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Maisterra M, Atienza-Martínez M, Hablich K, Moreira R, Martínez-Merino V, Gandía LM, Cornejo A, Bimbela F. Innovative flow-through reaction system for the sustainable production of phenolic monomers from lignocellulose catalyzed by supported Mo 2C. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301591. [PMID: 38179896 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum carbide supported on activated carbon (β-Mo2C/AC) has been tested as catalyst in the reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of lignocellulosic biomass both in batch and in Flow-Through (FT) reaction systems. High phenolic monomer yields (34 wt.%) and selectivity to monomers with reduced side alkyl chains (up to 80 wt.%) could be achieved in batch in the presence of hydrogen. FT-RCF were made with no hydrogen feed, thus via transfer hydrogenation from ethanol. Similar selectivity could be attained in FT-RCF using high catalyst/biomass ratios (0.6) and high molybdenum loading (35 wt.%) in the catalyst, although selectivity decreased with lower catalyst/biomass ratios or molybdenum contents. Regardless of these parameters, high delignification of the lignocellulosic biomass and similar monomer yields were observed in the FT mode (13-15 wt.%) while preserving the holocellulose fractions in the delignified pulp. FT-RCF system outperforms the batch reaction mode in the absence of hydrogen, both in terms of activity and selectivity to reduced monomers that is attributed to the two-step non-equilibrium processes and the removal of diffusional limitations that occur in the FT mode. Even though some molybdenum leaching was detected, the catalytic performance could be maintained with negligible loss of activity or selectivity for 15 consecutive runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Maisterra
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Atienza-Martínez
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karina Hablich
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rui Moreira
- CIEPQPF, FCTUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Víctor Martínez-Merino
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis M Gandía
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cornejo
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Bimbela
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
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Ewuzie RN, Genza JR, Abdullah AZ. Review of the application of bimetallic catalysts coupled with internal hydrogen donor for catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin to produce phenolic fine chemicals. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131084. [PMID: 38521312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass contains lignin, an aromatic and oxygenated substance and a potential method for lignin utilization is achieved through catalytic conversion into useful phenolic and aromatic monomers. The application of monometallic catalysts for lignin hydrogenolysis reaction remains one of the major reasons for the underutilization of lignin to produce valuable chemicals. Monometallic catalysts have many limitations such as limited catalytic sites for interacting with different lignin linkages, poor catalytic activity, low lignin conversion, and low product selectivity. It is due to lack of synergy with other metallic catalysts that can enhance the catalytic activity, stability, selectivity, and overall catalytic performance. To overcome these limitations, works on the application of bimetallic catalysts that can offer higher activity, selectivity, and stability have been initiated. In this review, cutting-edge insights into the catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin, focusing on the production of phenolic and aromatic monomers using bimetallic catalysts within an internal hydrogen donor solvent are discussed. The contribution of this work lies in a critical discussion of recent reported findings, in-depth analyses of reaction mechanisms, optimal conditions, and emerging trends in lignin catalytic hydrogenolysis. The specific effects of catalytic active components on the reaction outcomes are also explored. Additionally, this review extends beyond current knowledge, offering forward-looking suggestions for utilizing lignin as a raw material in the production of valuable products across various industrial processes. This work not only consolidates existing knowledge but also introduces novel perspectives, paving the way for future advancements in lignin utilization and catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackson Robinson Genza
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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Experimental Methods for the Biological Evaluation of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Risks. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020612. [PMID: 36839932 PMCID: PMC9959606 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many novel medical therapies use nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, including nanomaterials through drug delivery systems, diagnostics, or physiologically active medicinal products. The approval of nanoparticles with advanced therapeutic and diagnostic potentials for applications in medication and immunization depends strongly on their synthesizing procedure, efficiency of functionalization, and biological safety and biocompatibility. Nanoparticle biodistribution, absorption, bioavailability, passage across biological barriers, and biodistribution are frequently assessed using bespoke and biological models. These methods largely rely on in vitro cell-based evaluations that cannot predict the complexity involved in preclinical and clinical studies. Therefore, assessing the nanoparticle risk has to involve pharmacokinetics, organ toxicity, and drug interactions manifested at multiple cellular levels. At the same time, there is a need for novel approaches to examine nanoparticle safety risks due to increased constraints on animal exploitation and the demand for high-throughput testing. We focus here on biological evaluation methodologies that provide access to nanoparticle interactions with the organism (positive or negative via toxicity). This work aimed to provide a perception regarding the risks associated with the utilization of nanoparticle-based formulations with a particular focus on assays applied to assess the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials.
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Muangmeesri S, Li N, Georgouvelas D, Ouagne P, Placet V, Mathew AP, Samec JSM. Holistic Valorization of Hemp through Reductive Catalytic Fractionation. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:17207-17213. [PMID: 34976442 PMCID: PMC8715730 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increased use of hemp fiber, negligible attention has been given to upgrade the hemp hurd, which constitutes up to 70 wt % of the hemp stalk and is currently considered a low-value byproduct. In this work, valorization of hemp hurd was performed by reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) in the presence of a metal catalyst. We found an unexpectedly high yield of monophenolic compounds (38.3 wt %) corresponding to above 95% of the theoretical maximum yield. The high yield is explained by both a thin cell wall and high S-lignin content. In addition, organosolv pulping was performed to generate a pulp that was bleached to produce dissolving-grade pulp suitable for textile fiber production (viscosity, 898 mL/g; ISO-brightness, 90.2%) and nanocellulose. Thus, we have demonstrated a novel value chain from a low-value side stream of hemp fiber manufacture that has the potential to increase textile fiber production with 100% yield and also give bio-oil for green chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ning Li
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for
Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of
Chemical Physics (DICP), Dalian 116023, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Dimitrios Georgouvelas
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre Ouagne
- Laboratoire
Génie de Production, Université
de Toulouse, ENIT, 65016 Tarbes, France
| | - Vincent Placet
- Department
of Applied Mechanics, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, FEMTO-ST Institute, UFC/CNRS/ENSMM/UTBM, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Aji P. Mathew
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph S. M. Samec
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Tang D, Huang X, Tang W, Jin Y. Lignin-to-chemicals: Application of catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin to produce phenols and terephthalic acid via metal-based catalysts. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:72-85. [PMID: 34480907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the only renewable aromatic material in nature and contains a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups. High-value and green utilization of "lignin-to-chemicals" can be realized via using lignin to produce fine chemicals such as phenols and carboxylic acids, which can not only reduce the waste of lignin in the process of lignocellulosic biomass treatment, but gradually make the substitution of traditional fossil fuels come true. The hydrogenolysis process under catalysis of metal catalyst has high product selectivity and less impurity, which is suitable for the production of same type or single fine chemicals. Hydrogenolysis of lignin via metal catalysts to produce lignin oil, and further modification of functional groups (e.g. methoxyl, alkyl and hydroxyl group) of depolymerized monomers in the bio-oil to yeild phenols and terephthalic acid are reviewed, and catalytic mechanisms are briefly summarized in this paper. Finally, the problems of lignin catalytic conversion existing currently are investigated, and the future development of this field is also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daobin Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaozhen Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Weizhong Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yanqiao Jin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Huang HJ, Lee YH, Hsu YH, Liao CT, Lin YF, Chiu HW. Current Strategies in Assessment of Nanotoxicity: Alternatives to In Vivo Animal Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4216. [PMID: 33921715 PMCID: PMC8073679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of experimental animals are widely used in the assessment of toxicological or biological effects of manufactured nanomaterials in medical technology. However, the animal consciousness has increased and become an issue for debate in recent years. Currently, the principle of the 3Rs (i.e., reduction, refinement, and replacement) is applied to ensure the more ethical application of humane animal research. In order to avoid unethical procedures, the strategy of alternatives to animal testing has been employed to overcome the drawbacks of animal experiments. This article provides current alternative strategies to replace or reduce the use of experimental animals in the assessment of nanotoxicity. The currently available alternative methods include in vitro and in silico approaches, which can be used as cost-effective approaches to meet the principle of the 3Rs. These methods are regarded as non-animal approaches and have been implemented in many countries for scientific purposes. The in vitro experiments related to nanotoxicity assays involve cell culture testing and tissue engineering, while the in silico methods refer to prediction using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling. The commonly used novel cell-based methods and computational approaches have the potential to help minimize the use of experimental animals for nanomaterial toxicity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Ho Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City 320001, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Te Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
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