine intestinal cell line was used to assay wound healing. Engineered tomato extracts (enriched in anthocyanins or flavonols) showed strong and specific inhibitory effects on a set of key epithelial pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Chemotaxis assays showed a resulting reduction in the migration of primary leukocytes and DCs. Activation of epithelial cell SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were specifically inhibited. The epithelial wound healing-associated STAT3 pathway was unaffected. Cellular migration, proliferation, and apoptosis assays confirmed that wound healing processes were not affected by flavonoids. We show flavonoids target epithelial pro-inflammatory kinase pathways, inhibiting chemotactic signals resulting in reduced leukocyte and DC chemotaxis. Thus, both anthocyanins and flavonols modulate epithelial cells to become hyporesponsive to bacterial stimulation. Our results identify a viable mechanism to explain the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Tomlinson
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Martin Laboratory, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenio Butelli
- Martin Laboratory, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Cathie Martin
- Martin Laboratory, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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