1
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Rieder D, Peters EAJF, Kuipers JAM. Modeling the Drying Process of Porous Catalysts: Impact of the Pore Size Distribution. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:20006-20016. [PMID: 38037620 PMCID: PMC10682989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of catalytically active species in heterogeneous porous catalysts strongly influences their performance and durability in industrial reactors. A drying model for investigating this redistribution was developed and implemented using the finite volume method. This model embeds an analytical approach regarding the permeability and capillary pressure from arbitrary pore size distributions. Subsequently, a set of varying pore size distributions are investigated, and their impact on the species redistribution during drying is quantified. It was found that small amounts of large pores speed up the drying process and reduce internal pressure build up significantly while having a negligible impact on the final distribution of the catalytically active species. By further increasing the amount of large pores, the accumulation of species at the drying surface is facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David
R. Rieder
- Multiphase
Reactors Group, Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, MB Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Elias A. J. F. Peters
- Multiphase
Reactors Group, Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, MB Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. M. Kuipers
- Multiphase
Reactors Group, Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, MB Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
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2
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Subjalearndee N, Panith P, Narkbuakaew T, Thongkam P, Intasanta V. Supported TiO 2-ZnWO 4 Photocatalytic Nanofibrous Membranes for Flow-Through and Fixed-Bed Reactors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30389-30401. [PMID: 37636910 PMCID: PMC10448639 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
We developed utilization models of supported electrospun TiO2-ZnWO4 photocatalytic nanofibrous membranes for air and water purifications using a noncomplex system with facile adaptation for large-scale processes. For this uniquely designed and multimode catalyst, ZnWO4 is selected for a visible light activity, while TiO2 is incorporated to enhance physical stability. Morphological structures of the TiO2-ZnWO4 membrane are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The distinguished growth of ZnWO4 nanorods at the surface of the TiO2-ZnWO4 membrane is revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The relaxation process and charge transfer mechanism are proposed following the examination of interface and band gap (2.76 eV) between TiO2 and ZnWO4 particles via HR-TEM and UV-vis spectrophotometry. For the gas-phase reaction, a transparent photocatalytic converter is designed to support the pleated TiO2-ZnWO4 membrane for toluene decomposition under visible light. To obtain a crack-free and homogeneous fiber structure of the pleated TiO2-ZnWO4 membrane, 1 h of nanofibrous membrane fabrication via a Nanospider machine is required. On the other hand, a fiberglass-supported TiO2-ZnWO4 membrane is fabricated as a fixed-bed photocatalyst membrane for methylene blue decomposition under natural sunlight. It is observed that using the calcination temperature at 800 °C results in the formation of metal complexes between fiber glass and the TiO2-ZnWO4 membrane. The TiO2-ZnWO4 membrane successfully decomposes toluene vapor up to 40% under a continuous-flow circumstance in a borosilicate photocatalytic converter and 70% for methylene blue in solution within 3 h. Finally, the mechanically robust and supported TiO2-ZnWO4 nanofibrous membranes are proven for an alternate potential in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakarin Subjalearndee
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Phahonyothin Road, Klong Nueng,
Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pasinee Panith
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Phahonyothin Road, Klong Nueng,
Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Tanaporn Narkbuakaew
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Phahonyothin Road, Klong Nueng,
Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pech Thongkam
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Phahonyothin Road, Klong Nueng,
Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Varol Intasanta
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Phahonyothin Road, Klong Nueng,
Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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3
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Shi Y, Li H, Chen H, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Liu X, Duan X, Qian G, Zhou X. Thermal management of natural gas production from coke oven gas by optimizing catalyst distribution and operation conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138536. [PMID: 36990356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 3D particle-resolved CFD simulations have been performed to investigate the thermal effects of natural gas production from coke oven gas. The catalyst packing structures with uniform, gradient rise and gradient descent distribution and the operating conditions of pressure, wall temperature, inlet temperature and feed velocity are optimized for reduced hot spot temperature. The simulation results show that compared with packing structures with uniform distribution and gradient descent distribution, the gradient rise distribution could effectively reduce the hot spot temperature without affecting the reactor performance in the reactor with upflow reactants feeding, of which the reactor bed temperature rise is 37 K. Under the conditions with the pressure of 20 bar, wall temperature of 500 K, inlet temperature of 593 K, inlet flow rate of 0.04 m/s, the packing structure with gradient rise distribution exhibits the minimum reactor bed temperature rise of 19 K. By optimizing the catalyst distribution and operation conditions, the hot spot temperature of CO methanation process could be dramatically reduced by 49 K at the sacrifice of slightly reduced CO conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xuezhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xinggui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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4
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Fathiganjehlou A, Eghbalmanesh A, Baltussen M, Peters E, Buist K, Kuipers J. Pore Network Modelling of Slender Packed Bed Reactors. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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5
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Wang Q, Yang Z, Wang J, Huang Z, Yang C, Wang H, Qiu T. A multi-scale and multi-objective optimization strategy for catalytic distillation process. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Ma L, Kashanj S, Li X, Xu S, Nobes DS, Ye M. Experimental investigation of fluid flow around a porous cube for Reynolds numbers of 400∼1400. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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7
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Fan WK, Tahir M. Structured clay minerals-based nanomaterials for sustainable photo/thermal carbon dioxide conversion to cleaner fuels: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157206. [PMID: 35810906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In efforts to achieve a sustainable development goal, the utilization of CO2 to generate renewable fuels is promising, as it is a sustainable technology that provides affordable and clean energy. To realize the production of renewable green fuels, a proficient and low-cost technology is required. Using photo/thermal catalytic process, the goal of sustainable CO2 hydrogenation can be achieved. There have been several types of catalysts under exploration, however, they are expensive with limited availability. In the current development, green materials such as mineral clays are emerging as cocatalyst/supports for CO2 hydrogenation. Clays are bestowed with various beneficial properties such as a large surface area, high porosity, abundant basic sites, excellent thermal stability and chemical corrosion resistance. Clays are promising materials that can drastically reduce the cost in catalyst preparation, partially fulfil the energy demand and reduce greenhouse gas emission. This review aims to focus on the various types of clays and their applications in the field of photo/thermal CO2 hydrogenation to renewable fuels. Firstly, the classifications of clays are provided, whereby they can be differentiated based on their silicate layers, namely 1:1 and 2:1 type clay and their properties are thoroughly discussed to provide advantages and applications. The applications of various clays such as kaolinite, halloysite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, saponite and volkonskoite for CO2 hydrogenation reactions are systematically discoursed. In addition, various approaches to improve the capability of raw clays as catalyst support are critically discussed, which include thermal treatment, exfoliation, acid-leaching and pillaring approaches. A critical discussion regarding the engineering aspects to further enhance clay-based catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation are further disclosed. In short, clays are freely available materials that can be found in abundance. However, there are many more different types of natural green clays that have not been studied and explored in various energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Keen Fan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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8
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Weng J, Zhang Q, Yu J, Yu Q, Ye G, Zhou X. Radially layered configuration for improved performance of packed bed reactors. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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10
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Van Hoecke L, Boeye D, Gonzalez‐Quiroga A, Patience GS, Perreault P. Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Computational fluid dynamics/finite volume
method–CFD
/
FVM. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Van Hoecke
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Dieter Boeye
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Arturo Gonzalez‐Quiroga
- UREMA Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Del Norte Barranquilla Atlántico Colombia
| | - Gregory S. Patience
- Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal C.P. 6079, Succ. “CV”, Montréal, H3C 3A7 Québec Canada
| | - Patrice Perreault
- Blue App University of Antwerp, Belgium, Middelheimlaan 1 Antwerp Belgium
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development (IMDO), University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 Antwerp Belgium
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11
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Numerical Simulation Study of Mixed Particle Size Calcination Processes in the Calcination Zone of a Parallel Flow Regenerative Lime Kiln. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134609. [PMID: 35806731 PMCID: PMC9267511 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Limestone of different particle sizes is often calcined together to improve production efficiency, but the calcination effect of mixed particle size limestone is difficult to guarantee. To investigate the effect of different particle size combinations on calcination, this study uses a porous media model and a shrinking core model to simulate the calcination process for a single particle size and two mixed particle sizes in a Parallel Flow Regenerative lime kiln (PFR lime kiln). The results of the study show that an increase in void fraction has a small effect on the gas temperature. The temperature also does not change with particle sizes. At the same time, the decomposition is poor near the wall and better the closer to the center of the calcination zone. In addition, when the particle sizes differ by 2 times, the decomposition of small limestone particles had less influence, and the decomposition of large particles was also better. When the particle sizes differ by 3 times, the decomposition of both limestone sizes is more affected, especially for the larger limestone size, where only the outer surface is involved in the decomposition.
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12
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Masson E, Maciejewski EM, Wheelhouse KMP, Edwards LJ. Fixed Bed Continuous Hydrogenations in Trickle Flow Mode: A Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Masson
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Erin M. Maciejewski
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Lee J. Edwards
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
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13
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Influence of Foam Morphology on Flow and Heat Transport in a Random Packed Bed with Metallic Foam Pellets-An Investigation Using CFD. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113754. [PMID: 35683052 PMCID: PMC9181048 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Open-cell metallic foams used as catalyst supports exhibit excellent transport properties. In this work, a unique application of metallic foam, as pelletized catalyst in a packed bed reactor, is examined. By using a wall-segment Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) setup, parametric analyses are carried out to investigate the influence of foam morphologies (cell size ϕ=0.45−3 mm and porosity ε=0.55−0.95) and intrinsic conductivity on flow and heat transport characteristics in a slender packed bed (N=D/dp=6.78) made of cylindrical metallic foam pellets. The transport processes have been modeled using an extended version of conventional particle-resolved CFD, i.e., flow and energy in inter-particle spaces are fully resolved, whereas the porous-media model is used for the effective transport processes inside highly-porous foam pellets. Simulation inputs include the processing parameters relevant to Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), analyzed for low (Rep~100) and high (Rep~5000) flow regimes. The effect of foam morphologies on packed beds has shown that the desired requirements contradict each other, i.e., an increase in cell size and porosity favors the reduction in pressure drop, but, it reduces the heat transfer efficiency. A design study is also conducted to find the optimum foam morphology of a cylindrical foam pellet at a higher Rep~5000, which yields ϕ = 0.45, ε = 0.8. Suitable correlations to predict the friction factor and the overall heat transfer coefficient in a foam-packed bed have been presented, which consider the effect of different foam morphologies over a range of particle Reynolds number, 100≤Rep≤5000.
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14
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Wehinger GD, Scharf F. Thermal radiation effects on heat transfer in slender packed-bed reactors: Particle-resolved CFD simulations and 2D modeling. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Non-Idealities in Lab-Scale Kinetic Testing: A Theoretical Study of a Modular Temkin Reactor. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Temkin reactor can be applied for industrial relevant catalyst testing with unmodified catalyst particles. It was assumed in the literature that this reactor behaves as a cascade of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR). However, this assumption was based only on outlet gas composition or inert residence time distribution measurements. The present work theoretically investigates the catalytic CO2 methanation as a test case on different catalyst geometries, a sphere, and a ring, inside a single Temkin reaction chamber under isothermal conditions. Axial gas-phase species profiles from detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are compared with a CSTR and 1D plug-flow reactor (PFR) model using a sophisticated microkinetic model. In addition, a 1D chemical reactor network (CRN) model was developed, and model parameters were adjusted based on the CFD simulations. Whereas the ideal reactor models overpredict the axial product concentrations, the CRN model results agree well with the CFD simulations, especially under low to medium flow rates. This study shows that complex flow patterns greatly influence species fields inside the Temkin reactor. Although residence time measurements suggest CSTR-like behavior, the reactive flow cannot be described by either a CSTR or PFR model but with the developed CRN model.
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16
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Chu M, Xin F, Zhang S, Xu Y, Zhu Z. Particle-Resolved CFD Simulations of Isobutane and 2-Butene Alkylation over Complex-Shaped Zeolite Catalysts in Fixed Bed Reactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Feng Xin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Sizhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yongsheng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC, 18 Xue Yuan Road, 100083 Beijing, China
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17
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Müller M, Kutscherauer M, Böcklein S, Wehinger G, Turek T, Mestl G. Modeling the selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride: From active site to industrial reactor. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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19
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Kutscherauer M, Böcklein S, Mestl G, Turek T, Wehinger GD. An improved contact modification routine for a computationally efficient CFD simulation of packed beds. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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20
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Micale D, Ferroni C, Uglietti R, Bracconi M, Maestri M. Computational Fluid Dynamics of Reacting Flows at Surfaces: Methodologies and Applications. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Micale
- Politecnico di Milano Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes Dipartimento di Energia via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Claudio Ferroni
- Politecnico di Milano Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes Dipartimento di Energia via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Riccardo Uglietti
- Politecnico di Milano Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes Dipartimento di Energia via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Mauro Bracconi
- Politecnico di Milano Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes Dipartimento di Energia via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Matteo Maestri
- Politecnico di Milano Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes Dipartimento di Energia via La Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
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21
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22
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Tutar M, Üstün CE, Campillo-Robles JM, Fuente R, Cibrián S, Arzua I, Fernández A, López GA. Optimized CFD modelling and validation of radiation section of an industrial top-fired steam methane reforming furnace. Comput Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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CO2 methanation in a shell and tube reactor CFD simulations: high temperatures mitigation analysis. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Jurtz N, Schönherr TD, Kraume M. Numerical investigation of mechanical axial dispersion in slender fixed‐beds. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Jurtz
- Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | - Matthias Kraume
- Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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25
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Abstract
A comprehensive review is carried out on the models and correlations for solid/fluid reactions that result from a complex multi-scale physicochemical process. A simulation of this process with CFD requires various complicated submodels and significant computational time, which often makes it undesirable and impractical in many industrial activities requiring a quick solution within a limited time frame, such as new product/process design, feasibility studies, and the evaluation or optimization of the existing processes, etc. In these circumstances, the existing models and correlations developed in the last few decades are of significant relevance and become a useful simulation tool. However, despite the increasing research interests in this area in the last thirty years, there is no comprehensive review available. This paper is thus motivated to review the models developed so far, as well as provide the selection guidance for model and correlations for the specific application to help engineers and researchers choose the most appropriate model for feasible solutions. Therefore, this review is also of practical relevance to professionals who need to perform engineering design or simulation work. The areas needing further development in solid–fluid reaction modelling are also identified and discussed.
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26
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Dixon AG. Local Structure Effects on Heat Transfer in Very Low Tube-to-Particle Diameter Ratio Fixed Beds of Spheres. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G. Dixon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
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27
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Abstract
Abstract
The reforming of methane is an important industrial process, and reactor modeling and simulation is frequently employed as a design and analysis tool in understanding this process. While much research work is devoted to catalyst formulations, reaction mechanisms, and reactor designs, this review aims to summarize the literature concerning the simulation of methane reforming. Applications in industrial practice are highlighted, and the three main approaches to representing the reactions are briefly discussed. An overview of simulation studies focusing on methane reforming is presented. The three central methods for fixed-bed reactor modeling are discussed. Various approaches and modern examples are discussed, presenting their modeling methods and key findings. The overall objective of this paper is to provide a dedicated review of simulation work done for methane reforming and provide a reference for understanding this field and identifying possible new paths.
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28
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Lin Y, Yang C, Choi C, Zhang W, Fukumoto K, Machida H, Norinaga K. Inhibition of temperature runaway phenomenon in the Sabatier process using bed dilution structure:
LBM‐DEM
simulation. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Lin
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Cheolyong Choi
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering China University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
| | - Kazui Fukumoto
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroshi Machida
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Koyo Norinaga
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
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29
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Particle-resolved CFD simulation of fixed bed pressure drop at moderate to high Reynolds number. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Moghaddam E, Foumeny E, Stankiewicz A, Padding J. Multiscale modelling of wall-to-bed heat transfer in fixed beds with non-spherical pellets: From particle-resolved CFD to pseudo-homogenous models. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Particle-Resolved Computational Fluid Dynamics as the Basis for Thermal Process Intensification of Fixed-Bed Reactors on Multiple Scales. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Process intensification of catalytic fixed-bed reactors is of vital interest and can be conducted on different length scales, ranging from the molecular scale to the pellet scale to the plant scale. Particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to characterize different reactor designs regarding optimized heat transport characteristics on the pellet scale. Packings of cylinders, Raschig rings, four-hole cylinders, and spheres were investigated regarding their impact on bed morphology, fluid dynamics, and heat transport, whereby for the latter particle shape, the influence of macroscopic wall structures on the radial heat transport was also studied. Key performance indicators such as the global heat transfer coefficient and the specific pressure drop were evaluated to compare the thermal performance of the different designs. For plant-scale intensification, effective transport parameters that are needed for simplified pseudo-homogeneous two-dimensional plug flow models were determined from the CFD results, and the accuracy of the simplified modeling approach was judged.
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32
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Micale D, Uglietti R, Bracconi M, Maestri M. Coupling Euler-Euler and Microkinetic Modeling for the Simulation of Fluidized Bed Reactors: an Application to the Oxidative Coupling of Methane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:6687-6697. [PMID: 34054213 PMCID: PMC8154421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We propose a numerical methodology to combine detailed microkinetic modeling and Eulerian-Eulerian methods for the simulation of industrial fluidized bed reactors. An operator splitting-based approach has been applied to solve the detailed kinetics coupled with the solution of multiphase gas-solid flows. Lab and industrial reactor configurations are simulated to assess the capability and the accuracy of the method by using the oxidative coupling of methane as a showcase. A good agreement with lab-scale experimental data (deviations below 10%) is obtained. Moreover, in this specific case, the proposed framework provides a 4-fold reduction of the computational cost required to reach the steady-state when compared to the approach of linearizing the chemical source term. As a whole, the work paves the way to the incorporation of detailed kinetics in the simulation of industrial fluidized reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Micale
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Uglietti
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Bracconi
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Maestri
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
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33
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Wehinger GD. Young Scientists – Juniorprofessor Gregor D. Wehinger stellt sich vor. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor D. Wehinger
- Technische Universität Clausthal Institut für Chemische und Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik Leibnizstraße 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
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34
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George GR, Bockelmann M, Schmalhorst L, Beton D, Gerstle A, Torkuhl L, Lindermeir A, Wehinger GD. Workflow for computational fluid dynamics modeling of fixed‐bed reactors packed with metal foam pellets: Hydrodynamics. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ginu R. George
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering Clausthal University of Technology Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Marina Bockelmann
- CUTEC Research Centre Clausthal University of Technology Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Lindermeir
- CUTEC Research Centre Clausthal University of Technology Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Gregor D. Wehinger
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering Clausthal University of Technology Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
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35
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Influence of Macroscopic Wall Structures on the Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Fixed Bed Reactors with Small Tube to Particle Diameter Ratio. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fixed bed reactors are widely used in the chemical, nuclear and process industry. Due to the solid particle arrangement and its resulting non-homogeneous radial void fraction distribution, the heat transfer of this reactor type is inhibited, especially for fixed bed reactors with a small tube to particle diameter ratio. This work shows that, based on three-dimensional particle-resolved discrete element method (DEM) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, it is possible to reduce the maldistribution of mono-dispersed spherical particles near the reactor wall by the use of macroscopic wall structures. As a result, the lateral convection is significantly increased leading to a better radial heat transfer. This is investigated for different macroscopic wall structures, different air flow rates (Reynolds number Re = 16 ...16,000) and a variation of tube to particle diameter ratios (2.8, 4.8, 6.8, 8.8). An increase of the radial velocity of up to 40%, a reduction of the thermal entry length of 66% and an overall heat transfer increase of up to 120% are found.
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36
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Fernengel J, Hinrichsen O. Influence of material properties on voidage of numerically generated random packed beds. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Sinn C, Wentrup J, Pesch GR, Thöming J. Heat Transport in Open-Cell Foams: CFD Analysis of Artificial Heat Sources vs Fully Resolved Exothermal Reactions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Sinn
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jonas Wentrup
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Georg R. Pesch
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Postbox 330
440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Postbox 330
440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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38
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Zhu Y, Bin Mohamad Sultan B, Nguyen X, Hornung C. Performance study and comparison between catalytic static mixer and packed bed in heterogeneous hydrogenation of vinyl acetate. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Wei X, Li T. Wooden Activated Carbon Production for Dioxin Removal via a Two-Step Process of Carbonization Coupled with Steam Activation from Biomass Wastes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5607-5618. [PMID: 33681600 PMCID: PMC7931410 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A two-step process of carbonization coupled with steam activation was proposed for wooden activated carbon production from four kinds of biomass waste materials. The TG-FTIR results show that the carbonization process started at around 250 °C and finished at 500 °C for the coconut shell, pinewood, and plywood. The carbonization temperature of corn straw was lower than those of the other three samples, which was attributed to the higher concentration of ash content. FTIR results for the volatile compounds during carbonization show that CH4, CO, CO2, and hydrocarbons are the main detected gaseous species. The CH4 and C m H n yields of pinewood and plywood are higher than those of the coconut shell and corn straw. The carbonization results on the tubular furnace reactor show that furfural and phenol and its derivatives are the main tar compounds in waste carbonization. Carbonization experiments show that a temperature of 500 °C and residence time of 30 min are the optimized parameters for the three biomass wastes. The char yields are 26.4, 25.73, and 30.38% for pinewood, plywood, and coconut shell, respectively. CFD modeling has proven that using 20% of the volatiles could achieve lowest pollution and provide heat for carbonization of biomass waste. The steam activation results show that an activation temperature of 800 °C and activation time of 30 min are suitable for all three biomass samples, which could obtain optimized AC yields and adsorption quality for dioxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoNa Wei
- School
of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - TingTing Li
- Shenyang
Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shenyang 110021, China
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40
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A two-way coupled CFD-DQMOM approach for long-term dynamic simulation of a fluidized bed reactor. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Dixon AG. Local transport and reaction rates in a fixed bed reactor tube: Exothermic partial oxidation of ethylene. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Bizon K, Continillo G. Efficient optimization of a multifunctional catalytic fixed-bed reactor via reduced-order modeling approach. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Pecha MB, Iisa K, Griffin M, Mukarakate C, French R, Adkins B, Bharadwaj VS, Crowley M, Foust TD, Schaidle JA, Ciesielski PN. Ex situ upgrading of pyrolysis vapors over PtTiO2: extraction of apparent kinetics via hierarchical transport modeling. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00339e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reaction kinetics enable predictive scaling studies and process sensitivity analyses that can substantially accelerate commercial deployment of new catalytic transformation technologies.
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44
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Becher J, Sanchez DF, Doronkin DE, Zengel D, Meira DM, Pascarelli S, Grunwaldt JD, Sheppard TL. Chemical gradients in automotive Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts for NOx removal revealed by operando X-ray spectrotomography. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-00552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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45
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Flaischlen S, Kutscherauer M, Wehinger GD. Local Structure Effects on Pressure Drop in Slender Fixed Beds of Spheres. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Flaischlen
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering Leibnizstraße 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
- Clausthal University of Technology Research Center Energy Storage Technologies (EST) Am Stollen 19A 38640 Goslar Germany
| | - Martin Kutscherauer
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering Leibnizstraße 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
- Clariant AG Waldheimer Straße 15 83052 Bruckmühl Germany
| | - Gregor D. Wehinger
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering Leibnizstraße 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
- Clausthal University of Technology Research Center Energy Storage Technologies (EST) Am Stollen 19A 38640 Goslar Germany
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46
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Eppinger T, Wehinger GD. A Generalized Contact Modification for Fixed‐Bed Reactor CFD Simulations. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eppinger
- Siemens Digital Industries Software Simulation & Test Solutions Nordostpark 3 90411 Nuremberg Germany
| | - Gregor D. Wehinger
- Clausthal University of Technology Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering Leibnizstraße 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
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47
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Particle-resolved simulation of randomly packed pebble beds with a novel fluid-solid coupling method. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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48
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Enhancing the Thermal Performance of Slender Packed Beds through Internal Heat Fins. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Slender packed beds are widely used in the chemical and process industry for heterogeneous catalytic reactions in tube-bundle reactors. Under safety and reaction engineering aspects, good radial heat transfer is of outstanding importance. However, because of local wall effects, the radial heat transport in the vicinity of the reactor wall is hindered. Particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to investigate the impact of internal heat fins on the near wall radial heat transport in slender packed beds filled with spherical particles. The simulation results are validated against experimental measurements in terms of particle count and pressure drop. The simulation results show that internal heat fins increase the conductive portion of the radial heat transport close to the reactor wall, leading to an overall increased thermal performance of the system. In a wide flow range (100<Rep<1000), an increase of up to 35% in wall heat transfer coefficient and almost 90% in effective radial thermal conductivity is observed, respectively.
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49
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Kutscherauer M, Mestl G, Böcklein S, Turek T, Wehinger G. How to synthetically generate industrially relevant fixed‐bed structures for particle‐resolved CFD simulation. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202055042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kutscherauer
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering Leibnizstr. 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
- Clariant AG Oxidation Waldheimer Str. 15 83052 Heufeld Germany
| | - G. Mestl
- Clariant AG Oxidation Waldheimer Str. 15 83052 Heufeld Germany
| | - S. Böcklein
- Clariant AG Oxidation Waldheimer Str. 15 83052 Heufeld Germany
| | - T. Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering Leibnizstr. 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - G. D. Wehinger
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering Leibnizstr. 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
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50
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Scherf S, Wehinger G, Lohrengel A. An optical method for the validation of synthetic fixed‐bed structures and CFD simulation input using machine learning. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202055298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Scherf
- TU Clausthal Institut für Chemische und Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik Leibniz Str. 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
- TU Clausthal Institut für Maschinenwesen Robert-Koch-Str. 32 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
| | - G. D. Wehinger
- TU Clausthal Institut für Chemische und Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik Leibniz Str. 17 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
| | - A. Lohrengel
- TU Clausthal Institut für Maschinenwesen Robert-Koch-Str. 32 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
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