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Lipophilic Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of Opuntia ficus-indica Root Extracts from Algeria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911161. [PMID: 36232458 PMCID: PMC9569945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition, investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and antibacterial activity of lipophilic extractives of three varieties of Opuntia ficus-indica roots from Algeria are reported in this paper for the first time. The results obtained revealed a total of 55 compounds, including fatty acids, sterols, monoglycerides and long chain aliphatic alcohols that were identified and quantified. β-Sitosterol was found as the major compound of the roots of the three varieties. Furthermore, considerable amounts of essential fatty acids (ω3, ω6, and ω9) such as oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were also identified. The green variety was the richest among the three studied varieties. The antibacterial activity, evaluated with disc diffusion method, revealed that lipophilic extracts were effective mainly against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (19~23 mm). Gram-negative strains mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa gave an inhibition zone of 18 mm, which is considered high antibacterial activity. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the tested bacteria revealed interesting values against the majority of bacteria tested: 75–100 µg mL−1 for Bacillus sp., 250–350 µg/mL for the two Staphylococcus strains, 550–600 µg mL−1 for E. coli, and 750–950 µg mL−1 obtained with Pseudomonas sp. This study allows us to conclude that the lipophilic fractions of cactus roots possess interesting phytochemicals such as steroids, some fatty acids and long chain alcohols that acted as antibiotic-like compounds countering pathogenic strains.
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Mounika A, Ilangovan B, Mandal S, Shraddha Yashwant W, Priya Gali S, Shanmugam A. Prospects of ultrasonically extracted food bioactives in the field of non-invasive biomedical applications - A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 89:106121. [PMID: 35987106 PMCID: PMC9403563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Foods incorporated with bioactive compounds, called nutraceuticals, can fight or prevent or alleviate diseases. The contribution of nutraceuticals or phytochemicals to non-invasive biomedical applications is increasing. Although there are many traditional methods for extracting bioactive compounds or secondary metabolites, these processes come with many disadvantages like lower yield, longer process time, high energy consumption, more usage of solvent, yielding low active principles with low efficacy against diseases, poor quality, poor mass transfer, higher extraction temperature, etc. However, nullifying all these disadvantages of a non-thermal technology, ultrasound has played a significant role in delivering them with higher yield and improved bio-efficacy. The physical and chemical effects of acoustic cavitation are the crux of the output. This review paper primarily discusses the ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) of bioactives in providing non-invasive prevention and cure to diseases and bodily dysfunctions in human and animal models. The outputs of non-invasive bioactive components in terms of yield and the clinical efficacy in either in vitro or in vitro conditions are discussed in detail. The non-invasive biomedical applications of USAE bioactives providing anticancer, antioxidant, cardiovascular health, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial benefits are analyzed in-depth and appraised. This review additionally highlights the improved performance of USAE compounds against conventionally extracted compounds. In addition, an exhaustive analysis is performed on the role and application of the food bioactives in vivo and in vitro systems, mainly for promoting these efficient USAE bioactives in non-invasive biomedical applications. Also, the review explores the recovery of bioactives from the less explored food sources like cactus pear fruit, ash gourd, sweet granadilla, basil, kokum, baobab, and the food processing industrial wastes like peel, pomace, propolis, wine residues, bran, etc., which is rare in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addanki Mounika
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Bhaargavi Ilangovan
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Sushmita Mandal
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Waghaye Shraddha Yashwant
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Swetha Priya Gali
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Akalya Shanmugam
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India; Centre of Excellence in Non-Thermal Processing, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India.
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Salam HS, Tawfik MM, Elnagar MR, Mohammed HA, Zarka MA, Awad NS. Potential Apoptotic Activities of Hylocereus undatus Peel and Pulp Extracts in MCF-7 and Caco-2 Cancer Cell Lines. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172192. [PMID: 36079573 PMCID: PMC9459728 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a huge demand for novel anticancer agents with fewer side effects compared to current therapies. Pitaya, or dragon fruit, is a reservoir of potent anticancer compounds. This research aimed to analyze the phytochemical components of Hylocereus undatus pulp and peel extracts using LC-MS and GC-MS, and to investigate the in vitro effects of both extracts against cancer (breast, MCF-7, and colon, Caco-2) and normal (lung; WI-38 and breast; MCF-10A) cell proliferation using the MTT assay. The apoptosis potential of the anticancer effects was also evaluated using flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and Western blot. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the peel extract were significantly higher than those in the pulp extract. Compared to the flavonoid and phenolic acid standards, the LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of nine compounds, which were represented as 84.32 and 5.29 µg/g of the flavonoids and 686.11 and 148.72 µg/g of the phenolic acids in the peel and pulp extracts, respectively. Among the identified compounds, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and rutin were found at the highest concentration in both plant extracts. Both extracts displayed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and Caco-2 cancer cells after 48 h of treatment at IC50 values ranging from 14 to 53 μg/mL with high selective indices against normal WI-38 and MCF-10A cell lines. The increase in apoptosis was revealed by the overexpression of p53, BAX, and caspase-9 and the downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expressions. The results indicate that H. undatus extracts can be a plant source for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin S. Salam
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12563, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Tawfik
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elnagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11823, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
- Correspondence: (M.R.E.); (H.A.M.)
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11823, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.R.E.); (H.A.M.)
| | - Mohamed A. Zarka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October City, Giza 12563, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Nabil S. Awad
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12563, Egypt
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
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Kadda S, Belabed A, Loukili EH, Hammouti B, Fadlaoui S. Temperature and extraction methods effects on yields, fatty acids, and tocopherols of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) seed oil of eastern region of Morocco. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:158-166. [PMID: 34648165 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the effect of temperature and extraction methods on the yields, chemical quality, fatty acids, and tocopherols of the oil extracted from the seeds of Opuntia ficus-indica, collected in the eastern region of Morocco. Our results revealed the effect of temperature that when we increase the temperature used, the yields also increase; the results also showed that this high temperature does not affect the physicochemical properties, fatty acids, and tocopherols. Thus, the results of this study revealed that the prickly pear is a rich source of oil; the obtained oil yields varied from 12.49%±0.09 for mechanical extraction, 11.46±0.10 for chemical extraction, and 10.52%±0.09 for maceration. The main fatty acids founded in Opuntia ficus-indica are linoleic acid 75.80%±0.10 (chemical), 74.07%±0.14 (maceration), and 71.59%±0.14 (mechanical) and palmitic acid 17.32%±0.02 (chemical), 22.419%±0.06 (maceration), and 26.58%±0.00 (mechanical); prickly pear oil could be classified as a linoleic acid. The physicochemical properties of Opuntia ficus-indica seed oils such as acid index mgKOH/g oil (4,376±0.10, 5.854±0.03, 5.667±0.07), saponification value mgKOH/g oil (181.12 ±0.18, 183.77±1.23, 179.08±3.45), and peroxide value 20milieq/Kg (5.75±0.08, 6±0.06, 5.97±0.04) for mechanical, chemical, and maceration extraction, respectively, density, and refractive index were all found to be in good accordance with quality criteria for both pure and fresh oils. Among the tocopherols found, a high value of γ-tocopherol was detected in mechanical extraction with 502.04±0.76 mg/kg, followed by chemical extraction and maceration with 430.12±0.61mg/kg and 315.47±0.96 mg/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Kadda
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Environment, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Abdelmadjid Belabed
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Environment, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - El Hassania Loukili
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Materials and Environment, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Materials and Environment, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Soufiane Fadlaoui
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Environment, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
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Vardeman E, Vandebroek I. Caribbean Women's Health and Transnational Ethnobotany. ECONOMIC BOTANY 2021; 76:205-226. [PMID: 34522053 PMCID: PMC8432280 DOI: 10.1007/s12231-021-09526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Caribbean Women's Health and Transnational Ethnobotany. Immigrants from the Dominican Republic (DR) and Haiti are among the top foreign-born communities in New York City (NYC). As people migrate to new countries, they bring their ethnomedical beliefs and practices, and adapt their plant pharmacopoeias. Haiti and the DR share a flora on the island of Hispaniola. In NYC, the flora is limited to what is available in the city. We selected plants for future laboratory research based on ethnobotanical data from two surveys among Dominicans in the DR and NYC, and a Haitian literature review. In both Dominican datasets, gynecological infections were the top women's health condition treated with plants. We identified 10 species for this purpose reported by Dominicans that are also known medicines in Haitian culture, although not yet documented for women's health. Plants for gynecological infections potentially cause dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, and may increase rather than prevent disease. There is a public health need to assess traditional medicines for their ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria, while causing minimal disruption to the vaginal flora. Several species are known antibacterials, but remain to be tested for their efficacy. These results also provide a foundation for a planned ethnobotanical survey among NYC Haitian women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12231-021-09526-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Vardeman
- The New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Economic Botany, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458 USA
- City University of New York, Graduate Center, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Ina Vandebroek
- The New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Economic Botany, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458 USA
- City University of New York, Graduate Center, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA
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Phytochemistry and biological activities of Opuntia seed oils: Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. and Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. A review. HERBA POLONICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2021-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Opuntia species belong to semi-arid and arid regions of Mexico and the United States. O. ficus-indica and O. dillenii are commonly used in alternative medicine to treat various diseases. Up to date, several scientific works have been carried out on the different parts of these plants. However, over the last few years, studies have been focusing on the oil obtained from the fruit seeds of these species. For this reason, this study aims to draw the attention of researchers toward the phytochemical and the pharmacological effects of these two Opuntia oils, which would help set up other scientific projects that promote these products. Phytochemical studies have shown that these oils are rich in biologically active molecules, such as unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols (mainly linoleic acid and β-sitosterol), as well as vitamin E, which is represented only by the γ-tocopherol. Besides, these oils are rich in polyphenols that protect them from photo-oxidation. Moreover, several studies have shown their antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and gastroprotective activities, as well as their hypolipidemic properties. The beneficial effects of these oils include also their ability to block the weight loss, and what makes them more interesting is their safety, according to the literature.
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Khaled S, Dahmoune F, Madani K, Urieta JS, Mainar AM. Supercritical fractionation of antioxidants from algerian
Opuntia ficus
‐
indica
(L.) Mill. seeds. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Souad Khaled
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université de Bejaia Bejaia Algérie
| | - Farid Dahmoune
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie, et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université de Bejaia Bejaia Algérie
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre Université de Bouira Bouira Algérie
| | - Khodir Madani
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agro‐Alimentaires Université de Bejaia Algérie
| | - José Santiago Urieta
- GATHERS Group, I3A (Aragón Institute of Engineering Research) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ana Maria Mainar
- GATHERS Group, I3A (Aragón Institute of Engineering Research) Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
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