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Proctor CR, Taggart MG, O'Hagan BM, McCarron PA, McCarthy RR, Ternan NG. Furanone loaded aerogels are effective antibiofilm therapeutics in a model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection. Biofilm 2023; 5:100128. [PMID: 37223215 PMCID: PMC10200818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 80% of chronic wounds have a bacterial biofilm present. These wound biofilms are caused by a range of organisms and are often polymicrobial. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causative organisms in wound infections and readily forms biofilms in wounds. To coordinate this, P. aeruginosa uses a process known as quorum sensing. Structural homologues of the quorum sensing signalling molecules have been used to disrupt this communication and prevent biofilm formation by Pseudomonas. However, these compounds have not yet reached clinical use. Here, we report the production and characterisation of a lyophilised PVA aerogel for use in delivering furanones to wound biofilms. PVA aerogels successfully release a model antimicrobial and two naturally occurring furanones in an aqueous environment. Furanone loaded aerogels inhibited biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa by up to 98.80%. Further, furanone loaded aerogels successfully reduced total biomass of preformed biofilms. Treatment with a sotolon loaded aerogel yielded a 5.16 log reduction in viable biofilm bound cells in a novel model of chronic wound biofilm, equivalent to the current wound therapy Aquacel AG. These results highlight the potential utility of aerogels in drug delivery to infected wounds and supports the use of biofilm inhibitory compounds as wound therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R. Proctor
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Megan G. Taggart
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Barry M.G. O'Hagan
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paul A. McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ronan R. McCarthy
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Nigel G. Ternan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
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2
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de Castro R, Kandhola G, Kim JW, Moore QC, Thompson AK. Fabrication of Chitosan/PEGDA Bionanocomposites for Enhanced Drug Encapsulation and Release Efficiency. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5532-5542. [PMID: 37774674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) have evolved in the last decades with the development of hydrogels and particles. However, challenges such as high systemic uptake, side effects, low bioavailability, and encapsulation efficiency continue to be significant hurdles faced by such DDSs. Particles and hydrogels can be specifically designed for targeted DDSs to mitigate some of these problems. This study developed chitosan (Cs) particles (Ps) and composite films using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as a copolymer to encapsulate gentamicin (GtS) for drug delivery. We demonstrated that lysozyme degrades the chitosan β-1,4 glycosidic bonds to release GtS. PEGDA increased drug encapsulation efficiency by shielding the repelling forces of like charges between Cs and GtS. The data show that PEGDA does not hinder enzymatic degradation while increasing drug encapsulation efficiency and producing more homogeneous particles. Additionally, we utilized Michael's reaction to cross-link Cs, CsPs, and PEGDA to produce a film designed for drug delivery. The film is an anchor for CsPs to prevent premature drug release. The cross-linking of Cs and PEGDA does not affect lysozyme activity, and CsPs could successfully release GtS without affecting GtS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel de Castro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Gurshagan Kandhola
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Institute for Nanoscience & Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Institute for Nanoscience & Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Quincy C Moore
- Department of Biology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas 77446, United States
| | - Audie K Thompson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
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3
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Siraj EA, Yayehrad AT, Belete A. How Combined Macrolide Nanomaterials are Effective Against Resistant Pathogens? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5289-5307. [PMID: 37732155 PMCID: PMC10508284 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s418588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolide drugs are among the broad-spectrum antibiotics that are considered as "miracle drugs" against infectious diseases that lead to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Nevertheless, their effectiveness is currently at risk owing to the presence of devastating, antimicrobial-resistant microbes. In view of this challenge, nanotechnology-driven innovations are currently being anticipated for promising approaches to overcome antimicrobial resistance. Nowadays, various nanostructures are being developed for the delivery of antimicrobials to counter drug-resistant microbial strains through different mechanisms. Metallic nanoparticle-based delivery of macrolides, particularly using silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs & AuNPs), demonstrated a promising outcome with worthy stability, oxidation resistance, and biocompatibility. Similarly, macrolide-conjugated magnetic NPs resulted in an augmented antimicrobial activity and reduced bacterial cell viability against resistant microbes. Liposomal delivery of macrolides also showed favorable synergistic antimicrobial activities in vitro against resistant strains. Loading macrolide drugs into various polymeric nanomaterials resulted in an enhanced zone of inhibition. Intercalated nanomaterials also conveyed an outstanding macrolide delivery characteristic with efficient targeting and controlled drug release against infectious microbes. This review abridges several nano-based delivery approaches for macrolide drugs along with their recent achievements, challenges, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Abdela Siraj
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ashagrachew Tewabe Yayehrad
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belete
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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4
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Effect of Saccharides Coating on Antibacterial Potential and Drug Loading and Releasing Capability of Plasma Treated Polylactic Acid Films. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158821. [PMID: 35955952 PMCID: PMC9369226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More than half of the hospital-associated infections worldwide are related to the adhesion of bacteria cells to biomedical devices and implants. To prevent these infections, it is crucial to modify biomaterial surfaces to develop the antibacterial property. In this study, chitosan (CS) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) were chosen as antibacterial coating materials on polylactic acid (PLA) surfaces. Plasma-treated PLA surfaces were coated with CS either direct coating method or the carbodiimide coupling method. As a next step for the combined saccharide coating, CS grafted samples were immersed in ChS solution, which resulted in the polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) formation. Also in this experiment, to test the drug loading and releasing efficiency of the thin film coatings, CS grafted samples were immersed into lomefloxacin-containing ChS solution. The successful modifications were confirmed by elemental composition analysis (XPS), surface topography images (SEM), and hydrophilicity change (contact angle measurements). The carbodiimide coupling resulted in higher CS grafting on the PLA surface. The coatings with the PEC formation between CS-ChS showed improved activity against the bacteria strains than the separate coatings. Moreover, these interactions increased the lomefloxacin amount adhered to the film coatings and extended the drug release profile. Finally, the zone of inhibition test confirmed that the CS-ChS coating showed a contact killing mechanism while drug-loaded films have a dual killing mechanism, which includes contact, and release killing.
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5
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Guzel Kaya G, Aznar E, Deveci H, Martínez-Máñez R. Aerogels as promising materials for antibacterial applications: a mini-review. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7034-7048. [PMID: 34636816 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing cases of bacterial infections originating from resistant bacteria are a serious problem globally and many approaches have been developed for different purposes to treat bacterial infections. Aerogels are a novel class of smart porous materials composed of three-dimensional networks. Recently, aerogels with the advantages of ultra-low density, high porosity, tunable particle and pore sizes, and biocompatibility have been regarded as promising carriers for the design of delivery systems. Recently, aerogels have also been provided with antibacterial activity through loading of antibacterial agents, incorporation of metal/metal oxides and via surface functionalization and coating with various functional groups. In this mini-review, the synthesis of aerogels from both conventional and low-cost precursors is reported and examples of aerogels displaying antibacterial properties are summarized. As a result, it is clear that the encouraging antibacterial performance of aerogels promotes their use in many antibacterial applications, especially in the food industry, pharmaceutics and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcihan Guzel Kaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Elena Aznar
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad Mixta UPC-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina. Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Huseyin Deveci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad Mixta UPC-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina. Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Flores ME, Ancalaf D, Rolleri A, Nishide H, Lisoni JG, Moreno‐Villoslada I. Porous polyelectrolyte materials with controlled luminescence properties based on aromatic‐aromatic interactions with rhodamine B. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario E. Flores
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Daniel Ancalaf
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Aldo Rolleri
- Instituto de Bosques y Sociedad, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University Tokyo Japan
| | - Judit G. Lisoni
- NM MultiMat, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
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Takeshita S, Zhao S, Malfait WJ, Koebel MM. Chemie der Chitosan‐Aerogele: Lenkung der dreidimensionalen Poren für maßgeschneiderte Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takeshita
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi 3058565 Tsukuba Japan
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
| | - Wim J. Malfait
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
| | - Matthias M. Koebel
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
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8
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Guastaferro M, Reverchon E, Baldino L. Agarose, Alginate and Chitosan Nanostructured Aerogels for Pharmaceutical Applications: A Short Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:688477. [PMID: 34055766 PMCID: PMC8149959 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.688477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this short review, drug delivery systems, formed by polysaccharide-based (i.e., agarose, alginate, and chitosan) aerogels, are analyzed. In particular, the main papers, published in the period 2011-2020 in this research field, have been investigated and critically discussed, in order to highlight strengths and weaknesses of the traditional production techniques (e.g., freeze-drying and air evaporation) of bio-aerogels with respect to supercritical CO2 assisted drying. Supercritical CO2 assisted drying demonstrated to be a promising technique to produce nanostructured bio-aerogels that maintain the starting gel volume and shape, when the solvent removal occurs at negligible surface tension. This characteristic, coupled with the possibility of removing also cross-linking agent residues from the aerogels, makes these advanced devices safe and suitable as carriers for controlled drug delivery applications.
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9
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Takeshita S, Zhao S, Malfait WJ, Koebel MM. Chemistry of Chitosan Aerogels: Three‐Dimensional Pore Control for Tailored Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:9828-9851. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takeshita
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi 3058565 Tsukuba Japan
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Wim J. Malfait
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Matthias M. Koebel
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
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10
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Yahya EB, Jummaat F, Amirul AA, Adnan AS, Olaiya NG, Abdullah CK, Rizal S, Mohamad Haafiz MK, Khalil HPSA. A Review on Revolutionary Natural Biopolymer-Based Aerogels for Antibacterial Delivery. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E648. [PMID: 32998197 PMCID: PMC7601537 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A biopolymer-based aerogel has been developed to become one of the most potentially utilized materials in different biomedical applications. The biopolymer-based aerogel has unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties and these properties are used in tissue engineering, biosensing, diagnostic, medical implant and drug delivery applications. Biocompatible and non-toxic biopolymers such as chitosan, cellulose and alginates have been used to deliver antibiotics, plants extract, essential oils and metallic nanoparticles. Antibacterial aerogels have been used in superficial and chronic wound healing as dressing sheets. This review critically analyses the utilization of biopolymer-based aerogels in antibacterial delivery. The analysis shows the relationship between their properties and their applications in the wound healing process. Furthermore, highlights of the potentials, challenges and proposition of the application of biopolymer-based aerogels is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam Bashir Yahya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (N.G.O.); (C.K.A.); (M.K.M.H.)
| | - Fauziah Jummaat
- Management Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam, Selangor 40100, Malaysia;
| | - A. A. Amirul
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - A. S. Adnan
- Management Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam, Selangor 40100, Malaysia;
| | - N. G. Olaiya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (N.G.O.); (C.K.A.); (M.K.M.H.)
| | - C. K. Abdullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (N.G.O.); (C.K.A.); (M.K.M.H.)
| | - Samsul Rizal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - M. K. Mohamad Haafiz
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (N.G.O.); (C.K.A.); (M.K.M.H.)
| | - H. P. S. Abdul Khalil
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (N.G.O.); (C.K.A.); (M.K.M.H.)
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Villamizar-Sarmiento MG, Moreno-Villoslada I, Martínez S, Giacaman A, Miranda V, Vidal A, Orellana SL, Concha M, Pavicic F, Lisoni JG, Leyton L, Oyarzun-Ampuero FA. Ionic Nanocomplexes of Hyaluronic Acid and Polyarginine to Form Solid Materials: A Green Methodology to Obtain Sponges with Biomedical Potential. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E944. [PMID: 31261871 PMCID: PMC6669755 DOI: 10.3390/nano9070944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design, development, characterization, and a preliminary cellular evaluation of a novel solid material. This material is composed of low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) and polyarginine (PArg), which generate aqueous ionic nanocomplexes (INC) that are then freeze-dried to create the final product. Different ratios of LMWHA/PArg were selected to elaborate INC, the size and zeta potential of which ranged from 100 to 200 nm and +25 to -43 mV, respectively. Turbidimetry and nanoparticle concentration analyses demonstrated the high capacity of the INC to interact with increasing concentrations of LMWHA, improving the yield of production of the nanostructures. Interestingly, once the selected formulations of INC were freeze-dried, only those comprising a larger excess of LMWHA could form reproducible sponge formulations, as seen with the naked eye. This optical behavior was consistent with the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images, which showed a tendency of the particles to agglomerate when an excess of LMWHA was present. Mechanical characterization evidenced low stiffness in the materials, attributed to the low density and high porosity. A preliminary cellular evaluation in a fibroblast cell line (RMF-EG) evidenced the concentration range where swollen formulations did not affect cell proliferation (93-464 µM) at 24, 48, or 72 h. Considering that the reproducible sponge formulations were elaborated following inexpensive and non-contaminant methods and comprised bioactive components, we postulate them with potential for biomedical purposes. Additionally, this systematic study provides important information to design reproducible porous solid materials using ionic nanocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Villamizar-Sarmiento
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Samuel Martínez
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Annesi Giacaman
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Jeffrey Modell Center of Diagnosis and Research in Primary Immunodeficiencies. Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Victor Miranda
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Alejandra Vidal
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Sandra L Orellana
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Miguel Concha
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Francisca Pavicic
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Judit G Lisoni
- NM MultiMat, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile.
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
| | - Felipe A Oyarzun-Ampuero
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile.
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile.
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