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Liu Z, Di Luccio M, García S, Puig-Bargués J, Zhao X, Trueba A, Muhammad T, Xiao Y, Li Y. Effect of magnetic field on calcium - silica fouling and interactions in brackish water distribution systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:148900. [PMID: 34375249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fouling growth in brackish water distribution systems (BWDS), especially calcium-silica fouling, is inevitable issue in brackish water desalination, chemical and agricultural industry, eventually threaten the cleaner production process and environment. Magnetic Field (MF) has been a greener and effective technology to control calcium carbonate fouling. However, the effects of MF on composite calcium-silica fouling are still elusive. Therefore, this paper assessed the effect of MF on calcium and silica fouling. We found that MF not only significantly reduce the calcium carbonate fouling, but also obviously decreased the silica fouling. The MF reduced the calcite fouling reached 38.2%-64.3% by changing water quality parameters to trigger the transformation rate of CaCO3 crystal from compact calcite to looser aragonite, as well as increase the unit-cell parameters and chemical bond lengths of calcite and aragonite. The MF also decreased the content of silica fouling (silica and silicate) reached 22.4-46.3% by reducing the concentration of soluble silica and accelerating the flocculation settlement to form large size solid particles in BW. Furthermore, MF broke the synergistic interactions among calcium and silica fouling. In addition, the anti-fouling ability of permanent MF was higher by 12.3-35.1% than electric MF. Overall, these findings demonstrate that MF is an effective and chemical-free technology to control calcium-silica fouling in BWDS, and provide a new perspective for sustainable application of brackish water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Liu
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Marco Di Luccio
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sergio García
- Department of Sciences & Techniques of Navigation and Shipbuilding, University of Cantabria, C/ Gamazo 1, 39004 Santander, Spain
| | - Jaume Puig-Bargués
- Department of Chemical and Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Xiao Zhao
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Alfredo Trueba
- Department of Sciences & Techniques of Navigation and Shipbuilding, University of Cantabria, C/ Gamazo 1, 39004 Santander, Spain
| | - Tahir Muhammad
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunkai Li
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Water-Saving and Water Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
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