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Chodkiewicz ML, Gajda R, Lavina B, Tkachev S, Prakapenka VB, Dera P, Wozniak K. Accurate crystal structure of ice VI from X-ray diffraction with Hirshfeld atom refinement. IUCRJ 2022; 9:573-579. [PMID: 36071798 PMCID: PMC9438488 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522006662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water is an essential chemical compound for living organisms, and twenty of its different crystal solid forms (ices) are known. Still, there are many fundamental problems with these structures such as establishing the correct positions and thermal motions of hydrogen atoms. The list of ice structures is not yet complete as DFT calculations have suggested the existence of additional and - to date - unknown phases. In many ice structures, neither neutron diffraction nor DFT calculations nor X-ray diffraction methods can easily solve the problem of hydrogen atom disorder or accurately determine their anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs). Here, accurate crystal structures of H2O, D2O and mixed (50%H2O/50%D2O) ice VI obtained by Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) of high-pressure single-crystal synchrotron and laboratory X-ray diffraction data are presented. It was possible to obtain O-H/D bond lengths and ADPs for disordered hydrogen atoms which are in good agreement with the corresponding single-crystal neutron diffraction data. These results show that HAR combined with X-ray diffraction can compete with neutron diffraction in detailed studies of polymorphic forms of ice and crystals of other hydrogen-rich compounds. As neutron diffraction is relatively expensive, requires larger crystals which can be difficult to obtain and access to neutron facilities is restricted, cheaper and more accessible X-ray measurements combined with HAR can facilitate the verification of the existing ice polymorphs and the quest for new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal L. Chodkiewicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
| | - Roman Gajda
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
| | - Barbara Lavina
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sergey Tkachev
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Vitali B. Prakapenka
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, Université d’hawaï à mānoa, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Przemyslaw Dera
- Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, Université d’hawaï à mānoa, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Krzysztof Wozniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury, Warszawa 02-089, Poland
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Škundrić T, Matović B, Zarubica A, Zagorac J, Tatarko P, Zagorac D. Structure Prediction and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Hexaboride on Ab Initio Level. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247887. [PMID: 34947479 PMCID: PMC8705682 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicon borides represent very appealing industrial materials for research owing to their remarkable features, and, together with other boride and carbide-based materials, have very wide applications. Various Si-B phases have been investigated in the past, however a limited number of studies have been done on the pristine SiB6 compound. Structure prediction using a data mining ab initio approach has been performed in pure silicon hexaboride. Several novel structures, for which there are no previous experimental or theoretical data, have been discovered. Each of the structure candidates were locally optimized on the DFT level, employing the LDA-PZ and the GGA-PBE functional. Mechanical and elastic properties for each of the predicted and experimentally observed modifications have been investigated in great detail. In particular, the ductility/brittleness relationship, the character of the bonding, Young's modulus E, bulk modulus B, and shear modulus K, including anisotropy, have been calculated and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Škundrić
- Materials Science Laboratory, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.Š.); (B.M.); (J.Z.)
- Center for Synthesis, Processing and Characterization of Materials for Application in the Extreme Conditions “Cextreme Lab”, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Matović
- Materials Science Laboratory, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.Š.); (B.M.); (J.Z.)
- Center for Synthesis, Processing and Characterization of Materials for Application in the Extreme Conditions “Cextreme Lab”, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zarubica
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Zagorac
- Materials Science Laboratory, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.Š.); (B.M.); (J.Z.)
- Center for Synthesis, Processing and Characterization of Materials for Application in the Extreme Conditions “Cextreme Lab”, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peter Tatarko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Dejan Zagorac
- Materials Science Laboratory, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.Š.); (B.M.); (J.Z.)
- Center for Synthesis, Processing and Characterization of Materials for Application in the Extreme Conditions “Cextreme Lab”, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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