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Yan Y, Zheng C, Song W, Wu J, Guo L, Gao C, Liu J, Chen X, Zhu M, Liu L. Efficient Production of Epoxy-Norbornane from Norbornene by an Engineered P450 Peroxygenase. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200529. [PMID: 36354378 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy-norbornane (EPO-NBE) is a crucial building block for the synthesis of various biologically active heterocyclic systems. To develop an efficient protocol for producing EPO-NBE using norbornene (NBE) as a substrate, cytochrome P450 enzyme from Pseudomonas putida (CYP238A1) was examined and its crystal structure (PDB code: 7X53) was resolved. Molecular mechanism analysis showed a high energy barrier related to iron-alkoxy radical complex formation. Therefore, a protein engineering strategy was developed and an optimal CYP238A1NPV variant containing a local hydrophobic "fence" at the active site was obtained, which increased the H2 O2 -dependent epoxidation activity by 7.5-fold compared with that of CYP238A1WT . Among the "fence", Glu255 participates in an efficient proton transfer system. Whole-cell transformation using CYP238A1NPV achieved an EPO-NBE yield of 77.6 g ⋅ L-1 in a 30-L reactor with 66.3 % conversion. These results demonstrate the potential of this system for industrial production of EPO-NBE and provides a new biocatalytic platform for epoxidation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Chenni Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Wuxi Acryl Technology Co., Ltd., Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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Gelbrich T, Lampl M, Laus G, Kahlenberg V, Huppertz H, Schottenberger H. Synthesis and crystal structures of two 1,3-di(alk-yloxy)-2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)imidazolium tetra-fluorido-borates. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:552-556. [PMID: 32280502 PMCID: PMC7133041 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020003643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two salts were prepared by methyl-ation of the respective imidazoline-2-thione at the sulfur atom, using Meerwein's salt (tri-methyl-oxonium tetra-fluorido-borate) in CH2Cl2. 1,3-Dimeth-oxy-2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)imidazolium tetra-fluorido-borate (1), C6H11N2O2S+·BF4 -, displays a syn conformation of its two meth-oxy groups relative to each other whereas the two benz-yloxy groups present in 1,3-dibenz-yloxy-2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)imidazolium tetra-fluorido-borate (2), C18H19N2O2S+·BF4 -, adopt an anti conformation. In the mol-ecules of 1 and 2, the methyl-sulfanyl group is rotated out of the plane of the respective heterocyclic ring. In both crystal structures, inter-molecular inter-actions are dominated by C-H⋯F-B contacts, leading to three-dimensional networks. The tetra-fluorido-borate counter-ion of 2 is disordered over three orientations (occupancy ratio 0.42:0.34:0.24), which are related by rotation about one of the B-F bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gelbrich
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Lampl
- University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Laus
- University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Volker Kahlenberg
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herwig Schottenberger
- University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Haslinger S, Laus G, Wurst K, Schottenberger H. 2-(2-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-dien-2-yl)-1,3-dimethoxyimidazolium hexafluoridophosphate. IUCRDATA 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314616014103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title salt, C12H16N3O2+·PF6−, was obtained by the dipolar cycloaddition of norbornadiene to 2-azido-1,3-dimethoxyimidazolium hexafluoridophosphate. The methoxy groups attached to the imidazolium ring of the cation adopt ananticonformation [displacements of the C atoms from the ring plane = 1.386 (4) and −1.404 (3) Å]. In the crystal, weak inter-ionic C—H...F contacts are observed. The structure was refined as a two-component twin. Positional disorder of the fluorine atoms of the PF6anion was observed, the occupancy ratio being 0.562 (16):0.438 (16).
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