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Saravanan M, Xu R, Roby O, Wang Y, Zhu S, Lu A, Du J. Tissue-Specific Sex Difference in Mouse Eye and Brain Metabolome Under Fed and Fasted States. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:18. [PMID: 36892534 PMCID: PMC10010444 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Visual physiology and various ocular diseases demonstrate sexual dimorphisms; however, how sex influences metabolism in different eye tissues remains undetermined. This study aims to address common and tissue-specific sex differences in metabolism in the retina, RPE, lens, and brain under fed and fasted conditions. Methods After ad libitum fed or being deprived of food for 18 hours, mouse eye tissues (retina, RPE/choroid, and lens), brain, and plasma were harvested for targeted metabolomics. The data were analyzed with both partial least squares-discriminant analysis and volcano plot analysis. Results Among 133 metabolites that cover major metabolic pathways, we found 9 to 45 metabolites that are sex different in different tissues under the fed state and 6 to 18 metabolites under the fasted state. Among these sex-different metabolites, 33 were changed in 2 or more tissues, and 64 were tissue specific. Pantothenic acid, hypotaurine, and 4-hydroxyproline were the top commonly changed metabolites. The lens and the retina had the most tissue-specific, sex-different metabolites enriched in the metabolism of amino acid, nucleotide, lipids, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. The lens and the brain had more similar sex-different metabolites than other ocular tissues. The female RPE and female brain were more sensitive to fasting with more decreased metabolites in amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycles, and glycolysis. The plasma had the fewest sex-different metabolites, with very few overlapping changes with tissues. Conclusions Sex has a strong influence on eye and brain metabolism in tissue-specific and metabolic state-specific manners. Our findings may implicate the sexual dimorphisms in eye physiology and susceptibility to ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghashri Saravanan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Olivia Roby
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Yekai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Siyan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
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Wang L, Hu Z, Chen H, Sheng X, Qin R, Shao P, Yang Z, Yao W, Zhao H, Xu Y, Bai F. Applying Retinal Vascular Structures Characteristics Coupling with Cortical Visual System in Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum Patients. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020339. [PMID: 36831883 PMCID: PMC9954049 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical visual system dysfunction is closely related to the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), while retinal vascular structures play an important role in the integrity of the function of the visual network and are a potential biomarker of AD. This study explored the association between the cortical visual system and retinal vascular structures in AD-spectrum patients, and it established a screening tool to detect preclinical AD based on these parameters identified in a retinal examination. A total of 42 subjects were enrolled and were distributed into two groups: 22 patients with cognitive impairment and 20 healthy controls. All participants underwent neuropsychological tests, optical coherence tomography angiography and resting-state fMRI imaging. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was used to construct the cortical visual network. The association of functional connectivity of the cortical visual system and retinal vascular structures was further explored in these subjects. This study found that the cognitive impairment group displayed prominently decreased functional connectivity of the cortical visual system mainly involving the right inferior temporal gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus and right postcentral gyrus. Meanwhile, we observed that retinal vascular structure characteristics deteriorated with the decline in functional connectivity in the cortical visual system. Our study provided novel insights into the aberrant cortical visual system in patients with cognitive impairment that strongly emphasized the critical role of retinal vascular structure characteristics, which could be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zheqi Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing 210008, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoning Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ruomeng Qin
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing 210008, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weina Yao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing 210008, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing 210008, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing 210008, China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-83105960
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López-Higuera JM. Sensing Using Light: A Key Area of Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:6562. [PMID: 34640881 PMCID: PMC8512037 DOI: 10.3390/s21196562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This invited featured paper offers a Doctrinal Conception of sensing using Light (SuL) as an "umbrella" in which any sensing approach using Light Sciences and Technologies can be easily included. The key requirements of a sensing system will be quickly introduced by using a bottom-up methodology. Thanks to this, it will be possible to get a general conception of a sensor using Light techniques and know some related issues, such as its main constituted parts and types. The case in which smartness is conferred to the device is also considered. A quick "flight" over 10 significant cases using different principles, techniques, and technologies to detect diverse measurands in various sector applications is offered to illustrate this general concept. After reading this paper, any sensing approach using Light Sciences and Technologies may be easily included under the umbrella: sensing using Light or photonic sensors (PS).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel López-Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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