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Chen J, Liu K, Vadas MA, Gamble JR, McCaughan GW. The Role of the MiR-181 Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2024; 13:1289. [PMID: 39120319 PMCID: PMC11311592 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the high mortality rate in HCC patients, discovering and developing novel systemic treatment options for HCC is a vital unmet medical need. Among the numerous molecular alterations in HCCs, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly recognised to play critical roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. We and others have recently revealed that members of the microRNA-181 (miR-181) family were up-regulated in some, though not all, human cirrhotic and HCC tissues-this up-regulation induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocytes and tumour cells, promoting HCC progression. MiR-181s play crucial roles in governing the fate and function of various cells, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, and tumour cells. Previous reviews have extensively covered these aspects in detail. This review aims to give some insights into miR-181s, their targets and roles in modulating signal transduction pathways, factors regulating miR-181 expression and function, and their roles in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Chen
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Cancer Innovations Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Ken Liu
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Cancer Innovations Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mathew A. Vadas
- Vascular Biology Program, Healthy Ageing Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.A.V.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Jennifer R. Gamble
- Vascular Biology Program, Healthy Ageing Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.A.V.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Geoffrey W. McCaughan
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Cancer Innovations Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Tian P, Deng J, Ma C, Miershali A, Maimaitirexiati G, Yan Q, Liu Y, Maimaiti H, Li Y, Zhou C, Ren J, Ding L, Li R. CBX7 is involved in the progression of cervical cancer through the ITGβ3/TGFβ1/AKT pathway. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:14. [PMID: 38028179 PMCID: PMC10664064 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromobox protein homolog 7 (CBX7) serves a tumor-suppressive role in human malignant neoplasias. The downregulation of CBX7 is associated with the poor prognosis and aggressiveness of various human cancers. However, the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of CBX7 in cervical cancer remain unclear. The present study investigated the role and mechanism of CBX7 in cervical cancer. Lentivirus and siRNA were used to construct cervical cancer cells with stable CBX7 knockdown and SiHa xenograft models. The cell growth, migration, invasion and apoptosis were observed through in vivo and in vitro experiments. The expression levels of CBX7, integrin β3 (ITGβ3), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, E-cadherin (E-cad) and vimentin (VIM) were detected by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The correlation between CBX7 and these genes was analyzed. TGFβ1 was also silenced through shRNA in cells with stable CBX7 knockdown to detect its effect on cell growth, invasion and apoptosis, and on pathway-related gene expression. It was revealed that knockdown of CBX7 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells, and inhibited apoptosis. In addition, CBX7 knockdown promoted tumor growth in vivo. Correlation analysis demonstrated that CBX7 was negatively correlated with ITGβ3, TGFβ1, PI3K, AKT, phosphorylated AKT and VIM, but positively correlated with E-cad. Moreover, the knockdown of TGFβ1 reversed the promotion of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis induced by CBX7 knockdown and attenuated the increase of ITGβ3, TGFβ1, PI3K, AKT and VIM caused by CBX7 knockdown. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that the downregulation of CBX7 enhances cell migration and invasion while inhibiting cell apoptosis in cervical cancer by modulating the ITGβ3/TGFβ1/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jinglan Deng
- College of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Cailing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Ainipa Miershali
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Gulikezi Maimaitirexiati
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yating Liu
- College of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hatimihan Maimaiti
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Changhui Zhou
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jingqin Ren
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Lu Ding
- Postdoctoral Research Center on Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
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Liao D, Liu X, He L, Yao Y, Yuan X, Feng P, Li C, Liu Y. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the expression, prognostic value, and immune infiltration of chromobox family members in cervical cancer. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:468-477. [PMID: 37009012 PMCID: PMC10008395 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.64845.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most prevalent type of cancer in women worldwide and it is considered the leading cause of tumor-related death and malignancy. As part of complexes involved in epigenetic control, the proteins of the chromobox (CBX) family have been found to have a role in the growth of malignancies by preventing differentiation and increasing proliferation. Here, by a thorough investigation, we investigated the expression, prognostic significance, and immune infiltration of CBX in patients with CC. Materials and Methods Differential expression, clinicopathological parameters, immune cell infiltration, enrichment analysis, genetic alteration, and prognostic value of CBXs in patients with CC were examined using TIMER, Metascape, STRING, GeneMANIA, cBioPortal, UALCAN, The Human Protein Atlas, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and Oncomine. Results In CC tissues, CBX 2/3/4/5 and CBX 8 expression levels were considerably higher, whereas CBX 6/7 expression levels were lower. In CC, the CBX 5/6/8 promoters have elevated levels of methylation. The expression of CBX 2/6/8 and the pathological stage were connected. A 37% mutation rate of the differentially expressed CBX genes was observed. Also, there was a strong correlation of the CBXs expression with immune cell infiltration, such as T CD4+ cells, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, T CD8+ cells, and dendritic cells. Conclusion The investigation discovered that members of the CBXs family may be therapeutic targets for CC patients and may play significant roles in the development of CC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liao
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
| | - Limei He
- Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhong Yao
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
| | - Xiuying Yuan
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
| | - Poling Feng
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
| | - Cuifen Li
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
- Corresponding authors: Cuifen Li. Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Tel/Fax: +86-076981368279; ; Yanyan Liu. Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Tel/Fax: + 86-076981368278;
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s
- Corresponding authors: Cuifen Li. Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Tel/Fax: +86-076981368279; ; Yanyan Liu. Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Tel/Fax: + 86-076981368278;
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Effects of Fractionated Radiation Exposure on Vimentin Expression in Cervical Cancers: Analysis of Association with Cancer Stem Cell Response and Short-Term Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043271. [PMID: 36834676 PMCID: PMC9960894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the mechanisms for the response of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to radiation exposure is of considerable interest for further improvement of radio- and chemoradiotherapy of cervical cancer (CC). The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of fractionated radiation exposure on the expression of vimentin, which is one of the end-stage markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and analyze its association with CSC radiation response and short-term prognosis of CC patients. The level of vimentin expression was determined in HeLa, SiHa cell lines, and scrapings from the cervix of 46 CC patients before treatment and after irradiation at a total dose of 10 Gy using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. The number of CSCs was assessed using flow cytometry. Significant correlations were shown between vimentin expression and postradiation changes in CSC numbers in both cell lines (R = 0.88, p = 0.04 for HeLa and R = 0.91, p = 0.01 for SiHa) and cervical scrapings (R = 0.45, p = 0.008). Associations were found at the level of tendency between postradiation increase in vimentin expression and unfavorable clinical outcome 3-6 months after treatment. The results clarify some of the relationships between EMT, CSCs, and therapeutic resistance that are needed to develop new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Wang J, Yang B, Zhang X, Liu S, Pan X, Ma C, Ma S, Yu D, Wu W. Chromobox proteins in cancer: Multifaceted functions and strategies for modulation (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:36. [PMID: 36734270 PMCID: PMC9937689 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromobox (CBX) proteins are important epigenetic regulatory proteins and are widely involved in biological processes, such as embryonic development, the maintenance of stem cell characteristics and the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Disorder and dysfunction of CBXs in cancer usually lead to the blockade or ectoptic activation of developmental pathways, promoting the occurrence, development and progression of cancer. In the present review, the characteristics and functions of CBXs were first introduced. Subsequently, the expression of CBXs in cancers and the relationship between CBXs and clinical characteristics (mainly cancer grade, stage, metastasis and relapse) and prognosis were discussed. Finally, it was described how CBXs regulate cell proliferation and self‑renewal, apoptosis and the acquisition of malignant phenotypes, such as invasion, migration and chemoresistance, through mechanisms involving epigenetic modification, nuclear translocation, noncoding RNA interactions, transcriptional regulation, posttranslational modifications, protein‑protein interactions, signal transduction and metabolic reprogramming. The study also focused on cancer therapies targeting CBXs. The present review provides new insight and a comprehensive basis for follow‑up research on CBXs and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhang Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Pan
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Changkai Ma
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shiqiang Ma
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Department of Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China,Professor Dehai Yu, Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Wei Wu, Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Hou J, Yang Y, Gao H, Ouyang T, Liu Q, Ding R, Kan H. Systematic investigation of the clinical significance and prognostic value of the CBXs in esophageal cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30888. [PMID: 36221371 PMCID: PMC9542684 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (ESCA), one of the most aggressive malignant tumors, has been announced to be the ninth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Chromobox family members (CBXs) are important epigenetic regulators which are related with the transcription of target genes. The role of CBXs in carcinomas has been reported in many studies. However, the function and prognostic value of different CBXs in ESCA are still largely unknown. In this article, we first performed differential expression analysis through several methods including Oncomine and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. The results led us to determine the differential expression of CBXs in pan-cancer, especially ESCA. Then we evaluated the prognostic value of different CBX messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in patients with ESCA through the Kaplan-Meier plotter and the Human Protein Atlas database. In addition, we used cBioPortal to explore all genetic alterations and mutations in the CBXs in ESCA. Simultaneously, the correlation between its expression and the level of immune infiltration of ESCA was visualized by TIMER. Finally, the biological function of CBXs in ESCA is obtained through Biological Enrichment Analysis including gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The expression levels of CBX3/4/5 and CBX8 in ESCA tissues increased significantly and the expression level of CBX7 decreased through differential expression analysis. Additionally, CBX1 is significantly related to the clinical cancer stage and disease-free survival of ESCA patients. The high mRNA expression of CBX4 is related to the short overall survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and the high mRNA expression of CBX3/7/8 is related to the short overall survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, indicating that CBX1/3/4/7/8 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for the survival of ESCA patients. Besides, the expression of CBXs is significantly related to the infiltration of a variety of immune cells, including six types of CD4-positive T-lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, bursindependentlymphocyte, CD8-positive T-lymphocytes cells and dendritic cells in ESCA. Moreover, we found that CBXs are mainly associated with the inhibition of cell cycle and apoptosis pathway. Further, enrichment analysis indicated that CBXs and correlated genes were enriched in mismatch repair, DNA replication, cancer pathways, and spliceosomes. Our research may provide new insights into the choice of prognosis biomarkers of the CBXs in ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hou
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Computer Application Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Honglei Gao
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Ding
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongxing Kan
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Computer Application Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei, China
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Chromobox Homologue 7 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Both Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Inhibiting ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4952185. [PMID: 35646140 PMCID: PMC9135519 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4952185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chromobox homologue 7 (CBX7) is a member of the polycomb group family that plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular processes in human cancers. This study aims to explore the function and underlying molecular mechanisms of CBX7 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). The expression of CBX7 in LUAD and LUSC tissues was analyzed by UALCAN and GEPIA based on the TCGA database. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Cell migration and invasion were detected by transwell assay. The functions of downregulated genes in LUAD were enriched via GO and KEGG pathway analyses. The mRNA expression of CBX7, ERK1/2, and p38 was determined by qRT-PCR, and the protein levels of CBX7, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p38, and p-p38 were measured by Western blotting. Tumor xenograft model was established to validate the antitumor effect of CBX7. The expression of CBX7 and Ki-67 in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. CBX7 was downregulated in the tissues and cells of both LUAD and LUSC. Low CBX7 expression was associated with a poor overall survival rate in LUAD patients. CBX7 overexpression inhibited the viability, migration, and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of LUAD and LUSC cells. In addition, the downregulated genes in LUAD were enriched in MAPK cascade (GO) and MAPK signaling pathway (KEGG). ERK/MAPK pathway was then determined as a downstream target of CBX7, which was inhibited by CBX7 overexpression in LUAD and LUSC cells. The overexpression of CBX7 inhibited the malignant progression of LUAD and LUSC cells probably via suppressing the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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