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Etemadpour R, Shintree S, Shereen AD. Brain Activity is Influenced by How High Dimensional Data are Represented: An EEG Study of Scatterplot Diagnostic (Scagnostics) Measures. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS RESEARCH 2024; 8:19-49. [PMID: 38273981 PMCID: PMC10805893 DOI: 10.1007/s41666-023-00145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Visualization and visual analytic tools amplify one's perception of data, facilitating deeper and faster insights that can improve decision making. For multidimensional data sets, one of the most common approaches of visualization methods is to map the data into lower dimensions. Scatterplot matrices (SPLOM) are often used to visualize bivariate relationships between combinations of variables in a multidimensional dataset. However, the number of scatterplots increases quadratically with respect to the number of variables. For high dimensional data, the corresponding enormous number of scatterplots makes data exploration overwhelmingly complex, thereby hindering the usefulness of SPLOM in human decision making processes. One approach to address this difficulty utilizes Graph-theoretic Scatterplot Diagnostic (Scagnostics) to automatically extract a subset of scatterplots with salient features and of manageable size with the hope that the data will be sufficient for improving human decisions. In this paper, we use Electroencephalogram (EEG) to observe brain activity while participants make decisions informed by scatterplots created using different visual measures. We focused on 4 categories of Scagnostics measures: Clumpy, Monotonic, Striated, and Stringy. Our findings demonstrate that by adjusting the level of difficulty in discriminating between data sets based on the Scagnostics measures, different parts of the brain are activated: easier visual discrimination choices involve brain activity mostly in visual sensory cortices located in the occipital lobe, while more difficult discrimination choices tend to recruit more parietal and frontal regions as they are known to be involved in resolving ambiguities. Our results imply that patterns of neural activity are predictive markers of which specific Scagnostics measures most assist human decision making based on visual stimuli such as ours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Etemadpour
- Verus Research, 6100 Uptown Blvd NE, Suite 260, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87110 USA
- Radiology Department, UNM Health Sciences Center (UNM), Albuquerque, New Mexico USA
- The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - Sonali Shintree
- The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - A Duke Shereen
- CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, Neuroscience Initiative, Graduate Center, New York, NY USA
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2
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Marin A, Turk KW, Schiloski K, Vives-Rodriguez A, Suh C, Uppal P, Dwyer B, Palumbo R, Budson AE. The Use of Event Related Potentials to Predict Amyloid PET Status Among Patients from a Memory Disorders Clinic. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:1195-1208. [PMID: 38995774 PMCID: PMC11380249 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scans provide in vivo evidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, their high cost limits their use in standard clinical care. Event related potentials (ERPs) may represent an inexpensive and non-invasive additional method for detecting AD pathology. Objective We investigated whether ERPs, along with neuropsychological data, serve as predictors of amyloid PET status in patients with memory complaints. Methods Veterans aged 50-100 were recruited from a memory disorders clinic. Participants underwent a neuropsychological battery and an ERP auditory oddball protocol. Twenty-eight patients had a positive amyloid PET scan, and thirty-nine patients had a negative scan. Results ERP-P200 target amplitude and P200 standard latency were predictors of amyloid PET status. When submitting to ROC analysis, P200 standard latency exhibited the highest specificity and sensitivity in predicting amyloid PET positivity, correctly classifying the amyloid PET status for 86% of patients. Conclusions ERP-P200 measures are strong indicators of amyloid-β presence in patients from a memory disorder clinic. Increased P200 amplitude and decreased P200 latency in patients with a positive amyloid PET scan may be attributed to hyperactivation of perceptual bottom-up processes compensating for AD-related synaptic loss in the fronto-parietal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marin
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Boston University Aram V. Chobanian & Edward Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine W Turk
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kylie Schiloski
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Vives-Rodriguez
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheongmin Suh
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prayerna Uppal
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brigid Dwyer
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew E Budson
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Sully H, Perrone K, Barrera S, Simon-Dack S. Preconscious categorization impacts how interracial same-sex couples are perceived by others: Implications for counseling and supervision. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2021.2012732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Alves MR, Engedal K, Laks J, Rodrigues VD, Carneiro LSF, Alves Rodrigues ACDM, de Paula AMB, Monteiro-Junior RS. Acute response of prefrontal cortex in institutionalized older adults undergoing a single exergames session. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 11:8-12. [PMID: 34939060 PMCID: PMC8664699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality-based exercise (exergames) improves cognition of the elderly but the neurophysiological effects are poorly understood. The hypothesis herein established is that an ultrafast neurophysiological adaptation occurs in prefrontal cortex of elderly after completion of a single exergames session. To reinforce the aforementioned hypothesis, individuals living in a Long-Term Care Home (LTCH) participated in the study and were randomly allocated into two groups (Virtual Reality Group, VRG, n = 5; and Active Control Group, ACG n = 5). VRG performed six exercises with exergames and ACG performed exercises with the same VRG movements but with no virtual reality. Assessment of frontal cortical activity at rest and during cognitive testing via electroencephalographic activity (EEG) was performed before and immediately after the intervention. Significant decrease in relative power of EEG (RPEEG) Beta brainwave (−29 ± 18%) in the left prefrontal cortex of VRG compared to ACG (4 ± 9%) (p = 0.007). A slight improvement on semantic fluency in VRG (ES=0.21) was noted. An ultrafast prefrontal cortical adaptation may occur as an effect of a single exergames session, causing a small improvement on cognition of institutionalized elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rocha Alves
- Post-Graduate Program of Medicine (Neurology/Neuroscience), Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Jerson Laks
- Psychiatry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Dias Rodrigues
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lara S F Carneiro
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences (ISCE, Douro), Penafiel, Portugal.,University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal.,Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, GERON Research Community, Portugal
| | | | - Alfredo Maurício B de Paula
- Post-graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Post-Graduate Program of Medicine (Neurology/Neuroscience), Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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5
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Tempesta AJ, Miller CE, Litvak V, Bowman H, Schofield AJ. The missing N1 or jittered P2: Electrophysiological correlates of pattern glare in the time and frequency domain. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6168-6186. [PMID: 34374142 PMCID: PMC9290835 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Excessive sensitivity to certain visual stimuli (cortical hyperexcitability) is associated with a number of neurological disorders including migraine, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, autism and possibly dyslexia. Others show disruptive sensitivity to visual stimuli with no other obvious pathology or symptom profile (visual stress) which can extend to discomfort and nausea. We used event‐related potentials (ERPs) to explore the neural correlates of visual stress and headache proneness. We analysed ERPs in response to thick (0.37 cycles per degree [c/deg]), medium (3 c/deg) and thin (12 c/deg) gratings, using mass univariate analysis, considering three factors in the general population: headache proneness, visual stress and discomfort. We found relationships between ERP features and the headache and discomfort factors. Stimulus main effects were driven by the medium stimulus regardless of participant characteristics. Participants with high discomfort ratings had larger P1 components for the initial presentation of medium stimuli, suggesting initial cortical hyperexcitability that is later suppressed. The participants with high headache ratings showed atypical N1‐P2 components for medium stripes relative to the other stimuli. This effect was present only after repeated stimulus presentation. These effects were also explored in the frequency domain, suggesting variations in intertrial theta band phase coherence. Our results suggest that discomfort and headache in response to striped stimuli are related to different neural processes; however, more exploration is needed to determine whether the results translate to a clinical migraine population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austyn J Tempesta
- School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire E Miller
- School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vladimir Litvak
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Howard Bowman
- School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.,School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Andrew J Schofield
- School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.,School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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6
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Tang W, Zhang M, Chen G, Liu R, Peng Y, Chen S, Shi Y, Hu C, Bai S. Investigation of Tactile Perception Evoked by Ridged Texture Using ERP and Non-linear Methods. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:676837. [PMID: 34248483 PMCID: PMC8264067 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.676837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The triangular ridged surface can improve the grip reliability of products, but the sharp edge of triangular ridge induces sharp and uncomfortable feeling. To study the effect of edge shape (sharp, round, and flat shape) of triangular ridges on brain activity during touching, electroencephalograph (EEG) signals during tactile perception were evaluated using event-related potentials (ERP) and non-linear analysis methods. The results showed that the early component of P100 and P200, and the late component of P300 were successfully induced during perceiving the ridged texture. The edge shape features affect the electrical activity of brain during the tactile perceptions. The sharp shape feature evoked fast P100 latency and high P100 amplitude. The flat texture with complex (sharp and flat) shape feature evoked fast P200 latency, high P200 amplitude and RQA parameters. Both of the sharp shape and complex shape feature tended to evoke high peak amplitude of P300. The large-scale structures of recurrence plots (RPs) and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) parameters can visually and quantitatively characterize the evolution regulation of the dynamic behavior of EEG system along with the tactile process. This study proved that RPs and RQA were protential methods for the feature extraction and state recognition of EEG during tactile perception of textured surface. This research contributes to optimize surface tactile characteristics on products, especially effective surface textures design for good grip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meimei Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Rui Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuxing Peng
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Si Chen
- Fluid Machinery Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Chunai Hu
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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Turk KW, Marin A, Schiloski KA, Vives-Rodriguez AL, Uppal P, Suh C, Dwyer B, Palumbo R, Budson AE. Head Injury Exposure in Veterans Presenting to Memory Disorders Clinic: An Observational Study of Clinical Characteristics and Relationship of Event-Related Potentials and Imaging Markers. Front Neurol 2021; 12:626767. [PMID: 34194379 PMCID: PMC8236514 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.626767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and repetitive head impacts (RHI) related to blasts or contact sports are commonly reported among military service members. However, the clinical implications of remote TBI and RHI in veterans remains a challenge when evaluating older veterans at risk of neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that veterans in a memory disorders clinic with remote head injury would be more likely to have neurodegenerative clinical diagnoses, increased rates of amyloid PET positivity, higher prevalence of cavum septum pellucidi/vergae, and alterations in event-related potential (ERP) middle latency auditory evoked potentials (MLAEPs) and long latency ERP responses compared to those without head injuries. Methods: Older veterans aged 50-100 were recruited from a memory disorders clinic at VA Boston Healthcare system with a history of head injury (n = 72) and without head injury history (n = 52). Patients were classified as reporting prior head injury including TBI and/or RHI exposure based on self-report and chart review. Participants underwent MRI to determine presence/absence of cavum and an ERP auditory oddball protocol. Results: The head injury group was equally likely to have a positive amyloid PET compared to the non-head injury group. Additionally, the head injury group were less likely to have a diagnosis of a neurodegenerative condition than those without head injury. P200 target amplitude and MLAEP amplitudes for standard and target tones were decreased in the head injury group compared to the non-head injury group while P3b amplitude did not differ. Conclusions: Veterans with reported remote head injury evaluated in a memory disorders clinic were not more likely to have a neurodegenerative diagnosis or imaging markers of neurodegeneration than those without head injury. Decreased P200 target and MLAEP target and standard tone amplitudes in the head injury group may be relevant as potential diagnostic markers of remote head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W. Turk
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Marin
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kylie A. Schiloski
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana L. Vives-Rodriguez
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Prayerna Uppal
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cheongmin Suh
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brigid Dwyer
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrew E. Budson
- Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Alfonso P, Menor J. ERP and behavioural measures of cognitive effort associated to forget negative and neutral words. Brain Cogn 2020; 148:105672. [PMID: 33383529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive effort associated with remembering (R) vs forgetting (F) neutral and negative words was analyzed through a visual detection task integrated in an item-method directed forgetting task. Thirty-three younger adults participated in the experiment while their electrophysiological activity was registered in the study phase. The results shown: (1) negative words evoked more positive ERPs than neutral words on frontal regions, suggesting a preferential processing of negative words. (2) F-cues evoked more positive ERPs than R-cues did for neutral rather than negative words between 500 and 900 ms. This effect could reflect the difficulty in implementing inhibitory mechanisms on negative words. (3) At visual detection task, RTs for post-F probes were longer than for post-R probes. In 350-550 ms time window, ERPs were more positive for post-F probes than post-R probes in over right frontal regions and left medial parietal regions. Additionally, larger P2 were evoked by post-F negative probes than by post-R negative and post-F neutral ones. (4) In recognition test, participants recognized more negative TBF words than neutral ones. The ERP and behavioral results indicate that forgetting is more difficult than remembering, especially when words have a negative content, which implies a greater recruitment of parietal and frontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alfonso
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Menor
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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9
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Auditory event-related potentials in individuals with subjective and mild cognitive impairment. Behav Brain Res 2020; 391:112700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Probing the relationship between late endogenous ERP components with fluid intelligence in healthy older adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11167. [PMID: 32636427 PMCID: PMC7341872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The world population is rapidly aging, bringing together the necessity to better understand the advancing age. This characterization may be used to aid early diagnosis and to guide individually-tailored interventions. While some event-related potential (ERP) components, such as the P300 and late positive complex (LPC), have been associated with fluid intelligence (Gf) in young population; little is known whether these associations hold for older people. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to assess whether these ERP components are associated with Gf in the elderly. Fifty-seven older adults performed a continuous performance task (CPT) and a visual oddball paradigm while EEG was recorded. Participants were divided into two groups, according to their performance in the Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices test: high-performance (HP) and low-performance (LP). Results showed that the HP group, compared to the LP group, had higher LPC amplitudes in the CPT and shorter P300 latencies in the oddball task, highlighting the role of ERP components as a potential electrophysiological proxy of Gf abilities in the elderly.
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11
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Lai LY, Frömer R, Festa EK, Heindel WC. Age-related changes in the neural dynamics of bottom-up and top-down processing during visual object recognition: an electrophysiological investigation. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:38-49. [PMID: 32562874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
When recognizing objects in our environments, we rely on both what we see and what we know. While older adults often display increased sensitivity to top-down influences of contextual information during object recognition, the locus of this increased sensitivity remains unresolved. To examine the effects of aging on the neural dynamics of bottom-up and top-down visual processing during rapid object recognition, we probed the differential effects of object perceptual ambiguity and scene context congruity on specific EEG event-related potential components indexing dissociable processes along the visual processing stream. Older adults displayed larger behavioral scene congruity effects than young adults. Older adults' larger visual P2 amplitudes to object perceptual ambiguity (as opposed to the scene congruity P2 effects in young adults) suggest continued resolution of perceptual ambiguity that interfered with scene congruity processing, while post-perceptual semantic integration (as indexed by N400) remained largely intact. These findings suggest that compromised bottom-up perceptual processing in healthy aging leads to an increased involvement of top-down processes to resolve greater perceptual ambiguity during object recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Y Lai
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Romy Frömer
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Elena K Festa
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - William C Heindel
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.
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12
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Boutet I, Shah DK, Collin CA, Berti S, Persike M, Meinhardt-Injac B. Age-related changes in amplitude, latency and specialization of ERP responses to faces and watches. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2020; 28:37-64. [PMID: 31905310 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2019.1708253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with impairments in face recognition. While earlier research suggests that these impairments arise during memory retrieval, more recent findings suggest that earlier mechanisms, at the perceptual stage, may also be at play. However, results are often inconsistent and very few studies have included a non-face control stimulus to facilitate interpretation of results with respect to the implication of specialized face mechanisms vs. general cognitive factors. To address these issues, P100, N170 and P200 event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured during processing of faces and watches. For faces, age-related differences were found for P100, N170 and P200 ERPs. For watches, age-related differences were found for N170 and P200 ERPs. Older adults showed less selective and less lateralized N170 responses to faces, suggesting that ERPs can detect age-related de-differentiation of specialized face networks. We conclude that age-related impairments in face recognition arise in part from difficulties in the earliest perceptual stages of visual information processing. A working model is presented based on coarse-to-fine analysis of visually similar exemplars.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Boutet
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - D K Shah
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C A Collin
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Berti
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz, Germany
| | - M Persike
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz, Germany
| | - B Meinhardt-Injac
- Catholic University of Applied Science Berlin (KHSB) , Berlin, Germany
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Kenney JPM, Ward C, Gallen D, Roche RAP, Dockree P, Hohensen N, Cassidy C, Keane MA, Hogan MJ. Self-initiated learning reveals memory performance and electrophysiological differences between younger, older and older adults with relative memory impairment. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3855-3872. [PMID: 31344285 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Older adults display difficulties in encoding and retrieval of information, resulting in poorer memory. This may be due to an inability of older adults to engage elaborative encoding strategies during learning. This study examined behavioural and electrophysiological effects of explicit cues to self-initiate learning during encoding and subsequent recognition of words in younger adults (YA), older control adults (OA) and older adults with relative memory impairment (OD). The task was a variation of the old/new paradigm, some study items were preceded by a cue to learn the word (L) while others by a do not learn cue (X). Behaviourally, YA outperformed OA and OD on the recognition task, with no significant difference between OA and OD. Event-related potentials at encoding revealed enhanced early visual processing (70-140 ms) for L- versus X-words in young and old. Only YA exhibited a greater late posterior positivity (LPP; 200-500 ms) for all words during encoding perhaps reflecting superior encoding strategy. During recognition, only YA differentiated L- versus X-words with enhanced frontal P200 (150-250 ms) suggesting impaired early word selection for retrieval in older groups; however, OD had enhanced P200 activity compared to OA during L-word retrieval. The LPP (250-500 ms) was reduced in amplitude for L-words compared to both X- and new words. However, YA showed greater LPP amplitude for all words compared to OA. For older groups, we observed reduced left parietal hemispheric asymmetry apparent in YA during encoding and recognition, especially for OD. Findings are interpreted in the light of models of compensation and dedifferentiation associated with age-related changes in memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne P M Kenney
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christina Ward
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Dervla Gallen
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Paul Dockree
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola Hohensen
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Clare Cassidy
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Michael J Hogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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14
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Guedes RCA, Abadie-Guedes R. Brain Aging and Electrophysiological Signaling: Revisiting the Spreading Depression Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:136. [PMID: 31231207 PMCID: PMC6567796 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of worldwide improvement in health care, the aging portion of the human population has increased, now representing a higher proportion of the total population. This fact raises great concern regarding how to age while maintaining good brain function. Very often, alterations in brain electrophysiological signaling are associated with age-dependent functional disorders of the brain. Therefore, animal models suitable for the study of age-related changes in electrical activity of the brain can be very useful. Herein, we review changes in brain electrophysiological features as a function of age by analyzing studies in the rat brain on the phenomenon known as cortical spreading depression (CSD). Alterations in the brain’s capability to generate and propagate CSD may be related to differences in the propensity to develop certain neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, stroke, and migraine, which can biunivocally interact with the aging process. In this review, we revisit ours and others’ previous studies on electrophysiological features of the CSD phenomenon, such as its velocity of propagation and amplitude and duration of its slow negative DC shift, as a function of the animal age, as well as the interaction between age and other factors, such as ethanol consumption, physical exercise, and nutritional status. In addition, we discuss one relatively new feature through which CSD modulates brain signaling: the ability to potentiate the brain’s spontaneous electrical activity. We conclude that the CSD model might importantly contribute to a better understanding of the aging/brain signaling relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Abadie-Guedes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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