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Cristea S, Niculescu MD, Perisoara A, Ivan E, Stanca M, Alexe CA, Tihauan BM, Olariu L. Germination Study of Some Protein-Based Gels Obtained from By-Products from the Leather Industry on Tomato and Pepper Seeds. Gels 2024; 10:75. [PMID: 38275849 PMCID: PMC10815242 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the biostimulant effects of three protein-based gels, GHC 1-B (20% gelatin (GPU-B) obtained by thermal hydrolysis from residual untanned leather and 80% collagen hydrolysates (HCE-B) obtained by alkaline-enzymatic hydrolysis from residual bovine-tanned leather), GHC 2-B (40% keratin hydrolysate (HKU-B) obtained by alkaline-enzymatic hydrolysis from sheep wool + 40% HCE-B + 20% GPU-B), and GHC 3-B (20% GPU-B + 80% hydrolyzed collagen (HPU-B) obtained by thermal and enzymatic hydrolysis from residual untanned leather). A germination study was carried out on pepper and tomato seeds at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 10%. As a result of the study, it was found that all three protein-based gels showed a stimulatory effect on the tomato seeds at a 1% concentration, where the Gi (germination index) was ˂100%. The GHC 2-B variant had the highest stimulatory effect (Gi-190.23%). Pepper seeds have proven to be more sensitive to the gel's composition. The concentration at which it proved to be non-inhibitory (Gi-88.29%) was 1% in the case of GHC 2-B. It was found that the presence of hydrolyzed keratin in the composition can be a plus compared to the other two protein gels tested due to its composition, which is richer in phytonutrient compounds (e.g., sulfur molecules).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelica Cristea
- Plant Pathology Departament, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (S.C.); (E.I.)
| | - Mihaela-Doina Niculescu
- Leather Research Department, Research and Development National Institute for Textiles and Leather-Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93, Ion Minulescu Str., 031215 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-D.N.); (M.S.); (C.-A.A.)
| | - Alina Perisoara
- Plant Pathology Departament, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (S.C.); (E.I.)
| | - Elena Ivan
- Plant Pathology Departament, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (S.C.); (E.I.)
| | - Maria Stanca
- Leather Research Department, Research and Development National Institute for Textiles and Leather-Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93, Ion Minulescu Str., 031215 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-D.N.); (M.S.); (C.-A.A.)
| | - Cosmin-Andrei Alexe
- Leather Research Department, Research and Development National Institute for Textiles and Leather-Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93, Ion Minulescu Str., 031215 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-D.N.); (M.S.); (C.-A.A.)
| | - Bianca-Maria Tihauan
- Research Institute, University of Bucharest-ICUB, Splaiul Independenţei, No. 95, District 5, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Laura Olariu
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania;
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