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Asin J, Calvete C, Uzal FA, Crossley BM, Duarte MD, Henderson EE, Abade dos Santos F. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2, 2010-2023: a review of global detections and affected species. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:617-637. [PMID: 39344909 PMCID: PMC11457751 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241260281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2/genotype GI.2 (RHDV2/GI.2; Caliciviridae, Lagovirus) causes a highly contagious disease with hepatic necrosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation in several Leporidae species. RHDV2 was first detected in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in France in 2010 and has since spread widely. We gather here data on viral detections reported in various countries and affected species, and discuss pathology, genetic differences, and novel diagnostic aspects. RHDV2 has been detected almost globally, with cases reported in Europe, Africa, Oceania, Asia, and North America as of 2023. Since 2020, large scale outbreaks have occurred in the United States and Mexico and, at the same time, cases have been reported for the first time in previously unaffected countries, such as China, Japan, Singapore, and South Africa, among others. Detections have been notified in domestic and wild European rabbits, hares and jackrabbits (Lepus spp.), several species of cottontail and brush rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.), pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis), and red rock rabbits (Pronolagus spp.). RHDV2 has also been detected in a few non-lagomorph species. Detection of RHDV2 causing RHD in Sylvilagus spp. and Leporidae species other than those in the genera Oryctolagus and Lepus is very novel. The global spread of this fast-evolving RNA virus into previously unexploited geographic areas increases the likelihood of host range expansion as new species are exposed; animals may also be infected by nonpathogenic caliciviruses that are disseminated by almost all species, and with which genetic recombination may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Asin
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California–Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Calvete
- Animal Science Department, Agri-Food Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Agri-Food Institute of Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco A. Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California–Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Eileen E. Henderson
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California–Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Fábio Abade dos Santos
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University, Lisboa, Portugal
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Mazza G, Mori E. Solitary, in the night, it goes: summary of records and range expansion of the common genet in Italy. MAMMALIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2022-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The common genet Genetta genetta is a small carnivoran mammal with a wide distribution range covering most of Africa. This species has been introduced to the Iberian Peninsula over 1000 years ago, and then it has spread throughout most of France, reaching Switzerland and North-Western Italy. In this note, we summarised the distribution of the common genet, in Italy, by reviewing grey/scientific literature and records available on online citizen-science platforms. We collected a total of 39 confirmed records, mainly from latrines and killed individuals, which showed that the species, present almost during all the year, has increased its range since the previous summary of 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mazza
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA – DC) , Via Lanciola 12/a, 50125 , Cascine del Riccio (Firenze) , Italy
| | - Emiliano Mori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri – Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 , Sesto Fiorentino (FI) , Italy
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Panzeri M, Mazza G, Bisi F, Mori E. Patterns of spatiotemporal activity of an alien lagomorph inferred through camera-trapping. MAMMAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-021-00557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Manenti R, Mori E, Di Canio V, Mercurio S, Picone M, Caffi M, Brambilla M, Ficetola GF, Rubolini D. The good, the bad and the ugly of COVID-19 lockdown effects on wildlife conservation: Insights from the first European locked down country. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 2020; 249:108728. [PMID: 32863391 PMCID: PMC7441970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic zoonosis has determined extensive lockdowns worldwide that provide an unprecedented opportunity to understand how large-scale shifts of human activities can impact wildlife. We addressed the impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on wildlife in Italy, the first European country that performed a countrywide lockdown, and identified potentially beneficial and negative consequences for wildlife conservation and management. We combined a qualitative analysis of social media information with field data from multiple taxa, data from citizen science projects, and questionnaires addressed to managers of protected areas. Both social media information and field data suggest that a reduction of human disturbance allowed wildlife to exploit new habitats and increase daily activity. The field data confirmed some positive effects on wildlife conservation, such as an increase in species richness in temporarily less-disturbed habitats, a higher breeding success of an aerial insectivorous bird, and reduction of road-killing of both amphibians and reptiles. Despite some positive effects, our data also highlighted several negative impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on wildlife. The lower human disturbance linked to lockdown was in fact beneficial for invasive alien species. Results from questionnaires addressed to managers of protected areas highlighted that the COVID-19 lockdown interrupted actions for the control of invasive alien species, and hampered conservation activities targeting threatened taxa. Furthermore, the reduction of enforcement could cause a surge of illegal killing of wildlife. The COVID-19 crisis, besides having deep socio-economic impacts, might profoundly affect wildlife conservation, with potentially long-lasting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Manenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Emiliano Mori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Viola Di Canio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Mercurio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Picone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 55, I-30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Mario Caffi
- Osservatorio Ornitologico Pianura Bresciana 'Padernello', via Cavour 1, I-25022 Borgo San Giacomo, BS, Italy
| | - Mattia Brambilla
- Fondazione Lombardia per l'Ambiente, Settore biodiversità e aree protette, Largo 10 luglio 1976 1, I-20822 Seveso, MB, Italy
- Museo delle Scienze, Sezione di Zoologia dei Vertebrati, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, I-38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Rue de la Piscine 2233, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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Tizzani P, Andrade D, Molinar Min AR, Peano A, Meneguz PG. Does the Introduction of Alien Species Represent a Sanitary Threat for Native Species? The Case of the Eastern Cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus in Italy. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E142. [PMID: 32781792 PMCID: PMC7460202 DOI: 10.3390/life10080142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of alien species is a well-known threat to biodiversity. Where newly introduced, alien species may pose a risk for the local ecological community by competing for resources or by introducing pathogens. Sylvilagus floridanus is an American lagomorph introduced into Europe in the second half of 20th century, for hunting. This study evaluated the structure and epidemiological characteristics of the gastrointestinal parasite community in an introduced population of S. floridanus in the Province of Alessandria (Piedmont Region-Italy). Three alien parasites were reported out of 271 animals: Obeliscoides cuniculi in the stomach, Trichostrongylus calcaratus in the small intestine, and Passarulus nonnanulatus in the large intestine. All these nematodes are commonly reported in S. floridanus in its natural range, but they represent alien species in Europe. The report of these alien parasites is an example of the unexpected consequences caused by the introduction of non-native vertebrates. The documented introduction of new pathogens may alter the parasite community of the native lagomorphs, with possible long-term effects on local ecological dynamics.
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Lovari S, Fattorini N, Calosi M, Cozzi F, Gabbrielli C, Giari C, Torniai L, Romeo G, Mori E. Spatial behaviour of the Apennine hare: Are females territorial? Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Lovari
- Department of Life Sciences University of Siena Siena Italy
- Maremma Natural History Museum Grosseto Italy
| | | | - Martina Calosi
- Department of Life Sciences University of Siena Siena Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Giari
- Department of Life Sciences University of Siena Siena Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Romeo
- Wildlife Section Tuscan Regional Council Grosseto Italy
| | - Emiliano Mori
- Department of Life Sciences University of Siena Siena Italy
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