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Freccero R, Frick E, Wilthorn C, Hübner JM. New Insights into the Crystal Chemistry of FeB-Type Compounds: The Case of CeGe. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:9089. [PMID: 36556896 PMCID: PMC9784137 DOI: 10.3390/ma15249089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several alkaline earth or rare earth binary monosilicides and -germanides possess complex bonding properties, such as polycation formation exceeding the scope of classical electron counting rules. In this study, we present characterization by powder and single-crystal diffraction and thermal analysis of CeGe, one of the few monogermanides crystallizing in the FeB-type structure. Comparative computational investigations for structure types experimentally observed for monogermanides and alternative structures with different structural motifs were performed to gain energetical insights into this family of compounds, underlining the preference for infinite germanium chains over other structural motifs. Formation enthalpy calculations and structural chemical analysis highlight the special position of FeB-type compounds among the monogermanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Freccero
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Emmelina Frick
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Wilthorn
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Julia-Maria Hübner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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Freccero R, Hübner JM, Prots Y, Schnelle W, Schmidt M, Wagner FR, Schwarz U, Grin Y. "Excess" electrons in LuGe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6457-6461. [PMID: 33236821 PMCID: PMC7986909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The monogermanide LuGe is obtained via high‐pressure high‐temperature synthesis (5–15 GPa, 1023–1423 K). The crystal structure is solved from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data (structure type FeB, space group Pnma, a=7.660(2) Å, b=3.875(1) Å, and c=5.715(2) Å, RF=0.036 for 206 symmetry independent reflections). The analysis of chemical bonding applying quantum‐chemical techniques in position space was performed. It revealed—beside the expected 2c‐Ge‐Ge bonds in the germanium polyanion—rather unexpected four‐atomic bonds between lutetium atoms indicating the formation of a polycation by the excess electrons in the system Lu3+(2b)Ge2−×1 e−. Despite the reduced VEC of 3.5, lutetium monogermanide is following the extended 8‐N rule with the trend to form lutetium‐lutetium bonds utilizing the electrons left after satisfying the bonding needs in the anionic Ge‐Ge zigzag chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Freccero
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia-Maria Hübner
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yurii Prots
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Schmidt
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank R Wagner
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuri Grin
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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Freccero R, Hübner J, Prots Y, Schnelle W, Schmidt M, Wagner FR, Schwarz U, Grin Y. “Überschuss”‐Elektronen in LuGe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Freccero
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Julia‐Maria Hübner
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Yurii Prots
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Walter Schnelle
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Markus Schmidt
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Frank R. Wagner
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Ulrich Schwarz
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Yuri Grin
- Abteilung Chemische Metallkunde Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Deutschland
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Goicoechea JM. Homoatomic Polyanions of the Early p-Block Elements. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Ponou S, Lidin S. Exo-bonded six-membered heterocycle in the crystal structures of RE7Co2Ge4(RE = La–Nd). Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18522-18531. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the heterocyclic {Co4Ge6} clusters in RE7Co2Ge4(RE = La–Nd) is determined by strong interactions with the surrounding RE atoms in the structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siméon Ponou
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- SE-22100 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Sven Lidin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Lund University
- SE-22100 Lund
- Sweden
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Siggelkow L, Hlukhyy V, Fässler TF. Sr7Ge6, Ba7Ge6 and Ba3Sn2 –Three new binary compounds containing dumbbells and four-membered chains of tetrel atoms with considerable Ge–Ge π-bonding character. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gärtner S, Korber N. Polyanions of Group 14 and Group 15 Elements in Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Solid State Compounds and Solvate Structures. ZINTL IONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2011_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Eisenmann B, Rhode M, Wendorff M, Röhr C. Neue Sr-Verbindungen mit planaren Al-Si/Ge-Anionen und eine Korrektur zu SrSi-II und SrGe0.76. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Savin A, Nesper R, Wengert S, Fässler TF. Die Elektronenlokalisierungsfunktion ELF. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971091706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nesper R, Wengert S. Localization Patterns in Interstitial Space: A Special Property of the Electron Localization Function (ELF). Chemistry 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Currao A, Curda J, Nesper R. Kann man die Arten von Zintl-Anionen steuern?? Variationen �ber das Thema Si2? im System Sr/Mg/Si. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19966220113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Merlo F, Fornasini M. The pseudobinary systems SrAg1−xZnx, CaCu1−xGax and CaCu1−xGex and their use for testing structural maps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(86)90195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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HULLIGER F. On Polycompounds: Polycationic and Polyanionic Tetrelides, Pnictides, and Chalcogenides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-525102-0.50019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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