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Uccelli L, Martini P, Urso L, Ghirardi T, Marvelli L, Cittanti C, Carnevale A, Giganti M, Bartolomei M, Boschi A. Rhenium Radioisotopes for Medicine, a Focus on Production and Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:5283. [PMID: 36014521 PMCID: PMC9412410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the use of alpha; pure beta; or beta/gamma emitters in oncology, endocrinology, and interventional cardiology rheumatology, has proved to be an important alternative to the most common therapeutic regimens. Among radionuclides used for therapy in nuclear medicine, two rhenium radioisotopes are of particular relevance: rhenium-186 and rhenium-188. The first is routinely produced in nuclear reactors by direct neutron activation of rhenium-186 via 185Re(n,γ)186Re nuclear reaction. Rhenium-188 is produced by the decay of the parent tungsten-188. Separation of rhenium-188 is mainly performed using a chromatographic 188W/188Re generator in which tungsten-188 is adsorbed on the alumina column, similar to the 99Mo/99mTc generator system, and the radionuclide eluted in saline solution. The application of rhenium-186 and rhenium-188 depends on their specific activity. Rhenium-186 is produced in low specific activity and is mainly used for labeling particles or diphosphonates for bone pain palliation. Whereas, rhenium-188 of high specific activity can be used for labeling peptides or bioactive molecules. One of the advantages of rhenium is its chemical similarity with technetium. So, diagnostic technetium analogs labeled with radiorhenium can be developed for therapeutic applications. Clinical trials promoting the use of 186/188Re-radiopharmaceuticals is, in particular, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Uccelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Petra Martini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Urso
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Teresa Ghirardi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenza Marvelli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Corrado Cittanti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Aldo Carnevale
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Radiology Unit, University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Melchiore Giganti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Radiology Unit, University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mirco Bartolomei
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boschi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Qaim SM, Spahn I, Scholten B, Spellerberg S, Neumaier B. The role of chemistry in accelerator-based production and separation of radionuclides as basis for radiolabelled compounds for medical applications. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Radiochemical separations used in large scale routine production of diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides at a particle accelerator for patient care are briefly outlined. The role of chemistry at various stages of development of a production route of a novel radionuclide, namely nuclear data measurement, high-current targetry, chemical processing and quality control of the product, is discussed in detail. Special attention is paid to production of non-standard positron emitters (e.g. 44gSc, 64Cu, 68Ga, etc.) at a cyclotron and novel therapeutic radionuclides (e.g. 67Cu, 225Ac, etc.) at an accelerator. Some typical examples of radiochemical methods involved are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M. Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin: INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Ingo Spahn
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin: INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Bernhard Scholten
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin: INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Stefan Spellerberg
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin: INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin: INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
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3
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Charles A, Khosrashahi FN, Ma L, Munindradasa C, Hoerres R, Lydon JD, Kelley SP, Guthrie J, Rotsch D, Medvedev D, Cutler CS, Li Y, Wilbur DS, Hennkens HM, Jurisson SS. Evaluation of 186WS 2 target material for production of high specific activity 186Re via proton irradiation: separation, radiolabeling and recovery/recycling. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Enriched tungsten disulfide (186WS2) was evaluated at increasing proton beam currents (20–50 μA) and times (up to 4 h) on a GE PETtrace cyclotron for production of high specific activity (HSA) 186Re. The HSA 186Re was separated from the irradiated target as [186Re][ReO4]– by a liquid–liquid extraction method and radiolabeled with a new N2S2 ligand (222-MAMA-N-ethylpropionate). The enriched 186W was recovered from the extraction process, analyzed for purity and enrichment, and converted back to the disulfide (186WS2). The results demonstrate that the 186WS2 is an easily pressed target material that can withstand relatively high currents and can be readily recovered and recycled. The 186Re produced was isolated in high specific activity and readily formed the radiotracers [186Re][ReO(222-MAMA-N-ethylpropionate)] and [186Re][Re(CO)3(OH2)3] +.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anster Charles
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | | | - Li Ma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | | | - Rebecca Hoerres
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - John D. Lydon
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (MURR) , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - James Guthrie
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (MURR) , Columbia , MO , USA
| | | | - Dmitri Medvedev
- Collider Accelerator Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , NY , USA
| | - Cathy S. Cutler
- Collider Accelerator Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , NY , USA
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - D. Scott Wilbur
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Heather M. Hennkens
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (MURR) , Columbia , MO , USA
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4
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Moiseeva AN, Aliev RA, Kormazeva ES, Latushkin ST, Malamut TY, Makoveeva KA, Novikov VI, Unezhev VN, Furkina EB, Zagryadskiy VA. Cross sections of 3He-particle induced reactions on 186W. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 170:109609. [PMID: 33571734 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation of 186W targets by 3He particles was carried out. For the first time the cross sections for the reactions of production of 183, 184, 186, 188Re, 183, 185Os, 187W were measured by the stack foil technique in the 3He energy range of 15-45 MeV. The results were compared to the data from the TENDL-2019 library. Using the experimental excitation functions, the thick target yields of medically relevant rhenium radioisotopes were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Moiseeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182, Moscow, Russia.
| | - R A Aliev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Kormazeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - S T Latushkin
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Yu Malamut
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - K A Makoveeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Novikov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - V N Unezhev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - E B Furkina
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Zagryadskiy
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182, Moscow, Russia
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Chakravarty R, Chakraborty S, Jadhav S, Jagadeesan KC, Thakare SV, Dash A. A facile method for electrochemical separation of 181-186Re from proton irradiated natural tungsten oxide target. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 154:108885. [PMID: 31536908 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Routine availability of high specific activity 186Re would provide a significant boost to the development of potent theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. In the present study, 181-186Re was produced by proton bombardment (12 MeV, average beam intensity 180 nΑ) for 60 h on natural tungsten oxide target. A facile electrochemical method has been developed for radiochemical separation of Re radioisotopes from irradiated target material. The overall yield of the process was >80% and Re radioisotopes could be separated in a form suitable for preparation of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - Sachin Jadhav
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - K C Jagadeesan
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - S V Thakare
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Ashutosh Dash
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
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Baumeister JE, Mitchell AW, Kelley SP, Barnes CL, Jurisson SS. Steric influence of salicylaldehyde-based Schiff base ligands on the formation of trans-[Re(PR 3) 2(Schiff base)] + complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12943-12955. [PMID: 31393493 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02630d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of the type trans-[Re(PR3)2(Schiff base)]+ (R = ethyl and/or phenyl) 2-7 were prepared by the reaction of (nBu4N)[ReOCl4] with H2sal2en or H2sal2ibn followed by addition of a tertiary phosphine. The trans-[Re(PR3)2(sal2en)]+ complexes 2-4 were stable in solution, whereas the trans-[Re(PR3)2(sal2ibn)]+ complexes 6-7 were observed to convert to their corresponding cis-[ReO(PR3)(sal2ibn)]+ products through a process involving ligand dissociation, metal oxidation, and Schiff base ligand rearrangement. The conversion of the trans-[Re(PR3)2(sal2ibn)]+ complexes is likely driven by steric interactions between the bulky backbone gem-dimethyl groups of the sal2ibn ligand and the phosphine ligands. These complexes were isolated and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results reported herein provide insight into the factors that drive trans-[Re(PR3)2(Schiff base)]+ complex formation. This will aid in the development of novel 186/188Re therapeutic agents and the design of novel bifunctional N2O2 Schiff base ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob E Baumeister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Andrew W Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Charles L Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Silvia S Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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7
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Feng Y, Phipps MD, Phelps TE, Okoye NC, Baumeister JE, Wycoff DE, Dorman EF, Wooten AL, Vlasenko V, Berendzen AF, Wilbur DS, Hoffman TJ, Cutler CS, Ketring AR, Jurisson SS. Evaluation of 72Se/ 72As generator and production of 72Se for supplying 72As as a potential PET imaging radionuclide. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 143:113-122. [PMID: 30408634 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Positron-emitting 72As is the PET imaging counterpart for beta-emitting 77As. Its parent, no carrier added (n.c.a.) 72Se, was produced for a 72Se/72As generator by irradiating an enriched 7°Ge metal-graphite target via the 70Ge(α, 2 n)72Se reaction. Target dissolution used a fast, environmentally friendly method with 93% radioactivity recovery. Chromatographic parameters of the 72Se/72As generator were evaluated, the eluted n.c.a. 72As was characterized with a phantom imaging study, and the previously reported trithiol and aryl-dithiol ligand systems were radiolabeled with the separated n.c.a. 72As in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alan R Ketring
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Silvia S Jurisson
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Baumeister JE, Reinig KM, Barnes CL, Kelley SP, Jurisson SS. Technetium and Rhenium Schiff Base Compounds for Nuclear Medicine: Syntheses of Rhenium Analogues to 99mTc-Furifosmin. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12920-12933. [PMID: 30239194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium, the third-row congener of technetium, is often used to develop the macroscopic chemistry of potential 99mTc diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. The rhenium analogues to 99mTc-furifosmin are being developed for potential radiotherapy of multidrug-resistant tumors. Complexes of the form trans-[MIII(PR3)2(N2O2-Schiff base)]+ are of interest for the potential imaging and treatment of multidrug-resistant tumors. Reaction of the tetradentate Schiff ligand 4,4'-[(1 E,1' E)-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene)]bis(methanylylidene)]bis(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-ol) (tmf2enH2) with the M(V) starting materials ( nBu4N)[TcOCl4] and ( nBu4N)[ReOCl4] gave the monomeric products trans-[TcOCl(tmf2en)] and trans-[ReOCl(tmf2en)], respectively. Reduction of in situ formed trans-[ReOCl(tmf2en)] by various tertiary phosphines yielded disubstitued Re(III) products of the general type trans-[ReIII(PR3)2(tmf2en)]+. The rhenium(III) compounds were found to be water-soluble and stable in aqueous solution. Reversible ReIII/ReIV and ReIII/ReII redox processes were observed at about 0.8-0.9 and -0.65 to -0.8 V, respectively, for each of the rhenium(III) species. Reaction of in situ formed trans-TcOCl(tmf2en) with triethylphosphine yielded the reduced, disubstituted trans-[Tc(PEt3)2(tmf2en)]PF6. A reversible TcIII/TcII redox couple was observed for the technetium(III) species, about 200 mV less negative than their rhenium(III) analogues, in addition to an irreversible TcIII/TcIV process. All compounds were characterized using conventional spectroscopic techniques, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob E Baumeister
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Kimberly M Reinig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Charles L Barnes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Silvia S Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
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