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El Haj M, Ndobo A, Moustafa AA, Allain P. "What Did I Tell This Sad Person?": Memory for Emotional Destinations in Korsakoff's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051919. [PMID: 36902708 PMCID: PMC10003535 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated destination memory, defined as the ability to remember to whom a piece of information was previously transmitted, for emotional destinations (i.e., a happy or sad person) in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). We asked patients with KS and control participants to tell facts to neutral, positive, or negative faces. On a subsequent recognition task, participants had to decide to whom they told each fact. Compared with control participants, patients with KS demonstrated lower recognition of neutral, emotionally positive, and emotionally negative destinations. Patients with KS demonstrated lower recognition of emotionally negative than for emotionally positive or neutral destinations, but there were no significant differences between recognition of neutral and emotionally positive destinations. Our study demonstrates a compromised ability to process negative destinations in KS. Our study highlights the relationship between memory decline and impaired emotional processing in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Faculté de Psychologie, Nantes Université, Chemin la Censive du Tertre—BP 81227, CEDEX 3, 44312 Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, 59200 Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75000 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - André Ndobo
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Faculté de Psychologie, Nantes Université, Chemin la Censive du Tertre—BP 81227, CEDEX 3, 44312 Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, School of Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL EA 4638), SFR Confluences, Maison de la Recherche Germaine Tillion, Université d’Angers, 5 bis Boulevard Lavoisier, CEDEX 01, 49045 Angers, France
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Lenoble Q, El Haj M. “Look at Me” – Eye Movements During Autobiographical Retrieval in Face-to-Face Interactions. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. There has been a surge in social cognition and social neurosciences research comparing laboratory and real eye movements. Eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories (i.e., personal memories) in laboratory situations are also receiving more attention. We compared eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories using a strict laboratory design versus a design mimicking social interactions. In the first design, eye movements were recorded during autobiographical memory retrieval while participants were looking at a blank screen; in the second design, participants wore eye-tracking glasses and communicated autobiographical memories to the experimenter. Compared with the “screen” design, the “glasses” design yielded more fixations ( p < .05), shorter duration of fixations ( p < .001), more saccades ( p < .01), and longer duration of saccades ( p < .001). These findings demonstrate how eye movements during autobiographical memory retrieval differ between strict laboratory design and face-to-face interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Lenoble
- UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, CNRS, CHU Lille, University of Lille, France
- U1172 – LilNCog – Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, CHU Lille, University of Lille, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL – EA 4638), University of Angers, Nantes University, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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El Haj M, Boudoukha AH, Moustafa AA. Future-Oriented Repetitive Thought: Pessimistic View of Future in Patients With Alzheimer Disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2021; 34:216-221. [PMID: 32378448 DOI: 10.1177/0891988720924723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we, for the first time, evaluated future-oriented repetitive thought in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), that is, how they think and worry about the future. METHODS We administered the Future-Oriented Repetitive Thought scale to 34 patients with AD and 37 control participants. This scale assessed 3 categories of future-oriented repetitive thought: (1) pessimistic repetitive future thinking (eg, "I think about the possibility of losing people or things that are important to me"), (2) repetitive thinking about future goals (eg, "I make specific plans for how to get things that I want in life"), and (3) positive indulging about the future (eg, "When I picture good things happening in my future, it is as if they were actually happening to me now"). RESULTS Analysis demonstrated more pessimistic repetitive future thinking, but less repetitive thinking about future goals and positive indulging about the future, in patients with AD than in control participants. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a pessimistic view of future in patients with AD, which is possibly attributed to hopelessness and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), 27045Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Abdel Halim Boudoukha
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), 27045Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, 6489Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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Janssen SM, Foo A, Johnson SN, Lim A, Satel J. Looking at remembering: Eye movements, pupil size, and autobiographical memory. Conscious Cogn 2021; 89:103089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Roche J, Pasquier F, Kapogiannis D, Gallouj K, Antoine P. The "authentic subjective experience" of memory in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:201-207. [PMID: 33335759 PMCID: PMC7712381 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research has mainly focused on the decline of the subjective experience in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, few attempts have been made to evaluate whether subjective experience may be maintained in AD. In this narrative review, we attempt to provide a positive view, according to which patients with AD can enjoy, to some extent, subjective experience during memory retrieval. Memory and expression difficulties (e.g., aphasia) limit the ability of patients with AD to describe their memories, resulting in a little specificity of reported memories. However, according to the “authentic subjective experience” view, we propose in this study that the ability to mentally relive these memories could be preserved in the patients. By proposing the authentic subjective experience view, we attempt to provide an alternative view to the general consideration that the patients suffer a diminished subjective experience. This view can contribute to a larger clinical framework that gives a positive meaning to the subjective experience of patients with AD. Furthermore, several clinical and empirical implications can be drawn from the authentic subjective experience view, including the possibility to evaluate behavioral correlates of the subjective experience in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Univ Nantes, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, EA 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jean Roche
- CHU de Lille, Unité de Psychogériatrie, Pôle de gérontologie, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- University Lille Nord de France UDSL and Memory Clinic, CHU, Lille, France
| | | | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA. Pupil dilation as an indicator of future thinking. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:647-653. [PMID: 32651856 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pupil typically dilates in reaction to cognitive load. In this study, we, for the first time, investigated whether future thinking (i.e., the ability to generate hypothetical scenarios in the future) would result in pupil dilation. METHODS We recorded pupil dilation of participants during two conditions: past and future thinking. In past thinking, we invited participants to retrieve past personal events, while in future thinking, we invited them to imagine an event that may occur in the future. RESULTS Analysis demonstrated a larger pupil size during future than past thinking. Results also demonstrated longer retrieval time of future events compared with past ones, suggesting that future thinking perhaps requires more cognitive load than for past thinking. Interestingly, retrieval times during past and future thinking were positively correlated with pupil size. DISCUSSION The finding that future thinking activates pupil dilation could be due to the fact that while both past and future thinking require retrieving information from memory, future, but not past, thinking additionally requires the ability to recombine this information into novel scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Nantes Université, F-44000, Nantes, France. .,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. .,Faculté de Psychologie, LPPL-Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Université de Nantes, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, BP 81227, 44312, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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El Haj M, M. J. Janssen S, Gallouj K, Lenoble Q. Autobiographical Memory Increases Pupil Dilation. Transl Neurosci 2019; 10:280-287. [PMID: 31915538 PMCID: PMC6943370 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pupil activity has been widely considered as a "summed index" of physiological activities during cognitive processing. METHODOLOGY We investigated pupil dilation during retrieval of autobiographical memory and compared pupil diameter with a control condition in which participants had to count aloud. We also measured pupil diameters retrieval of free (i.e., first memory that comes to mind), positive, and negative memories (memories associated, respectively, with the words "happy" and "sad"). RESULTS Analyses demonstrated larger pupil diameters during the free, positive, and negative autobiographical memory retrieval than during the control task. Analyses also demonstrated no significant differences in pupil diameters across the three autobiographical memory conditions. CONCLUSION These outcomes demonstrate that, compared with counting, autobiographical retrieval results in a larger pupil size. However, the emotional valence of memories yields non-significant effect on pupil diameters. Our findings demonstrate how autobiographical memory retrieval yields pupil dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), F-44000Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Quentin Lenoble
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000Lille, France
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Nandrino JL, Gandolphe MC, Saloppe X, Daoudi M, Moustafa AA, El Haj M. The face of memory: experiential avoidance and facial expressions during the retrieval of autobiographical memories. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2019.1637879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Louis Nandrino
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Marie Charlotte Gandolphe
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Saloppe
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
- Research Center in Social Defense, Tournai, Belgium
- Psychiatric Hospital, Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, France
| | - Mohamed Daoudi
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9189 – CRIStAL – Centre de Recherche en Informatique Signal et Automatique de Lille, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Faculté de Psychologie, LPPL – Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Nandrino JL. Future Thinking in Korsakoff Syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:455-462. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Prior research has been mainly concerned with the ability of patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS) to project themselves into the past. Little is known about the patients’ ability to project themselves into the future. We therefore compared past and future thinking in patients with KS.
Methods
We invited patients with KS and control participants to retrieve past events and reconstruct future events. Participants were also invited to rate subjective characteristics (i.e. time travel, emotional feeling, and visual imagery) of the past and future events.
Results
Patients with KS demonstrated low specificity, time travel, and emotional experience during past and future thinking. However, while lower emotional experience was observed in patients with KS than in the control participants during future thinking, no significant differences were observed between the two populations during past thinking. Regarding within-group comparisons, patients with KS demonstrated no significant differences between past and future thinking in terms of specificity, time travel, and visual imagery; however, they demonstrated higher emotional experience during past than during future thinking. Regarding control participants, they demonstrated no significant differences between past and future thinking in terms of specificity, time travel, emotional experience, and visual imagery.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate a diminished ability to construct specific future scenarios as well as a diminished subjective experience during future thinking in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Univ Nantes, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, EA 4638, Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193—SCALab—Sciences Cognitives et, Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
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