Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Pharmaceutical Interest Nitroarenes over Gold-Supported Alumina Nanowires Catalysts

In this work, Au nanoparticles, supported in Al₂O₃ nanowires (ANW) modified with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane were synthetized, for their use as catalysts in the hydrogenation reaction of 4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)-morpholine and 4-(4-nitrophenyl)morpholin-3-one. ANW was obtained by hydrothermal techniques and the metal was incorporated by the reduction of the precursor with NaBH₄ posterior to superficial modification. The catalysts were prepared at different metal loadings and were characterized by different techniques. The characterization revealed structured materials in the form of nanowires and a successful superficial modification. All catalysts show that Au is in a reduced state and the shape of the nanoparticles is spherical, with high metal dispersion and size distributions from 3.7 to 4.6 nm. The different systems supported in modified-ANW were active and selective in the hydrogenation reaction of both substrates, finding for all catalytic systems a selectivity of almost 100% to the aromatic amine. Catalytic data showed pseudo first-order kinetics with respect to the substrate for all experimental conditions used in this work. The solvent plays an important role in the activity and selectivity of the catalyst, where the highest efficiency and operational stability was achieved when ethanol was used as the solvent.