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Agyekum EB, Khan T, Dankwa Ampah J, Giri NC, Fendzi Mbasso W, Kamel S. Review of the marine energy environment-a combination of traditional, bibliometric and PESTEL analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27771. [PMID: 38524577 PMCID: PMC10957388 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine renewable energy is regarded as a nascent renewable energy resource that is less utilized due to a number of challenges in the sector. This paper focused on using both traditional and bibliometric analysis approaches to review the marine energy industry. It also assessed the various opportunities and challenges in the sector beyond technological challenges using PESTEL analysis. The results from the study identified the availability of renewable energy targets, international and national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets, job creation, skill transfer from offshore industries, renewable support, and low GHG emissions as the major opportunities for the sector. The challenges in the sector include the lack of commonality in device designs, high initial capital costs, lack of appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks, lack of funding, fragmentations in regulatory institutions, bad macro-economic indicators in some countries, environmental challenges, the survivability of the various technologies in the harsh oceanic environment, and strong competition from other renewable energy sources. The outcome of the bibliometric analysis spanning from 2013 to 2023 shows that tidal power is the focus of research in the field, and most studies are either focused on ways to improve its efficiency in terms of technology or on the identification of resource potentials for the siting of the various marine renewable power systems. Recommendations such as strong cooperation between the government and private sector, increased public education, collaboration with existing players in the marine sector, and increased research and development, among others, were proposed for the development of the sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Bonah Agyekum
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Tahir Khan
- College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Nimay Chandra Giri
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India
- Centre for Renewable Energy and Environment, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Wulfran Fendzi Mbasso
- Laboratory of Technology and Applied Sciences, University Institute of Technology, University of Douala, PO Box: 8698, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Salah Kamel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, 81542, Egypt
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Ye Y, Yu L, Lizundia E, Zhu Y, Chen C, Jiang F. Cellulose-Based Ionic Conductor: An Emerging Material toward Sustainable Devices. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9204-9264. [PMID: 37419504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductors (ICs) find widespread applications across different fields, such as smart electronic, ionotronic, sensor, biomedical, and energy harvesting/storage devices, and largely determine the function and performance of these devices. In the pursuit of developing ICs required for better performing and sustainable devices, cellulose appears as an attractive and promising building block due to its high abundance, renewability, striking mechanical strength, and other functional features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary regarding ICs fabricated from cellulose and cellulose-derived materials in terms of fundamental structural features of cellulose, the materials design and fabrication techniques for engineering, main properties and characterization, and diverse applications. Next, the potential of cellulose-based ICs to relieve the increasing concern about electronic waste within the frame of circularity and environmental sustainability and the future directions to be explored for advancing this field are discussed. Overall, we hope this review can provide a comprehensive summary and unique perspectives on the design and application of advanced cellulose-based ICs and thereby encourage the utilization of cellulosic materials toward sustainable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Ye
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Le Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48013, Spain
- BCMaterials Lab, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Yeling Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Chaoji Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Rahman MM. Membranes for Osmotic Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:164. [PMID: 36837667 PMCID: PMC9963266 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the utilization of the selective ion transport through porous membranes for osmotic power generation (blue energy) has received a lot of attention. The principal of power generation using the porous membranes is same as that of conventional reverse electrodialysis (RED), but nonporous ion exchange membranes are conventionally used for RED. The ion transport mechanisms through the porous and nonporous membranes are considerably different. Unlike the conventional nonporous membranes, the ion transport through the porous membranes is largely dictated by the principles of nanofluidics. This owes to the fact that the osmotic power generation via selective ion transport through porous membranes is often referred to as nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis (NRED) or nanopore-based power generation (NPG). While RED using nonporous membranes has already been implemented on a pilot-plant scale, the progress of NRED/NPG has so far been limited in the development of small-scale, novel, porous membrane materials. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the membrane design concepts of nanofluidic porous membranes for NPG/NRED. A brief description of material design concepts of conventional nonporous membranes for RED is provided as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mushfequr Rahman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Membrane Research, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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Karakoç E, Güler E. Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Two Types of Polyepichlorohydrin-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Reverse Electrodialysis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030257. [PMID: 35323732 PMCID: PMC8950119 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of the most effective, suitable and economic ion-exchange membranes is crucial for reverse electrodialysis (RED)—the most widely studied process to harvest salinity gradient energy from mixing seawater and river water. RED utilizes two types of membranes as core elements, namely cation exchange membranes (CEM) and anion exchange membranes (AEM). Since the preparation of AEMs is more complex compared to CEMs, the design and development of anion exchange membranes have been the focus in this study. Homogeneous AEMs based on two types of polyepichlorohydrin (PECH) with different chlorine amounts (PECH-H, 37 wt% and PECH-C, 25 wt%) were synthesized, and first-time benchmarking of the membrane properties was conducted. In addition to physicochemical membrane properties, some instrumental analyses such as SEM, FTIR and DSC were investigated to characterize these anion-exchange membranes. Based on the results, although the PECH-H-type membrane had enhanced ion-exchange properties, PECH-C-based anion-exchange membranes exhibited a higher power density of 0.316 W/m2 in a lab-scale RED system. Evidently, there is room for the development of new types of PECH-C-based AEMs with great potential for energy generation in the RED process.
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