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Rudolph D, Wylezich T, Netzsch P, Blaschkowski B, Höppe HA, Goldner P, Kunkel N, Hoslauer JL, Schleid T. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Europium(II) Hydride Oxide Iodide Eu 5H 2O 2I 4 Showing Blue-Green Luminescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14969. [PMID: 37834417 PMCID: PMC10573458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the first europium(II) hydride oxide iodide, dark red single crystals of Eu5H2O2I4 could be synthesized from oxygen-contaminated mixtures of EuH2 and EuI2. Its orthorhombic crystal structure (a = 1636.97(9) pm, b = 1369.54(8) pm, c = 604.36(4) pm, Z = 4) was determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the space group Cmcm. Anion-centred tetrahedra [HEu4]7+ and [OEu4]6+ serve as central building blocks interconnected via common edges to infinite ribbons parallel to the c axis. These ribbons consist of four trans-edge connected (Eu2+)4 tetrahedra as repetition unit, two H--centred ones in the inner part, and two O2--centred ones representing the outer sides. They are positively charged, according to ∞1{[Eu5H2O2]4+}, to become interconnected and charge-balanced by iodide anions. Upon excitation with UV light, the compound shows blue-green luminescence with the shortest Eu2+ emission wavelength ever observed for a hydride derivative, peaking at 463 nm. The magnetic susceptibility of Eu5H2O2I4 follows the Curie-Weiss law down to 100 K, and exhibits a ferromagnetic ordering transition at about 10 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rudolph
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany (B.B.)
| | - Thomas Wylezich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany;
| | - Philip Netzsch
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Björn Blaschkowski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany (B.B.)
| | - Henning A. Höppe
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Goldner
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, CNRS, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Kunkel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jean-Louis Hoslauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany (B.B.)
| | - Thomas Schleid
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany (B.B.)
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Hoslauer J, Zapp N, Fischer HE, Rudolph D, Kohlmann H, Schleid T. Synthesis and Crystal‐Structure Analysis of the K
2
NiF
4
‐Type Hydride Oxides Li
Ln
EuH
2−
x
O
2
(
Ln
=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) and LiEu
2
H
3
O by Neutron and X‐Ray Diffraction. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Louis Hoslauer
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Nicolas Zapp
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Leipzig University Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Henry E. Fischer
- Institute Laue-Langevin 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156 38042 Grenoble cedex 9 France
| | - Daniel Rudolph
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Holger Kohlmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Leipzig University Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Thomas Schleid
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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Pflug C, Rudolph D, Schleid T, Kohlmann H. Hydrogenation Reaction Pathways and Crystal Structures of La
2
H
2
Se, La
2
H
3
Se and La
2
H
4
Se. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pflug
- Leipzig University Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Daniel Rudolph
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Thomas Schleid
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Holger Kohlmann
- Leipzig University Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
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Zapp N, Kohlmann H. Ternary rare-earth hydride oxides: stability in air and potential use as precursors for the synthesis of materials. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2021-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ternary rare-earth hydride oxides (or oxyhydrides) REHO show rather high thermal stability and inertness in air. SmHO remained intact when stored in air for 12 h, while after storage for one year, it completely hydrolysed to form Sm(OH)3. In contrast, YHO and HoHO show only slight decomposition upon longer storage. The cation’s basicity and the air humidity apparently are crucial factors in the air stability of the compounds. Their reactions with various gases were investigated, in order to better understand factors governing the stability in air and to map their potential as precursors in materials synthesis. Both SmHO and YHO reduce CO2 to carbon and form the metastable C-type rare-earth sesquioxides RE
2O3 instead of the thermodynamically stable B-type. YHO reacts with gaseous ammonia to a red powder. By X-ray diffraction, this is identified as yttrium nitride, but the color of the sample suggests it to be an oxygen-poor nitride oxide (oxynitride) phase YN1−x
O
x
. These results underline the potential of rare-earth hydride oxides as precursors for the synthesis of other rare-earth compounds. The stability in air, even at elevated temperatures of some rare-earth hydride oxides such as YHO and HoHO are advantageous for potential applications as functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zapp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leipzig University , Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Holger Kohlmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leipzig University , Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig , Germany
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Zapp N, Fischer HE, Kohlmann H. From SmOF to SmH 0.78OF 0.22: H/F Substitution in Oxide Fluorides as a Synthesis Route to Heteroanionic Compounds. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17775-17782. [PMID: 34792346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mixed anionic hydrides of the rare earths are a fascinating class of compounds as potential functional materials, especially in luminescence, as photochromic thin films and for ion conduction. For exploratory studies, the effectiveness of various synthesis methods must be investigated, which is done here for metathesis reactions. The reaction of Sm2O3 with PTFE yields SmOF (P21/c, a = 5.60133(19) Å, b = 5.65567(19) Å, c = 5.6282(2) Å, β = 90.169(5)°, V = 178.295(11) Å3, and Z = 4) in a new, probably metastable, polymorph of the baddeleyite-type structure. Metathesis reactions of SmOF with LiH, NaH, or CaH2 led to a samarium hydride oxide fluoride, SmHxOF1-x; i.e., incomplete H/F exchange occurs. X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction on a compound with x = 0.78 obtained via NaH reveal hydride, oxide, and fluoride ions to be partially ordered. SmH0.78OF0.22 (Ia3̅, a = 10.947(2) Å, V = 1311.7(4) Å3, Z = 32) crystallizes in an anti-Li3AlN2-type structure with distorted cubic anion coordination for samarium atoms (site symmetry 3̅ and 2) and distorted tetrahedral arrangement of samarium atoms around the anions (site symmetry 1 and 3). It is a fully structurally characterized hydride oxide fluoride and shows a rare crystal chemical feature─the occupation of a crystallographic site by three different anions (0.188 H + 0.667 O + 0.145 F). Interatomic distances between samarium and hydrogen and samarium and the mixed hydrogen/oxygen/fluorine site range from 2.45 to 2.48 Å and 2.29 to 2.42 Å, respectively, and are similar to those in samarium hydride, samarium oxide, and samarium fluoride. Fluoride extraction by reaction with alkali and alkaline earth hydrides has thus proven to be a useful synthesis route to hydride oxides and also hydride oxide halogenides, which might be further exploited in exploratory research on heteroanionic metal hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zapp
- Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry E Fischer
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Cedex 9 Grenoble, France
| | - Holger Kohlmann
- Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Computational Chemistry-Guided Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Heavier Lanthanide Hydride Oxides DyHO, ErHO, and LuHO. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11070750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heteroanionic hydrides offer great possibilities in the design of functional materials. For ternary rare earth hydride oxide REHO, several modifications were reported with indications for a significant phase width with respect to H and O of the cubic representatives. We obtained DyHO and ErHO as well as the thus far elusive LuHO from solid-state reactions of RE2O3 and REH3 or LuH3 with CaO and investigated their crystal structures by neutron and X-ray powder diffraction. While DyHO, ErHO, and LuHO adopted the cubic anion-ordered half-Heusler LiAlSi structure type (F4¯3m, a(DyHO) = 5.30945(10) Å, a(ErHO) = 5.24615(7) Å, a(LuHO) = 5.171591(13) Å), LuHO additionally formed the orthorhombic anti-LiMgN structure type (Pnma; LuHO: a = 7.3493(7) Å, b = 3.6747(4) Å, c = 5.1985(3) Å; LuDO: a = 7.3116(16) Å, b = 3.6492(8) Å, c = 5.2021(7) Å). A comparison of the cubic compounds’ lattice parameters enabled a significant distinction between REHO and REH1+2xO1−x (x < 0 or x > 0). Furthermore, a computational chemistry study revealed the formation of REHO compounds of the smallest rare earth elements to be disfavored in comparison to the sesquioxides, which is why they may only be obtained by mild synthesis conditions.
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Zapp N, Sheptyakov D, Franz A, Kohlmann H. HoHO: A Paramagnetic Air-Resistant Ionic Hydride with Ordered Anions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3972-3979. [PMID: 33656854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The substitution of hydrogen for oxygen atoms in metal oxides provides opportunities for influencing the solid-state properties. Such hydride oxides (or oxyhydrides) are potential functional materials and scarce. Here, we present the synthesis and characterization of holmium hydride oxide with the stoichiometric composition HoHO. It was prepared by the reaction of Ho2O3 with either HoH3 or CaH2 as a powder of light-yellow color in sunlight and pink color in artificial light (Alexandrite effect), which is commonly observed for ionic Ho(III) compounds. HoHO crystallizes with an ordered fluorite superstructure (F4̅3m, a = 5.27550(13) Å, half-Heusler LiAlSi type), as evidenced by powder X-ray and neutron powder diffraction on both hydride and deuteride and supported by quantum-mechanical calculations. HoHO is the first representative with considerable ionic bonding for this structure type. The thermal stability and inertness toward air are remarkably high for a hydride because it reacts only above 540 K to form Ho2O3. At 294(1) K and 25(3)% relative humidity, HoHO is stable for at least 3 months. HoHO is paramagnetic with μeff(Ho3+) = 10.41(2) μB without any sign of magnetic ordering down to 2 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zapp
- Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denis Sheptyakov
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Franz
- Department Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Kohlmann
- Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
Metal hydride oxides are an emerging field in solid-state research. While some lanthanide hydride oxides (LnHO) were known, YHO has only been found in thin films so far. Yttrium hydride oxide, YHO, can be synthesized as bulk samples by a reaction of Y2O3 with hydrides (YH3, CaH2), by a reaction of YH3 with CaO, or by a metathesis of YOF with LiH or NaH. X-ray and neutron powder diffraction reveal an anti-LiMgN type structure for YHO (Pnma, a = 7.5367(3) Å, b = 3.7578(2) Å, and c = 5.3249(3) Å) and YDO (Pnma, a = 7.5309(3) Å, b = 3.75349(13) Å, and c = 5.3192(2) Å); in other words, a distorted fluorite type with ordered hydride and oxide anions was observed. Bond lengths (average 2.267 Å (Y-O), 2.352 Å (Y-H), 2.363 Å (Y-D), >2.4 Å (H-H and D-D), >2.6 Å (H-O and D-O), and >2.8 Å (O-O)) and quantum-mechanical calculations on density functional theory level (band gap 2.8 eV) suggest yttrium hydride oxide to be a semiconductor and to have considerable ionic bonding character. Nonetheless, YHO exhibits a surprising stability in air. An in situ X-ray diffraction experiment shows that decomposition of YHO to Y2O3 starts at only above 500 K and is still not complete after 14 h of heating to a final temperature of 1000 K. YHO hydrolyzes in water very slowly. The inertness of YHO in air is very beneficial for its potential use as a functional material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zapp
- Inorganic Chemistry , Leipzig University , Leipzig 04109 , Germany
| | - Henry Auer
- Inorganic Chemistry , Leipzig University , Leipzig 04109 , Germany
| | - Holger Kohlmann
- Inorganic Chemistry , Leipzig University , Leipzig 04109 , Germany
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Folchnandt M, Rudolph D, Hoslauer JL, Schleid T. The rare earth metal hydride tellurides REHTe (RE=Y, La–Nd, Gd–Er). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2019-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The synthesis and crystal structure of a series of rare earth metal hydride tellurides with the composition REHTe (RE = Y, La–Nd, Gd–Er) is reported. These compounds have been obtained by the reaction of rare earth metal dihydrides (REH2) with elemental tellurium in sealed tantalum capsules at T = 700°C using cesium chloride (CsCl) as fluxing agent, which can be washed away with water due to the astonishing insensitivity of these hydride tellurides (REHTe) against hydrolysis. All of the compounds crystallize in the hexagonal space group P6̅m2 with a filled WC-type crystal structure, exhibiting a mutual trigonal-prismatic coordination of the heavy ions (RE
3+ and Te2−), while the hydride anions reside in the trigonal prismatic voids surrounded by three rare earth metal cations expanding their coordination pattern to a tricapped trigonal prism. This 1H-type crystal structure is compared with the 1H- and 2H-type structures of the respective hydride selenides (REHSe, RE = Y, La–Nd, Gd–Tm, Lu). Both hexagonal basic crystal structures can be derived from the AlB2-type structure as demonstrated in a Bärnighausen tree by group-subgroup relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Folchnandt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Daniel Rudolph
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Jean-Louis Hoslauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Thomas Schleid
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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Cornelius S, Colombi G, Nafezarefi F, Schreuders H, Heller R, Munnik F, Dam B. Oxyhydride Nature of Rare-Earth-Based Photochromic Thin Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1342-1348. [PMID: 30844288 PMCID: PMC6434503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of rare-earth (RE)-oxygen-hydrogen compounds prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering show a unique color-neutral photochromic effect at ambient conditions. While their optical properties have been studied extensively, the understanding of the relationship between photochromism, chemical composition, and structure is limited. Here we establish a ternary RE-O-H composition-phase diagram based on chemical composition analysis by a combination of Rutherford backscattering and elastic recoil detection. The photochromic films are identified as oxyhydrides with a wide composition range described by the formula REO xH3-2 x where 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5. We propose an anion-disordered structure model based on the face-centered cubic unit cell where the O2- and H- anions occupy tetrahedral and octahedral interstices. The optical band gap varies continuously with the anion ratio, demonstrating the potential of band gap tuning for reversible optical switching applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Cornelius
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, NL-2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Colombi
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, NL-2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Fahimeh Nafezarefi
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, NL-2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Schreuders
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, NL-2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - René Heller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion
Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frans Munnik
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion
Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernard Dam
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, NL-2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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