1
|
Ma H, Shen M, Tong Y, Wang X. Radioactive Wastewater Treatment Technologies: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041935. [PMID: 36838922 PMCID: PMC9965242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With the wide application of nuclear energy, the problem of radioactive pollution has attracted worldwide attention, and the research on the treatment of radioactive wastewater is imminent. How to treat radioactive wastewater deeply and efficiently has become the most critical issue in the development of nuclear energy technology. The radioactive wastewater produced after using nuclear technology has the characteristics of many kinds, high concentration, and large quantity. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the treatment technology of radioactive wastewater in reprocessing plants. The process flow and waste liquid types of the post-treatment plant are reviewed. The commonly used evaporation concentration, adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange, biotechnology, membrane separation, and photocatalysis are summarized. The basic principles and technological characteristics of them are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of different single and combined processes are compared, and the development trend of future processing technology is prospected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Ma
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Minghai Shen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (X.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martínez J, de Los Cobos M, Peñalver A, Tarancón A, Giménez I, Bagán H, Aguilar C, Borrull F. Simultaneous determination of 210Pb and 90Sr and 210Po isolation in sludge samples using a plastic scintillation resin. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 192:110601. [PMID: 36481494 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a new and fast method for separating 210Po from 210Pb and 90Sr, before simultaneously measuring the individual activities of the latter two radionuclides using a plastic scintillation resin (PSresin) in sludge samples taken from a drinking water treatment plant. This method speeds up the analysis process significantly by simultaneously measuring 210Pb and 90Sr in a single step. The method is reproducible and has a relative standard deviation of less than 25% for 210Pb, 210Po and 90Sr. The method was satisfactorily validated with an intercomparison sample and applied to sludge samples from a drinking water treatment plant. The minimum detectable activities for 0.9 g of sludge are 5.5 Bq/kg and 8 Bq/kg for 210Pb and 90Sr respectively when measured for 180 min, and 0.5 Bq/kg for 210Po when measured for 5000 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Martínez
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria, Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Ctra. Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M de Los Cobos
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria, Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Ctra. Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Peñalver
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria, Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Ctra. Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Tarancón
- Serra Hunter Professor, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Giménez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Bagán
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Aguilar
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria, Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Ctra. Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain; Serra Hunter Professor, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - F Borrull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Unitat de Radioquímica Ambiental i Sanitaria, Consorci d'Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), Ctra. Nacional 340, Km. 1094, 43895, L'Ampolla, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A fast strategy to sequentially separate and determine 90Sr, 210Pb and 210Po in water samples using Sr resin. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study presents a rapid and novel sequential separation strategy based on extraction chromatography for determining 90Sr, 210Pb and 210Po in drinking water samples. It involves the use of Sr resin for the separation and then liquid scintillation counting and alpha spectrometry for the determination. The experimental results obtained showed that the proper acidic solution to quantitatively retain the aforementioned radionuclides is 3 M HNO3. The optimum eluents were determined for obtaining quantitative recoveries (70–80%) of 90Sr, 210Pb and 210Po. The method was validated with intercomparison water samples and is satisfactory in terms of minimum detectable activities, which are 50% lower than that established in RD 314/2016.
Collapse
|
4
|
Separation and purification of Sr-90 nuclide from a waste mixture. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|