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Schuwerk L, Ulianytska A, Baumgärtner W, Reineking W. Melan-A immunolabeling in canine extramedullary plasmacytomas. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241246979. [PMID: 38642035 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241246979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Histologic diagnosis of less well-differentiated cases of canine extramedullary plasmacytomas (CEMPs) may require immunohistochemical confirmation to discriminate these tumors from other round cells tumors including lymphoma, cutaneous histiocytoma, and amelanotic melanomas. CEMPs are characterized by widespread immunoreactivity for multiple myeloma 1 (MUM1) antigen and λ light chains, while the melanocytic marker melan-A has been reported to yield negative results. Here, 33 randomly selected CEMPs, 20 melanocytomas, and 20 malignant melanomas were immunohistochemically tested for MUM1, melan-A, and PNL2. In addition, CEMPs were examined for PAX5, E-cadherin, CD3, CD18, CD20, S100, as well as λ and κ light chain immunoreactivity. All CEMPs were characterized by labeling for MUM1 and λ light chain, as well as variable immunopositivity for the remaining antibodies. Notably, 13 cases of CEMPs (39.4%) exhibited immunolabeling for melan-A. Melanocytic tumors immunolabeled for melan-A (40/40; 100%) and PNL2 (34/40; 85%). An unexpected cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for MUM1 was observed in 2 melanocytic tumors. Summarized, MUM1 or melan-A immunomarkers alone are not sufficient to differentiate between CEMPs and amelanotic melanomas and should be part of a larger immunopanel including λ light chain, CD20, and PNL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schuwerk
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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2
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van der Weyden L, Avenant A, O’Dell N. Cutaneous Plasmacytoma with Systemic Metastases in a Cape Serotine Bat ( Laephotis capensis). Vet Sci 2024; 11:72. [PMID: 38393090 PMCID: PMC10892064 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite their relatively long life-spans, reports of neoplasia in bats are rare and are limited to a handful of cases. In this report, we describe a 2-year-old female wild Cape serotine bat (Laephotis capensis) that had been caught by a domestic cat and presented with a skin mass over the chest area. Histopathological analysis of a subsequent biopsy revealed proliferating sheets of neoplastic round cells, occasionally appearing to form packets, supported by a fine, fibrovascular stroma. Marked nuclear pleomorphism was seen, as well as a high mitotic count. Immunohistochemistry displayed positive labelling for MUM1 in the neoplastic cells. The diagnosis was extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP); a neoplasm consisting of plasma cells derived from B lymphocytes. Due to a deteriorating condition, the bat was anaesthetised, and the mass was surgically removed two weeks later. However, the bat succumbed under the anaesthetic. Histopathological examination of the mass showed the same neoplastic cell population as observed in the biopsy; in addition, there was a locally extensive infiltration of neoplastic cells in the spleen and a mild presence of neoplastic cells in circulation. This is the first report of an EMP in a bat, and we compare the findings with that seen in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alida Avenant
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa;
| | - Nicolize O’Dell
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa;
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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Mikiewicz M, Paździor-Czapula K, Fiedorowicz J, Gesek M, Otrocka-Domagała I. Metallothionein expression in feline injection site fibrosarcomas. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:42. [PMID: 36759896 PMCID: PMC9912506 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline injection site fibrosarcoma is an aggressive and infiltrative tumour arising in the background of chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of metallothionein (I-II) in feline injection site fibrosarcomas and to assess its possible relationships with Ki67 index, inflammation score and tumour grade. The study included 40 feline fibrosarcomas, located in the common injection sites (i.e., interscapular area, thigh, flank), constituting archival diagnostic specimens collected between 2019-2020. Tumours were graded histologically according to the newly proposed soft-tissue sarcoma grading system in cats. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of Ki67 and metallothionein in tumour cells. RESULTS The cytoplasmic and sometimes nuclear expression of metallothionein was observed in all tumours grade I, 66.67% of tumours grade II and 55% of tumours grade III. The expression of metallothionein was negatively correlated with tumour grade and inflammation score, while the Ki67 index was positively correlated with tumour grade, inflammation score and necrosis score. CONCLUSION The downregulation of MT expression in feline injection site fibrosarcomas seems to be connected with an increase in the inflammatory infiltration, hence tumour progression. This is the first study describing metallothionein expression in feline injection site fibrosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Mikiewicz
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Paździor-Czapula
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Fiedorowicz
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Gesek
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Otrocka-Domagała
- grid.412607.60000 0001 2149 6795Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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Moore AR. Diagnosing Multiple Myeloma and Related Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:101-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wangsa K, Sarma I, Saikia P, Ananthakrishnan D, Sarma HN, Velmurugan D. Estrogenic Effect of Scoparia dulcis (Linn) Extract in Mice Uterus and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Certain Compounds with Human Estrogen Receptors. J Reprod Infertil 2020; 21:247-258. [PMID: 33209741 PMCID: PMC7648873 DOI: 10.18502/jri.v21i4.4329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Scoparia dulcis Linn. is reported to be used by women of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh in northeast India for treating menstrual disorders. Scoparia dulcis contains compounds that bind with estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) evidenced by increased PCNA in endometrial epithelium. Methods: Crude extract was orally administered at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight/day to the female mice (60–70 days old) in five different groups. Each group containing six females included: (I) cyclic control, (II) cyclic extract treated, (III) Ovariectomized (OVX)-vehicle treated (Control), (IV) OVX-E2 treated (V) OVX- extract treated. Extract was administered for eight days to the cyclic groups and three days to the OVX groups. PCNA was detected immunohistochemically in uterine tissues and signals were analyzed by Image J software (NIH, USA). Compounds were separated by GC-MS and identified using NIST. In silico molecular docking studies was performed with human estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the best interacting compound was done using gromacs. Results: The results showed cell proliferation in the uterine endometrium evidenced by PCNA. Two phytocompounds, Octadecanoic acid and methyl stearate showed binding affinity with ERα and ERβ. Conclusion: Scoparia dulcis contains compounds having binding affinity with ERα and ERβ. The present study is the first report on compounds from Scoparia dulcis showing binding affinity with human estrogen receptors which may have biological effect on female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamhee Wangsa
- Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Indira Sarma
- Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Purbajyoti Saikia
- Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dhanabalan Ananthakrishnan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Hirendra Nath Sarma
- Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Devadasan Velmurugan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
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Tamura Y, Chambers JK, Neo S, Goto-Koshino Y, Takagi S, Uneyama M, Uchida K, Hisasue M. Primary duodenal plasmacytoma with associated primary (amyloid light-chain) amyloidosis in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2020; 6:2055116920957194. [PMID: 33014408 PMCID: PMC7513395 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920957194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 14-year-old spayed female American Shorthair cat was presented with weight loss and a
palpable abdominal mass. Abdominal ultrasound and CT revealed a duodenal mass with
suspected perforation and an enlarged jejunal lymph node. Cytological evaluation from a
fine-needle aspiration of the abdominal mass displayed many atypical round cells, some
with a small amount of light pink material at the cellular edge. The duodenal mass was
surgically removed, and was diagnosed as a plasma cell tumour immunohistochemically
positive for CD79 alpha, IgA and lambda immunoglobulin light chains. In addition,
amyloidosis was detected. PCR to assess the antigen receptor rearrangement of the tumour
cells showed a monoclonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
Postoperatively, the cat received chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone.
Owing to progressive enlargement of the jejunal lymph node, different chemotherapy
protocols were used sequentially, namely chlorambucil, lomustine and L-asparaginase.
However, the cat died 96 days after the initial diagnosis. Post-mortem examination
confirmed systemic dissemination of tumour cells. The cause of death was considered to
be a result of a complication of the tumour itself and associated amyloidosis. Relevance and novel information This patient was diagnosed with a primary duodenal plasmacytoma, and primary (amyloid
light-chain) amyloidosis. In cats, intestinal plasmacytoma is rarely reported and
associated amyloidosis is an uncommon feature, when compared with humans. To our
knowledge, this is the first clinical report of duodenal plasmacytoma in a cat. The
present report shows that feline plasmacytomas should be included in the differential
diagnosis of a duodenal mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakurako Neo
- Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Veterinary Medical Center, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mizuho Uneyama
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hisasue
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Takanosu M, Okada K, Kagawa Y. PCR-based clonality analysis of antigen receptor gene rearrangements in canine cutaneous plasmacytoma. Vet J 2018; 241:31-37. [PMID: 30340657 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytomas are discrete, B cell-derived, round cell tumours that sometimes are difficult to distinguish from canine cutaneous histiocytomas or T cell lymphosarcomas (lymphomas). Diagnosis of plasmacytomas relies on morphological observations and immunohistochemistry for multiple myeloma oncogene-1 (MUM-1) and cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3). Clonality testing often is used as an adjunct diagnostic tool to examine lymphoproliferative diseases. In this study, the sensitivity of PCR-based clonality analysis of antigen receptor gene rearrangements in canine cutaneous plasmacytomas was determined. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of 29 canine plasmacytomas, 23 diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) and 23 lymph nodes without lymphoma were used for clonality analysis. New oligonucleotide primers for the framework (FR)2 and FR3 regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) V gene subgroup 3 were designed and used with previously reported FR3 primers. Although plasma cells are of B cell lineage, the detected frequency of IGH clonality in plasmacytoma was 0-34.5% with the seven primers used, whereas in DLBCLs it was 8.7-78.3%. In 23 lymph nodes without lymphoma, IGH clonality was detected in only one case with two out of the seven primers used. Sequence analysis of PCR products from plasmacytomas revealed mismatches in the annealing region of the FR3 primers. The sensitivity of detecting IGH clonality in canine plasmacytomas was lower than in DLBCLs. The low detection rate of IGH clonality in canine plasmacytoma may be due to somatic hypermutation of the variable region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takanosu
- Nasunogahara Animal Clinic, 2-3574-98, Asaka, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-0043, Japan.
| | - K Okada
- North Lab, 2-8-35, Hondori, Shiroisi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0027, Japan
| | - Y Kagawa
- North Lab, 2-8-35, Hondori, Shiroisi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0027, Japan
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Mikiewicz M, Otrocka-Domagała I, Paździor-Czapula K, Rotkiewicz T. Influence of long-term, high-dose dexamethasone administration on proliferation and apoptosis in porcine hepatocytes. Res Vet Sci 2017; 112:141-148. [PMID: 28391056 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of long-term, high-dose dexamethasone administration on the liver, with particular emphasis on hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, using a swine model. The study included 48 large, female Polish breed pigs aged 3months (weighing ca. 30kg) divided into groups I (control; n=24) and II (dexamethasone; n=24) that receiving intra-muscular injections of monosodium phosphate dexamethasone for 29days. The pigs were euthanized on days subsequent to the experiment. Immediately after the euthanasia, the pig livers were sampled, fixed, and processed routinely for histopathology, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry (for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Bcl-2, and caspase-3). Apoptosis was visualized by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL). Dexamethasone administration gradually caused hepatocyte glycogen degeneration and finally lipid degeneration, accompanied by sinusoid and central vein dilatation and nuclear chromatin condensation. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen index, mean number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions and proliferation index of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions were lower, while Bcl-2 expression was higher in group II compared with group I. The results from this study suggest that safe high-dose dexamethasone administration time is difficult to establish. Long-term, high-dose dexamethasone administration can cause pronounced morphological changes in hepatocytes by diminishing their transcriptional and proliferation activity but also protects them from apoptosis by potentially affecting Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Mikiewicz
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Iwona Otrocka-Domagała
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Paździor-Czapula
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Rotkiewicz
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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