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Lin YT, Cai YN, Ting TH, Liu L, Zeng CH, Su L, Peng MZ, Li XZ. Diagnosis of an intermediate case of maple syrup urine disease: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:1077-1085. [PMID: 36874425 PMCID: PMC9979284 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i5.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by defects in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). However, the clinical and metabolic screening is limited in identifying all MSUD patients, especially those patients with mild phenotypes or are asymptomatic. This study aims to share the diagnostic experience of an intermediate MSUD case who was missed by metabolic profiling but identified by genetic analysis.
CASE SUMMARY This study reports the diagnostic process of a boy with intermediate MSUD. The proband presented with psychomotor retardation and cerebral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging scans at 8 mo of age. Preliminary clinical and metabolic profiling did not support a specific disease. However, whole exome sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing at 1 year and 7 mo of age identified bi-allelic pathogenic variants of the BCKDHB gene, confirming the proband as having MSUD with non-classic mild phenotypes. His clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively analyzed. According to his disease course, he was classified into an intermediate form of MSUD. His management was then changed to BCAAs restriction and metabolic monitoring conforming to MSUD. In addition, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis were provided to his parents.
CONCLUSION Our work provides diagnostic experience of an intermediate MSUD case, suggesting that a genetic analysis is important for ambiguous cases, and alerts clinicians to avoid missing patients with non-classic mild phenotypes of MSUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ting Lin
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Na Cai
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tzer Hwu Ting
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Hua Zeng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Su
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min-Zhi Peng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong Province, China
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Interictal plasma glutamate levels are elevated in individuals with episodic and chronic migraine. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6921. [PMID: 35484312 PMCID: PMC9050726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is implicated in migraine pathogenesis including central sensitization and pain transmission. Altered plasma glutamate levels has been noted in migraine. Chronic migraine (CM) presented a higher degree of central sensitization and pain transmission than episodic migraine (EM). However, no study has evaluated plasma glutamate levels separately in EM and CM. This study aimed to assess plasma glutamate levels in EM and CM compared to controls. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess plasma glutamate levels in females with EM (n = 98) and CM (n = 92) as well as controls (n = 50). Plasma glutamate levels in participants with EM (median and interquartile range, 49.73 [40.82–66.12] μmol/L, p < 0.001) and CM (58.70 [44.64–72.46] μmol/L, p < 0.001) were significantly higher than those in controls (38.79 [29.50–53.60] μmol/L). Glutamate levels were not significantly different between participants with EM and CM (p = 0.075). There was no significant association of plasma glutamate levels with headache frequency (exponential and 95% confidence interval, 1.285 [0.941–1.755]) and intensity (mild, 59.95 [59.95–59.95] μmol/L vs. moderate, 52.76 [40.83–106.89] μmol/L vs. severe, 55.16 [42.34–68.03] μmol/L, p = 0.472). The plasma glutamate level is a potential indicator for EM and CM.
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Wasim M, Khan HN, Ayesha H, Tawab A, Habib FE, Asi MR, Iqbal M, Awan FR. High levels of blood glutamic acid and ornithine in children with intellectual disability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 68:609-614. [PMID: 36210897 PMCID: PMC9542416 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2020.1858520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Aminoacidopathies are inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) that cause intellectual disability in children. Luckily, aminoacidopathies are potentially treatable, if diagnosed earlier in life. The focus of this study was the screening of aminoacidopathies in a cohort of patients suspected for IEMs. Methods: Blood samples from healthy (IQ > 90; n = 391) and intellectually disabled (IQ < 70; n = 409) children (suspected for IEMs) were collected from different areas of Northern Punjab, Pakistan. An analytical HPLC assay was used for the screening of plasma amino acids. Results: All the samples (n = 800) were analyzed on HPLC and forty-three out of 409 patient samples showed abnormal amino acid profiles mainly in the levels of glutamic acid, ornithine and methionine. Plasma concentration (Mean ± SD ng/mL) were significantly high in 40 patients for glutamic acid (patients: 165 ± 38 vs. controls: 57 ± 8, p < 0.00001) and ornithine (patients: 3177 ± 937 vs. controls: 1361 ± 91, p < 0.0001). Moreover, 3 patients showed abnormally high (53.3 ± 8.6 ng/mL) plasma levels of methionine. Conclusion: In conclusion, biochemical analysis of samples from such patients at the metabolites level could reveal the underlying diseases which could be confirmed through advanced biochemical and genetic analyses. Thus, treatment to some of such patients could be offered. Thus burden of intellectual disability caused by such rare metabolic diseases could be reduced from the target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wasim
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Khan
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Hina Ayesha
- Department of Pediatrics, DHQ/Allied Hospitals, Punjab Medical College (PMC, Faisalabad Medical University (FMU), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Tawab
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Fazal e Habib
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
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Peng MZ, Cai YN, Shao YX, Zhao L, Jiang MY, Lin YT, Yin X, Sheng HY, Liu L. Simultaneous quantification of 48 plasma amino acids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to investigate urea cycle disorders. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:406-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Jiang X, Liu H, Shao Y, Peng M, Zhang W, Li D, Li X, Cai Y, Tan T, Lu X, Xu J, Su X, Lin Y, Liu Z, Huang Y, Zeng C, Tang YP, Liu L. A novel GTPCH deficiency mouse model exhibiting tetrahydrobiopterin-related metabolic disturbance and infancy-onset motor impairments. Metabolism 2019; 94:96-104. [PMID: 30742839 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) deficiency could impair the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin and causes metabolic diseases involving phenylalanine catabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, nitric oxide production and so on. Though improvements could be achieved by tetrahydrobiopterin and neurotransmitter precursor levodopa supplementation, residual motor and mental deficits remain in some patients. An appropriate GTPCH deficiency animal model with clinical symptoms, especially the motor impairments, is still not available for mechanism and therapy studies yet. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS To investigate whether the heterozygous GTPCH missense mutation p.Leu117Arg identified from a patient with severe infancy-onset dopa-responsive motor impairments is causative and establish a clinical relevant GTPCH deficiency mouse model, we generated a mouse mutant mimicking this missense mutation using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Series of characterization experiments on the heterozygous and homozygous mutants were conducted. RESULTS The expressions of GTPCH were not significantly changed in the mutants, but the enzyme activities were impaired in the homozygous mutants. BH4 reduction and phenylalanine accumulation were observed both in the liver and brain of the homozygous mutants. Severer metabolic disturbance occurred in the brain than in the liver. Significant reduction of neurotransmitter dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin was observed in the brains of homozygous mutants. Live-born homozygous mutants exhibited infancy-onset motor and vocalization deficits similar to the disease symptoms observed in the patient, while no obvious symptoms were observed in the young heterozygous mutant mice. With benserazide-levodopa treatment, survival of the homozygous mutants was improved but not completely rescued. CONCLUSIONS The GTPCH p.Leu117Arg missense mutation is deleterious and could cause tetrahydrobiopterin, phenylalanine and neurotransmitter metabolic disturbances and infancy-onset motor dysfunctions recessively. This is the first GTPCH deficiency mouse model which could be live-born and exhibits significant motor impairments. The different extents of BH4 reduction and phenylalanine accumulation observed between liver and brain in response to GTPCH deficiency gives potential new insights into the vulnerability of brain to GTPCH deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Yongxian Shao
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Mingzhi Peng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Duan Li
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Yanna Cai
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Ting Tan
- Lab of Neural Development and Behavior Genetics, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Xinshuo Lu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Jianan Xu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Xueying Su
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Yunting Lin
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Zongcai Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Yonglan Huang
- Department of Neonatal Screening, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Chunhua Zeng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Ya-Ping Tang
- Lab of Neural Development and Behavior Genetics, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.
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Age-Related Reference Intervals for Blood Amino Acids in Thai Pediatric Population Measured by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:5124035. [PMID: 29854440 PMCID: PMC5960525 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5124035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age, race, and analytic method influence levels of blood amino acids, of which reference intervals are required for the diagnosis and management of inherited metabolic disorders. Objectives To establish age-specific reference intervals for blood amino acids in Thai pediatric population measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods A cross-sectional study of 277 healthy children from birth to 12 years was conducted. Anthropometric, clinical, and dietary information were recorded. Dried blood spots on a filtered paper were used for measurement by derivatized LC-MS/MS. Factors that might affect amino acids such as fasting time and dietary intake were analyzed using quantile regression analysis. Results Levels of thirteen blood amino acids were reported as median and interval from 2.5th–97.5th percentiles. Compared with those of Caucasian, most blood amino acid levels of Thai children were higher. Compared with a previous study using HPLC in Thai children, many amino acid levels are different. Glycine, alanine, leucine/isoleucine, and glutamic acid sharply decreased after birth. Citrulline, arginine, and methionine stayed low from birth throughout childhood, whereas phenylalanine was at middle level and slightly increased during preadolescence. Conclusion Reference intervals of age-specific blood amino acids using LC-MS/MS were established in the Thai pediatric population. They diverge from previous studies, substantiating the recommendation that, for the optimal clinical practice, age-specific reference intervals of amino acids should be designated for the particular population and analysis method.
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Abstract
Background Glutamate has been implicated in migraine pathogenesis, and is elevated in the plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva in migraineurs. However, no comparison of glutamate levels among chronic migraine, episodic migraine and controls has been reported. The aim is to compare salivary glutamate levels of individuals with chronic migraine with those of individuals with episodic migraine and healthy controls. Methods We investigated salivary glutamate level of 46 women with chronic migraine, 50 women with episodic migraine, and 19 healthy controls via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results The salivary glutamate level of the chronic migraine group (median and interquartile range, 20.47 [15.27–30.15] pmol/mg total protein) was significantly higher than those of the episodic migraine (16.17 [12.81–20.15] pmol/mg total protein, p = 0.008) and control (12.18 [9.40–16.24] pmol/mg total protein, p = 0.001) groups. The salivary glutamate level of the episodic migraine group was marginally elevated from that of the control group (post hoc p = 0.016). Thresholds of 16.58 and 17.94 pmol/mg total protein optimize the sensitivity and specificity to differentiate chronic migraine participants from healthy controls and episodic migraine participants, respectively. Conclusions Salivary glutamate level was elevated in chronic migraine participants. These data suggest that salivary glutamate level could be an indicator of CM
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Jørgenrud B, Stene LC, Tapia G, Bøås H, Pepaj M, Berg JP, Thorsby PM, Orešič M, Hyötyläinen T, Rønningen KS. Longitudinal plasma metabolic profiles, infant feeding, and islet autoimmunity in the MIDIA study. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:111-119. [PMID: 26791677 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal plasma metabolic profiles in healthy infants and the potential association with breastfeeding duration and islet autoantibodies predictive of type 1 diabetes. METHOD Up to four longitudinal plasma samples from age 3 months from case children who developed islet autoimmunity (n = 29) and autoantibody-negative control children (n = 29) with the HLA DR4-DQ8/DR3-DQ2 genotype were analyzed using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for detection of small polar metabolites. RESULTS Plasma metabolite levels were found to depend strongly on age, with fold changes varying up to 50% from age 3 to 24 months (p < 0.001 after correction for multiple testing). Tyrosine levels tended to be lower in case children, but this was not significant after correction for multiple testing. Ornithine levels were lower in case children compared with the controls at the time of seroconversion, but the difference was not statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing. Breastfeeding for at least 3 months as compared with shorter duration was associated with higher plasma levels of isoleucine, and lower levels of methionine and 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid at 3 months of age. CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of several small, polar metabolites changed with age during early childhood, independent of later islet autoimmunity status and sex. Breastfeeding was associated with higher levels of branched-chain amino acids, and lower levels of methionine and 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Jørgenrud
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars C Stene
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - German Tapia
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Bøås
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milaim Pepaj
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens P Berg
- Division of Diagnostic and Intervention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per M Thorsby
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matej Orešič
- Systems Medicine Department, Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Systems Medicine Department, Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kjersti S Rønningen
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Zitka O, Heger Z, Kominkova M, Skalickova S, Krizkova S, Adam V, Kizek R. Preconcentration based on paramagnetic microparticles for the separation of sarcosine using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with coulometric detection. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:465-575. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Kominkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Skalickova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Sona Krizkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Agronomy; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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