Development and assessment of a low-health-literacy, pictographic adrenal insufficiency action plan

Skin and Syntax: Large Language Models in Dermatopathology

This literature review introduces the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the field of dermatopathology, outlining their potential benefits, challenges, and prospects. It discusses the changing landscape of dermatopathology with the emergence of LLMs. The potential advantages of LLMs include a streamlined generation of pathology reports, the ability to learn and provide up-to-date information, and simplified patient education. Existing instances of LLMs encompass diagnostic support, research acceleration, and trainee education. Challenges involve biases, data privacy and quality, and establishing a balance between AI and dermatopathological expertise. Prospects include the integration of LLMs with other AI technologies to improve diagnostics and the improvement of multimodal LLMs that can handle both text and image input. Our implementation guidelines highlight the importance of model transparency and interpretability, data quality, and continuous oversight. The transformative potential of LLMs in dermatopathology is underscored, with an emphasis on a dynamic collaboration between artificial intelligence (AI) experts (technical specialists) and dermatopathologists (clinicians) for improved patient outcomes.

Clinical action plans make a difference at point-of-care

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

The purpose of this review is to provide an update to and roadmap for the practical implementation of various point-of-care clinical action plans for primary care providers.

RECENT FINDINGS

Clinical action plans were first developed to address unmet, home preventive needs for the management of asthma. Over the past 10 years, the advancement of mobile health technologies, the recognition of at-risk populations, and the development of evidence-based concepts to guide the creation of patient education tools have expanded the implementation of clinical action plans for many diagnoses (e.g., functional constipation, atopic dermatitis, and headache migraines). Poor patient-related clinical outcomes have been linked with low health literacy for many chronic diseases of childhood. This has served as a call to action to improve patient education. Clinical action plans address this gap by facilitating superior knowledge transfer from the medical team in the clinic to the patient/caregiver. The use of clinical action plans can serve as clinical decision support tools for the medical team and has been demonstrated to improve patient adherence to complex therapy regimens.

SUMMARY

Clinical action plans have the potential to improve disease-related self-management confidence, increase pharmacotherapy adherence, and enhance guideline-concordant care. These clinical decision support tools are safe, inexpensive, and represent an advancement in the high-value care model in pediatric medicine.

Development and Assessment of a Low Literacy, Pictographic Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Action Plan

OBJECTIVE

To develop and assess an evidence-based, individualized Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Action Plan (CVSAP) to optimize both preventative and acute care.

STUDY DESIGN

This implementation science project synthesized a combination of clinical practice guidelines, published literature, and clinical experience by a team of CVS clinicians to develop the CVSAP. The tool was developed to include validated pictograms and an automatic, embedded, weight-based dosing calculator to output acute management recommendations. The final version of the CVSAP was tested by patients/caregivers, readability calculators, medical librarians, and clinicians using validated metrics.

RESULTS

All pictograms met the criteria for inclusion in the CVSAP. A composite readability score of 5.32 was consistent with a fifth-grade level. Patients/caregivers (n = 70) judged the CVSAP to be of high quality with consumer information rating form rating of 84.2%. Six medical librarians rated the CVSAP to have 93% understandability and 100% actionability, and 33 clinicians completing the SAM generated a suitability rating of 87.5%.

CONCLUSIONS

The CVSAP visually highlights individualized care plan components to facilitate optimized preventative and acute CVS care. Further investigation will determine if CVSAP increases caregiver confidence and compliance in home management and improves quality of life and clinical outcomes for patients with CVS.