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Liu X, Fan B, Chopp M, Zhang Z. Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Adult Post Stroke Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6179. [PMID: 32867041 PMCID: PMC7504398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains the leading cause of adult disability. Post-stroke neurogenesis contributes to functional recovery. As an intrinsic neurorestorative process, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying stroke-induced neurogenesis and to develop therapies designed specifically to augment neurogenesis. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification and its mediation by microRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs. In this review, we highlight how epigenetic factors including DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs mediate stroke-induced neurogenesis including neural stem cell self-renewal and cell fate determination. We also summarize therapies targeting these mechanisms in the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (B.F.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Baoyan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (B.F.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (B.F.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Zhenggang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (B.F.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.)
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Abstract
Glioma, the most common and aggressive type of brain tumor, has a poor prognosis. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to be responsible for glioma genesis, proliferation, resistance to chemoradiotherapy, and recurrence. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been viewed as a prospective novel target in glioma therapy in recent years due to their functional roles in GSC biological processes. However, how lncRNAs interact with GSCs and the underlining mechanisms associated with these interactions are not yet clear. In this review, we briefly illustrate recent advancements in the functional roles of lncRNA and their potential mechanisms in GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Afliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhengwen He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Afliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Pop S, Enciu AM, Necula LG, Tanase C. Long non-coding RNAs in brain tumours: Focus on recent epigenetic findings in glioma. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4597-4610. [PMID: 30117678 PMCID: PMC6156469 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma biology is a major focus in tumour research, primarily due to the aggressiveness and high mortality rate of its most aggressive form, glioblastoma. Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms behind poor prognosis of glioblastoma, regardless of treatment approaches, has changed the classification of brain tumours after nearly 100 years of relying on anatomopathological criteria. Expanding knowledge in genetic, epigenetic and translational medicine is also beginning to contribute to further elucidating molecular dysregulation in glioma. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their main representatives, large intergenic non‐coding RNAs (lincRNAs), have recently been under scrutiny in glioma research, revealing novel mechanisms of pathogenesis and reinforcing others. Among those confirmed was the reactivation of events significant for foetal brain development and neuronal commitment. Novel mechanisms of tumour suppression and activation of stem‐like behaviour in tumour cells have also been examined. Interestingly, these processes involve lncRNAs that are present both during normal brain development and in brain malignancies and their reactivation might be explained by epigenetic mechanisms, which we discuss in detail in the present review. In addition, the review discusses the lncRNAs‐induced changes, as well as epigenetic changes that are consequential for tumour formation, affecting, in turn, the expression of various types of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinci Pop
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura G Necula
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,"Stefan N. Nicolau" National Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, Bucharest, Romania
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Long Non-Coding RNAs in Neuronal Aging. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:ncrna4020012. [PMID: 29670042 PMCID: PMC6027360 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in organismal genomes has been associated with the emergence of sophisticated regulatory networks that may have contributed to more complex neuronal processes, such as higher-order cognition. In line with the important roles of lncRNAs in the normal functioning of the human brain, dysregulation of lncRNA expression has been implicated in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. In this paper, we discuss the function and expression of known neuronal-associated lncRNAs, their impact on epigenetic changes, the contribution of transposable elements to lncRNA expression, and the implication of lncRNAs in maintaining the 3D nuclear architecture in neurons. Moreover, we discuss how the complex molecular processes that are orchestrated by lncRNAs in the aged brain may contribute to neuronal pathogenesis by promoting protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Finally, this review explores the possibility that age-related disturbances of lncRNA expression change the genomic and epigenetic regulatory landscape of neurons, which may affect neuronal processes such as neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
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Wang L, Yu Z, Sun S, Peng J, Xiao R, Chen S, Zuo X, Cheng Q, Xia Y. Long non-coding RNAs: potential molecular biomarkers for gliomas diagnosis and prognosis. Rev Neurosci 2018; 28:375-380. [PMID: 28107175 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current grade classification system of gliomas is based on the histopathological features of these tumors and has great significance in defining groups of patients for clinical assessment. However, this classification system is also associated with a number of limitations, and as such, additional clinical assessment criteria are required. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in cellular functions and are currently regarded as potential biomarkers for glioma diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, the molecular classification of glioma based on lncRNA expression may provide additional information to assist in the systematic identification of glioma. In the present paper, we review the emerging evidence indicating that specific lncRNAs may have the potential for use as key novel biomarkers and thus provide a powerful tool for the systematic diagnosis of glioma.
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Wang L, Deng Y, Duan D, Sun S, Ge L, Zhuo Y, Yuan T, Wu P, Wang H, Lu M, Xia Y. Hyperthermia influences fate determination of neural stem cells with lncRNAs alterations in the early differentiation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171359. [PMID: 28234910 PMCID: PMC5325184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temperature is an important parameter in the microenvironment of neural stem cells (NSCs); however, little is known about the precise effects of hyperthermia on fate determination in NSCs or the role of long non-coding (lnc)RNAs in this process. This was addressed in the present study using NSCs cultured at two different temperatures. Methods NSCs were divided into 37NSC and 40NSC groups that were cultured at 37°C or 40°C, respectively, for 72 h. Neuronal or glial cell differentiation was evaluated by flow cytometry and western blotting. LncRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Results The numbers of cells positive for the neuronal marker Tuj-1 and the glial cell marker glial fibrillary acidic protein were higher in the 40NSC than in the 37NSC group. The two groups also showed distinct lncRNA expression profiles. Conclusion Hyperthermia promotes neuronal and glial differentiation in NSCs, which involves specific lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Central South University, Haikou, Hsinan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujia Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Da Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuaiqi Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Central South University, Haikou, Hsinan, China
| | - Lite Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (ML)
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Central South University, Haikou, Hsinan, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (ML)
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