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Tran CV, Tran TTP, Nguyen AT, Tran LV, Pham NT, Nguyen LT, Nguyen DT, Garrett MD, Nguyen NT, Do TT, Serpell CJ, Tran SV. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of madecassic acid-silybin conjugate compounds in liver cancer cells. RSC Med Chem 2024:d4md00170b. [PMID: 39185454 PMCID: PMC11343037 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of 14 conjugates of 2α,3β,23-triacetyl-madecassic acid and silybin were designed and synthesized. The madecassic acid unit was linked to silybin either directly at position C-7 or C-3; or through an amino acid linker (glycine, β-alanine, or 11-aminoundecanoic acid) at position C-3. The conjugates were tested in vitro for their cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells using the MTT assay. The results confirmed that the conjugated compounds demonstrated a stronger cytotoxic effect compared to the parent compounds. Of these compounds, the most promising conjugate, compound 8, was evaluated for cytotoxic activity in the additional Hep3B, Huh7, and Huh7R human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and also for cell cycle changes and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. This compound caused a rapid and significant induction of caspase 3 activity and induced cell cycle arrest in the S phase - effects distinct from the activity of madecassic acid. This is the first study on the synthesis and cytotoxicity of madecassic acid-silybin conjugates, and of their testing against liver cancer cell lines and provides evidence for a distinct biological profile versus madecassic acid alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Van Tran
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thao Thi Phuong Tran
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Anh The Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Loc Van Tran
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Ninh Thi Pham
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Luu Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Dung Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Michelle D Garrett
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent Stacey Building, Canterbury Kent CT2 7NJ UK
| | - Nga Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thao Thi Do
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Christopher J Serpell
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Sung Van Tran
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
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Zhou G, Zhao J, Gong C, Xu J, Song C, Meng D. Chemical constituents from the leaves of psidium guajava linn. and their chemotaxonomic significance. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:348-353. [PMID: 34396839 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1963245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation on the leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. led to the isolation and identification of 18 compounds, including six guavinoside (1-6), four flavonoids (7-10), eight triterpenoids (11-17) and one lignans (18). All chemical structures were elucidated via NMR spectroscopic methods, and further supported by comparison with literature data. Compounds 12, 14, 16 and 18 was isolated from the Myrtaceae family for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was also discussed based on their structure types, as well as compounds-genus/family network analysis. The results showed that there were close chemotaxonomic relationships among the Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, and Lamiaceae families. Guavinosides A-F could be considered as valuable chemotaxonomic markers of Myrtaceae family, while guavinosides C-F might serve as chemotaxonomic markers for distinguishing the P. guajava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jiaming Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chang Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jixuan Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ce Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dali Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
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Kraft O, Hartmann AK, Hoenke S, Serbian I, Csuk R. Madecassic Acid—A New Scaffold for Highly Cytotoxic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084362. [PMID: 35457180 PMCID: PMC9026082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their manifold biological activities, natural products such as triterpenoids have advanced to represent excellent leading structures for the development of new drugs. For this reason, we focused on the syntheses and cytotoxic evaluation of derivatives obtained from gypsogenin, hederagenin, and madecassic acid, cytotoxicity increased—by and large—from the parent compounds to their acetates. Another increase in cytotoxicity was observed for the acetylated amides (phenyl, benzyl, piperazinyl, and homopiperazinyl), but a superior cytotoxicity was observed for the corresponding rhodamine B conjugates derived from the (homo)-piperazinyl amides. In particular, a madecassic acid homopiperazinyl rhodamine B conjugate 24 held excellent cytotoxicity and selectivity for several human tumor cell lines. Thus, this compound was more than 10,000 times more cytotoxic than parent madecassic acid for A2780 ovarian cancer cells. We assume that the presence of an additional hydroxyl group at position C–6 in derivatives of madecassic, as well as the (2α, 3β) configuration of the acetates in ring A, had a beneficial effect onto the cytotoxicity of the conjugates, as well as onto tumor/non-tumor cell selectivity.
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Oluyemi WM, Samuel BB, Kaehlig H, Zehl M, Parapini S, D'Alessandro S, Taramelli D, Krenn L. Antiplasmodial activity of triterpenes isolated from the methanolic leaf extract of Combretum racemosum P. Beauv. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112203. [PMID: 31472271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Combretum racemosum showed activity in previous ethnopharmacological investigations of some Combretum species used in malaria treatment in parts of West Africa. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed at confirming the antimalarial potential of this plant by an activity-guided isolation of its active principles. MATERIALS AND METHODS A crude methanolic leaf extract of Combretum racemosum and fractions thereof obtained by partition with chloroform and n-butanol were investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (D10) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Repeated chromatographic separations were conducted on the chloroform fraction to isolate bioactive compounds for further tests on antiplasmodial activity. The characterization of the isolated substances was performed by applying NMR- and MS-techniques (ESI-MS, HR-ESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR). RESULTS The chloroform fraction (D10: IC50 = 33.8 ± 1.5 μg/mL and W2: IC50 = 27.8 ± 2.9 μg/mL) exhibited better antiplasmodial activity than the n-butanol fraction (D10: IC50 = 78.1 ± 7.3 μg/mL and W2: IC50 = 78 ± 15 μg/mL) as well as the methanolic raw extract (D10: IC50 = 64.2 ± 2.7 μg/mL and W2: IC50 = 65.8 ± 14.9 μg/mL). Thus, the focus of the phytochemical investigation was laid on the chloroform fraction, which led to the identification of four ursane-type (19α-hydroxyasiatic acid (1), 6β,23-dihydroxytormentic acid (4), madecassic acid (8), nigaichigoside F1 (10)) and four oleanane-type (arjungenin (2), combregenin (5), terminolic acid (7), arjunglucoside I (11)) triterpenes, as well as abscisic acid (9). Compounds 1 and 2, 4 and 5, 7 and 8 as well as 10 and 11 were isolated as isomeric mixtures in fractions CR-A, CR-C, CR-E and CR-H, respectively. All isolated compounds and mixtures exhibited moderate to low activity, with madecassic acid being most active (D10: IC50 = 28 ± 12 μg/mL and W2: IC50 = 17.2 ± 4.3 μg/mL). CONCLUSION This paper reports for the first time antiplasmodial principles from C. racemosum and thereby gives reason to the traditional use of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wande M Oluyemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Babatunde B Samuel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | | | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario Ricerca sulla Malaria, Italian Malaria Network, Italy.
| | - Sarah D'Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario Ricerca sulla Malaria, Italian Malaria Network, Italy.
| | - Donatella Taramelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario Ricerca sulla Malaria, Italian Malaria Network, Italy.
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Valdeira ASC, Darvishi E, Woldemichael GM, Beutler JA, Gustafson KR, Salvador JAR. Madecassic Acid Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2094-2105. [PMID: 31343174 PMCID: PMC7428852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel madecassic acid (1) derivatives was synthesized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated against the NCI-60 panel of cancer cell lines. Several analogues exhibited broad-spectrum cytotoxic activities over all nine tumor types represented in the panel, with more potent antiproliferative activities observed against selected cancer cell lines, including multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Among them, compound 29 showed GI50 (50% growth inhibition) values ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 μM against 26 different tumor cell lines and selectivity for one colon (COLO 205) and two melanoma (SK-MEL-5 and UACC-257) cell lines at the TGI (total growth inhibition) level. The mode of action of 29 was predicted by CellMiner bioinformatic analysis and confirmed by biochemical and cell-based experiments to involve inhibition of the DNA replication process, particularly the initiation of replication, and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. The present findings suggest this novel madecassic acid derivative may have potential as an anticancer therapeutic lead for both solid and hematological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. C. Valdeira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Emad Darvishi
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Girma M. Woldemichael
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - John A. Beutler
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Kirk R. Gustafson
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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