Development of an antidiabetic polyherbal formulation (ADPHF6) and assessment of its antioxidant activity against ROS-induced damage in pUC19 and human lymphocytes - an in vitro study

Effectiveness of 3 Polyherbal Formulations (EcXaPu, EcXa, and EcPu) on the Management of Oxidative Stress and Hyperglycemia

Oxidative stress and hyperglycemia are major disorders involved in the occurrence and severity not only of chronic non-communicable diseases but also of infectious pathologies. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antihyperglycemic properties of EcXaPu, EcXa, and EcPu. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using 3 mechanisms: radical scavenging; reducing property, and metal chelating. Finally, the antihyperglycemic properties were evaluated by 2 mechanisms: glucose adsorption and cellular glucose capture. The different formulations showed their ability to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, and NO radicals with SC₅₀ ranging from 2.75 to 3.51 mg/ml, from 2.6 to 2.76 mg/ml, and from 2.59 to 3.3 mg/ml, respectively. All the formulations also reduced MoO₄ ²⁺ and Fe³⁺ and chelated Cu²⁺ and Fe²⁺. The different formulations adsorbed the glucose with glucose adsorption rates ranging from 72.83% to 87.01%. The different formulations also stimulated cellular glucose uptake, with uptake rates ranging from 31.9% to 50.71% in yeast cells and from 21.81% to 39.45% in muscle cells. These formulations could be potential agents to prevent and/or protect against biological disorders associated with oxidative stress and hyperglycemia.

Assessment of Antioxidative and Alpha-Amylase Potential of Polyherbal Extract

The present study aims to prepare a polyherbal formulation (PHF) of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera), Allium sativum (garlic), Acacia arabica (Babul), and Aegle marmelos (Bel) and evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant activity utilizing the in vitro model. Air-dried powder of 5 medicinal plants, which are divided into equal portions, and PHF, is prepared by the soxhlet technique using polar and nonpolar solvents. The PHF is screened for the phytochemical screening, and then the antidiabetic activity is determined by alpha-amylase inhibition. The extracts thus obtained are also subjected to the inhibition assay by the use of (DNS) dinitro salicylic acid. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH radical scavenging assay, H₂O₂ scavenging assay, and TBARS assay. In in vitro study, the result revealed polyherbal formulation in which hot water extract has the topmost inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase activity, ranging from 20.4% to 79.5% with an IC50 value of 48.98 ± 0.31 μg/ml. This extract clearly showed the effective lowering of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PPHG). In the antioxidant activity carried out by using the (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, the highest result was obtained by the concentration of 250 μg/ml, which was around 77.2 ± 0.05 with statistical significance compared with control (a: p < 0.01; b: p < 0.001), while in the GTA method, the highest result was obtained by the concentration of 250 μg/ml, which was around 78.2 ± 0.05, and in the case of the TBARS assay, the concentration of 250 μg/ml gave around 76.2 ± 0.03 anti-oxidant value. In conclusion, the study shows that polyherbal formulation has superior antidiabetic activity and antioxidant properties.

Antioxidant and antiaging effect of traditional Thai rejuvenation medicines in Caenorhabditis elegans

OBJECTIVE

This study explored the rejuvenation mechanisms of Thai polyherbal medicines using different approaches, including in vitro methods, as well as a well-defined nematode model, Caenorhabditis elegans.

METHODS

THP-R-SR012 decoction was selected from 23 polyherbal medicines, based on metal-chelating and chain-breaking antioxidant capacities. The influences of this extract on the survival and some stress biomarkers of C. elegans under paraquat-induced oxidative stress were evaluated. Furthermore, lifespan analysis and levels of lipofuscin accumulation were examined in senescent nematodes. The phytochemical profile of THP-R-SR012 was analyzed.

RESULTS

Supplementation with THP-R-SR012 decoction significantly increased the mean lifespan and reduced the oxidative damage to C. elegans under oxidative stress conditions. Further, THP-R-SR012 supplementation slightly influenced the lifespan and the level of lipofuscin accumulation during adulthood. Antioxidant-related phytochemical constituents of THP-R-SR012 decoction were rutin, naringenin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, demethoxycurcumin and 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid.

CONCLUSION

The antioxidant potential of THP-R-SR012 was due to its scavenging properties, its enhancement of antioxidant-related enzyme activities, and the presence of the antioxidant-related compound. These results support the traditional use of THP-R-SR012 decoction as a tonic for nourishing and strengthening the whole body.

Improvement of Flavonoids in Lemon Seeds on Oxidative Damage of Human Embryonic Kidney 293T Cells Induced by H2O2

In this study, flavonoids in lemon seeds (FLS) were used to assess its improvement on the oxidative damage of human embryonic kidney 293T cells (HEK 293T cells) induced by H₂O₂. In vitro experiments showed that the survival rates of HEK 293T cells treated with different flavonoid concentrations (50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, and 150 μg/mL) exceeded 95%, indicating no significant toxic effect. Compared with the normal group, H₂O₂ (0.3 mmol/L) resulted significantly in oxidative stress injury of HEK 293T cells. The survival rate of the damaged cells increased after treatment with flavonoids, and the survival rate of cells treated with a high concentration (150 μg/mL) of flavonoids was 76.2%. Flavonoids also effectively inhibited H₂O₂-induced apoptosis. At the same time, flavonoid treatment significantly reduced the malondialdehyde content in cells and increased the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analysis also suggested that FLS upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of CAT, SOD (SOD1, SOD2), GSH (GSH1), and GSH-Px in H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage of HEK 293T cells. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated that FLS contained six compounds, including gallocatechin, caffeic acid, epicatechin, vitexin, quercetin, and hesperidin. FLS were proven to have a good antioxidant capacity in vitro and improve significantly the oxidative damage of HEK 293T cells induced by H₂O₂. The biological activity value warrants investigation in additional studies.