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Alqahtani T, Kumarasamy V, Alghamdi SS, Suliman RS, Bin Saleh K, Alrashed MA, Aldhaeefi M, Sun D. Adefovir Dipivoxil as a Therapeutic Candidate for Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Targeting RET and STAT3 Proto-Oncogenes. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072163. [PMID: 37046823 PMCID: PMC10093259 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant gene expression is often linked to the progression of various cancers, making the targeting of oncogene transcriptional activation a potential strategy to control tumor growth and development. The RET proto-oncogene’s gain-of-function mutation is a major cause of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which is part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) syndrome. In this study, we used a cell-based bioluminescence reporter system driven by the RET promoter to screen for small molecules that potentially suppress the RET gene transcription. We identified adefovir dipivoxil as a transcriptional inhibitor of the RET gene, which suppressed endogenous RET protein expression in MTC TT cells. Adefovir dipivoxil also interfered with STAT3 phosphorylation and showed high affinity to bind to STAT3. Additionally, it inhibited RET-dependent TT cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. These results demonstrate the potential of cell-based screening assays in identifying transcriptional inhibitors for other oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Vishnu Kumarasamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Sahar Saleh Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Saad Suliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Almafrag, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 3798, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Bin Saleh
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Department of pharmacy practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alrashed
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Department of pharmacy practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aldhaeefi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Department of pharmacy practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daekyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Pharmacy Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Almafrag, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 3798, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
- The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Yun HJ, Lim JH, Kim SY, Kim SM, Park KC. Discovery of Pharmaceutical Composition for Prevention and Treatment in Patient-Derived Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081901. [PMID: 36009450 PMCID: PMC9405678 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a well-known neuroendocrine carcinoma, derived from C cells of the thyroid gland. Additionally, MTC is an uncommon aggressive carcinoma that metastasizes to lymph nodes, bones, lungs and liver. For MTC, the 10-year general survival ratio of patients with localized disease is about 95%, whereas that of patients with local phase disorder is around 75%. Only 20% of patients with distant metastasis to lung at diagnosis survive 10 years, which is notably lower than survival for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC). The management of MTC with distant metastasis to lung could be re-surgery or chemotherapy. In this research, we planned to assess the in vitro and in vivo combinational anticancer effect of a novel combination of low-dose cisplatin and sorafenib in patient-derived MTC. The patient-derived MTC cell lines YUMC-M1, M2, and M3 were isolated and treated with a combination of cisplatin and sorafenib or either agent alone. Cisplatin and sorafenib acted in combination to forward tumor restraint compared with each agent administered alone at a low dose. Therefore, a combination of cisplatin and sorafenib could be a new therapeutic approach for MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok-Jun Yun
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135720, Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Lim
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135720, Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120752, Korea
| | - Seok-Mo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135720, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-M.K.); (K.-C.P.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-3370 (S.-M.K.); +82-2-2228-2861 (K.-C.P.); Fax: +82-2-3462-5994 (S.-M.K.); +82-2-362-8647 (K.-C.P.)
| | - Ki-Cheong Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120752, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-M.K.); (K.-C.P.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-3370 (S.-M.K.); +82-2-2228-2861 (K.-C.P.); Fax: +82-2-3462-5994 (S.-M.K.); +82-2-362-8647 (K.-C.P.)
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Zhao Z, Yin XD, Zhang XH, Li ZW, Wang DW. Comparison of pediatric and adult medullary thyroid carcinoma based on SEER program. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13310. [PMID: 32764626 PMCID: PMC7413344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of children and adult diagnosed with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). MTC patients were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1998 to 2016, followed by stratification into pediatric (< 20 years) or adult (≥ 20 years) groups. In total, 2,197 patients (110 pediatric and 2087 adult) with MTC were identified. Pediatric patients were more likely to have localized stage (70.0% vs. 51.6%), negative regional nodes (48.2% vs. 30.8%) and receive total/subtotal thyroidectomy surgery (97.3% vs. 85.3%). Moreover, CSS and OS rates were significantly higher in pediatric patients (both P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that adult patients were significantly correlated with worse CSS and OS rates [(CSS: HR 11.60, 95% CI 1.62–83.02, P = 0.015); (OS: HR 5.63, 95% CI 2.08–15.25, P = 0.001)]. Further stratified analysis indicated that pediatric group might have significant better CSS and OS for patients with more advanced stage. Patients in the pediatric group were more likely to have earlier stage. Moreover, the prognosis of pediatric MTC patients was significantly better than that in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiang-Dang Yin
- Department of Thyroidhyroid Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xu-He Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Zhi-Wen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Dun-Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Alqahtani T, Kumarasamy VM, Huczyński A, Sun D. Salinomycin and its derivatives as potent RET transcriptional inhibitors for the treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:348-358. [PMID: 31746350 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearranged during transfection kinase (RET) is a validated molecular target in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), as activating mutations in RET are often associated with the development of MTC. The present study reports the first preclinical characterization of salinomycin and selected analogs as potent RET transcriptional inhibitors. Reverse transcription‑PCR and immunoblotting revealed that salinomycin profoundly decreased RET expression in the TT human MTC cell line by inhibiting RET transcription. Moreover, salinomycin resulted in remarkable anti‑proliferative activity against MTC that is driven by RET (gain of function mutation) by selectively inhibiting the intracellular PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Also, flow cytometry and fluorescence‑activated cell sorting showed that salinomycin induces G1 phase arrest and apoptosis by reducing the expression of retinoblastoma protein, E2F1, cyclin D and CDK4. The structure‑activity relationship of salinomycin was investigated in this study. Some of the salinomycin derivatives showed the ability to reduce RET expression where others fail to alter RET expression. These results suggest that the RET‑suppressing effect of salinomycin may be largely attributed to disruption of the Wnt pathway, presumably through interference with the ternary LRP6‑Frizzled‑Wnt complex. Furthermore, these findings support the further preclinical evaluation of salinomycin and its analogs as a promising new class of therapeutic agents for the improved treatment of MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Vishnu Muthuraj Kumarasamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60‑780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Daekyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Machens A, Dralle H. Long-term outcome after DNA-based prophylactic neck surgery in children at risk of hereditary medullary thyroid cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 33:101274. [PMID: 31043326 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technology, providing unprecedented insights into cancer progression, have shifted the treatment paradigm towards precision medicine for hereditary medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), away from the 'one-size-fits-all' approach predicated on genetic risk alone. The DNA-based/biochemical concept, factoring serum calcitonin into the benefit-risk equation, optimizes biochemical cure while minimizing extent of prophylactic surgery and operative morbidity in children at risk. The transformative effect that has taking effect on medical practice has been impressive: Increasingly earlier molecular diagnosis and more limited prophylactic neck operations yielded excellent clinical outcomes at expert facilities 7-16 years postoperatively: biochemical cure rates approximating 100%; absence of residual structural disease or recurrence; and rarely any permanent operative morbidity. These excellent results, contingent on proper health care funding and pediatric surgical specialization, make a case for early prophylactic thyroidectomy in experienced hands once calcitonin serum levels exceed the upper normal limit of the assay in young gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Machens
- Medical Faculty, Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Henning Dralle
- Medical Faculty, Department of Visceral, Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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Anisowicz SK, McIver H, Pedersen AM. Visual Diagnosis: Exophytic Lesions on Tongue and Oral Mucosa. Pediatr Rev 2018; 39:e43-e46. [PMID: 30171063 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2017-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Anisowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Ft. Belvoir Community Hospital, Ft. Belvoir, VA
| | - Harkirtin McIver
- Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Anita M Pedersen
- Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI
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Prete FP, Abdel-Aziz T, Morkane C, Brain C, Kurzawinski TR. Prophylactic thyroidectomy in children with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. Br J Surg 2018; 105:1319-1327. [PMID: 29663329 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) syndrome, genetic testing offers early diagnosis, stratifies the risk of developing medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and informs the timing of thyroidectomy. The efficacy of treatment, which depends on timely and safe surgery, is not well established. METHODS This was a retrospective review of diagnostic and clinicopathological outcomes of prophylactic thyroidectomy in children with MEN2 between 1995 and 2013 in the UK. American Thyroid Association (ATA) 2009 guidelines were used as a benchmark for adequate treatment. RESULTS Seventy-nine children from 16 centres underwent total thyroidectomy. Thirty-eight patients (48 per cent) underwent genetic testing and 36 (46 per cent) had an operation performed above the age recommended by the ATA 2009 guidelines; pathology showed MTC in 30 patients (38 per cent). Late surgery, above-normal preoperative calcitonin level and MTC on pathology correlated with late genetic testing. Twenty-five children had lymphadenectomy; these patients had more parathyroid glands excised (mean difference 0·61, 95 per cent c.i. 0·24 to 0·98; P = 0·001), and were more likely to have hypocalcaemia requiring medication (relative risk (RR) 3·12, 95 per cent c.i. 1·54 to 6·32; P = 0·002) and permanent hypoparathyroidism (RR 3·24, 1·29 to 8·11; P = 0·010) compared with those who underwent total thyroidectomy alone. Age did not influence the development of complications. CONCLUSION Late genetic testing may preclude age-appropriate surgery, increasing the risk of operating when MTC has already developed. Early genetic testing and age-appropriate surgery may help avoid unnecessary lymphadenectomy and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Prete
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, University College Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Policlinico di Bari University Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - T Abdel-Aziz
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, University College Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,Department of General Surgery, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - C Morkane
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, University College Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Brain
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, University College Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - T R Kurzawinski
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, University College Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Metzger R. Morbus Hirschsprung. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-017-0250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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