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Chang YL, Chen SJ, Kao CL, Hung SC, Ding DC, Yu CC, Chen YJ, Ku HH, Lin CP, Lee KH, Chen YC, Wang JJ, Hsu CC, Chen LK, Li HY, Chiou SH. Docosahexaenoic Acid Promotes Dopaminergic Differentiation in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Inhibits Teratoma Formation in Rats with Parkinson-Like Pathology. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:313-32. [PMID: 21669041 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x580572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have shown potential for differentiation and may become a resource of functional neurons for the treatment of PD. However, teratoma formation is a major concern for transplantation-based therapies. This study examined whether functional neurons could be efficiently generated from iPS cells using a five-step induction procedure combined with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) treatment. We demonstrated that DHA, a ligand for the RXR/Nurr1 heterodimer, significantly activated expression of the Nurr1 gene and the Nurr1-related pathway in iPS cells. DHA treatment facilitated iPS differentiation into tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in vitro and in vivo and functionally increased dopamine release in transplanted grafts in PD-like animals. Furthermore, DHA dramatically upregulated the endogenous expression levels of neuroprotective genes ( Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor) and protected against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced apoptosis in iPS-derived neuronal precursor cells. DHA-treated iPS cells significantly improved the behavior of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated PD-like rats compared to control or eicosapentaenoic acid-treated group. Importantly, the in vivo experiment suggests that DHA induces the differentiation of functional dopaminergic precursors and improves the abnormal behavior of 6-OHDA-treated PD-like rats by 4 months after transplantation. Furthermore, we found that DHA treatment in iPS cell-grafted rats significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of embryonic stem cell-specific genes (Oct-4 and c-Myc) in the graft and effectively blocked teratoma formation. Importantly, 3 Tesla-magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo green fluorescence protein imaging revealed that no teratomas were present in transplanted grafts of DHA-treated iPS-derived DA neurons 4 months after implantation. Therefore, our data suggest that DHA plays a crucial role in iPS differentiation into functional DA neurons and that this approach could provide a novel therapeutic approach for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Lih Chang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lan Kao
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital & Tzu Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology and Biomaterial Science, Chung-Shan Medical University & Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hai Ku
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Po Lin
- Brain Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hsiung Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center & Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center & Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yang Li
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Madison JL, Wegrzynowicz M, Aschner M, Bowman AB. Gender and manganese exposure interactions on mouse striatal neuron morphology. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:896-906. [PMID: 21641932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gender differences in sensitivity and toxicokinetics of multiple metals have been identified in humans. A recent study suggested that young girls performed worse on intellectual exams than young boys exposed to manganese (Mn) in the environment. Animal studies have shown that Mn exposure causes differential effects on behavior in male compared to female mice. We hypothesized that in response to Mn exposure striatal Mn accumulation and/or striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN) morphology show gender-dependent effects. We evaluated the contribution of gender to neuropathology by examining striatal MSN morphology in male and female mice exposed to Mn. We found that gender played a significant role in alterations of striatal MSN morphology in mice exposed to Mn. Gender-dependent changes were strongest when striatal Mn levels were elevated 24h following the final Mn exposure. Nevertheless, gender-dependent alterations in neuron morphology were still present 3 weeks after the final Mn exposure. Gender differences in neuron morphology were not due to differential striatal Mn accumulation between genders. We conclude that although gender does not affect striatal Mn accumulation, MSN morphology is differentially sensitive to elevated Mn levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Madison
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Navailles S, Bioulac B, Gross C, De Deurwaerdère P. Serotonergic neurons mediate ectopic release of dopamine induced by L-DOPA in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 38:136-43. [PMID: 20096781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefit and motor side effects of l-DOPA in Parkinson's disease have been related to dopamine transmission in the striatum. However, the putative involvement of serotonergic neurons in the dopaminergic effects of l-DOPA suggests that the striatum is not a preferential target of l-DOPA. By using microdialysis in a rat model of Parkinson's disease, we found that l-DOPA (3-100 mg/kg) increased dopamine extracellular levels monitored simultaneously in four brain regions receiving serotonergic innervation: striatum, substantia nigra, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex. The increase was regionally similar at the lowest dose and 2-3 times stronger in the striatum at higher doses. Citalopram, a serotonin reuptake blocker, or the destruction of serotonergic fibers by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine impaired l-DOPA-induced dopamine release in all regions. These data demonstrate that l-DOPA induces an ectopic release of dopamine due to serotonergic neurons. The new pattern of dopamine transmission created by l-DOPA may contribute to the benefit and side effects of l-DOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Navailles
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5227, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
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