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Pearce KG, Hill MS, Mahon MF. Cesium Reduction of a Lithium Diamidochloroberyllate. Organometallics 2024; 43:432-437. [PMID: 38362487 PMCID: PMC10865438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Room temperature reaction of elemental cesium with the dimeric lithium chloroberyllate [{SiNDipp}BeClLi]2 [{SiNDipp} = {CH2SiMe2N(Dipp)}2, where Dipp = 2,6-di-isopropylphenyl, in C6D6 results in activation of the arene solvent. Although, in contrast to earlier observations of lithium and sodium metal reduction, the generation of a mooted cesium phenylberyllate could not be confirmed, this process corroborates a previous hypothesis that such beryllium-centered solvent activation also necessitates the formation of hydridoberyllium species. These observations are further borne out by the study of an analogous reaction performed in toluene, in which case the proposed generation of formally low oxidation state beryllium radical anion intermediates induces activation of a toluene sp3 C-H bond and the isolation of the polymeric cesium benzylberyllate, [Cs({SiNDipp}BeCH2C6H5)]∞.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
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Pearce KG, Hill MS, Mahon MF. Beryllium-centred C-H activation of benzene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1453-1456. [PMID: 36655412 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of BeCl2 with the dilithium diamide, [{SiNDipp}Li2] ({SiNDipp} = {CH2SiMe2NDipp}2), provides the dimeric chloroberyllate, [{SiNDippBeCl}Li]2, en route to the 2-coordinate beryllium amide, [SiNDippBe]. Lithium or sodium reduction of [SiNDippBe] in benzene, provides the relevant organoberyllate products, [{SiNDippBePh}M] (M = Li or Na), via the presumed intermediacy of transient Be(I) radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Buchner MR, Müller M. Ligand Influence on Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of Beryllium Oxocarboxylates. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17379-17387. [PMID: 34730335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum-based adjuvants for vaccines and beryllium ions interact with the same immune receptor. The Be4O core, which is also found in beryllium oxocarboxylates, has been proposed to be the binding species in the latter case. However, this is not proven due to a lack of suitable probes for the Be4O moiety. Therefore, a versatile synthetic route to beryllium oxocarboxylates has been developed to investigate the steric and electronic influence of the ligands onto their molecular and spectroscopic properties. The oxocarboxylates exhibit extremely narrow line widths in 9Be NMR spectroscopy, and the chemical shift is only influenced by the sterics of the ligands. The mean variation of the atomic distances in the central Be4O building block is extremely small over all investigated compounds, and even the C-C distances are only little perturbed by the properties of the ligands. Vibrational spectroscopy showed Be-O bands; however, further distinctions could not be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Thomas-Hargreaves LR, Müller M, Spang N, Ivlev SI, Buchner MR. Behavior of Lewis Bases toward Diphenylberyllium. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Buchner MR, Thomas‐Hargreaves LR, Kreuzer LK, Spang N, Ivlev SI. Dimethylsulfide Adducts of the Beryllium Halides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | | | - Lukas K. Kreuzer
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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Paparo A, Matthews AJR, Smith CD, Edwards AJ, Yuvaraj K, Jones C. N-Heterocyclic carbene, carbodiphosphorane and diphosphine adducts of beryllium dihalides: synthesis, characterisation and reduction studies. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7604-7609. [PMID: 33988210 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of several N-heterocyclic carbenes, a carbodiphosphorane, and bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) with [BeX2(OEt2)2] (X = Br or I) have yielded a variety of beryllium dihalide adduct complexes, all of which were crystallographically characterised. Attempts to reduce the compounds to low oxidation state beryllium complexes using a variety of reducing agents have been carried out, but were of limited success. However, reaction of [(IPr)BeBr2] (IPr = :C{(DipNCH)2}; Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with the aluminium(i) heterocycle, [:Al(DipNacnac)] (DipNacnac = [HC(MeCNDip)2]-) afforded the adduct complex, [{(IPr)(Br)Be(μ-H)}2], while reduction of [(IPr)BeBr2] with potassium naphthalenide gave the beryllium naphthalenediyl complex, [(IPr)Be(C10H8)]. Furthermore, reaction of [{(DPPE)BeI2}∞], with [:Al(DipNacnac)] led to insertion of the Al centre of the heterocycle into a Be-I bond, and formation of a rare example of an Al-Be bonded complex, [(DPPE)(i)Be-Al(i)(DipNacnac)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Paparo
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | | | - Cory D Smith
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Alison J Edwards
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - K Yuvaraj
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Buchner MR, Müller M. Ethylenediamine complexes of the beryllium halides and pseudo-halides. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7246-7255. [PMID: 33949519 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01154e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The suitability of ethylenediamine (en) as an alternative solvent to liquid ammonia in beryllium chemistry was evaluated. Therefore, BeF2, BeCl2, BeBr2, BeI2, [Be(NH3)4](N3)2, [Be(NH3)4](CN)2 and [Be(NH3)4](SCN)2 were reacted with ethylenediamine and analysed via NMR and IR spectroscopy. Additionally single crystal structures of [BeF2(en)]n, [Be(en)3]Cl2, [Be(en)3]Br2, [Be(en)2]I2·en, [Be(en)2](N3)2·en, [Be(en)2]4(SCN)7Cl and [Be3(OH)3(en)3][C2H9N2](SCN)4 were obtained. The anions were found to have a distinct influence on the solubility as well as on the species present in solution and the solid state, while ethylenediamine can act as mono- and bidentate ligand or as a crystal solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Müller
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Spang N, Müller M, Augustinov W, Buchner MR. Behavior of beryllium halides and triflate in acetonitrile solutions. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2020-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The solution behavior of beryllium halides and triflate in acetonitrile was studied by NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Thereby mononuclear units [(MeCN)2BeX
2] (X = Cl, Br, I, OTf) were identified as dominant species in these solutions. The solid state structure of [(MeCN)2Be(OTf)2] has been determined by X-ray diffraction. If only one equivalent of MeCN is used the dinuclear compounds [(MeCN)BeX
2]2 (X = Cl, Br, I) are formed. Partial halide and triflate dissociation into the monomeric complexes as well as the formation of hetero-halide complexes [(MeCN)2BeClBr], [(MeCN)2BeClI] and [(MeCN)2BeBrI] was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - William Augustinov
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
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Müller M, Karttunen AJ, Buchner MR. Speciation of Be 2+ in acidic liquid ammonia and formation of tetra- and octanuclear beryllium amido clusters. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5415-5422. [PMID: 34094068 PMCID: PMC8159412 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The hexa-μ2-amido-tetraammine-tetraberyllium compounds [Be4(NH2)6(NH3)4]X2 (X = Cl, Br, I, CN, SCN, N3) have been prepared from beryllium metal and NH4X or [Be(NH3)4]X2 in liquid ammonia at ambient temperature. The obtained compounds feature an adamantyl shaped complex cation, which was examined via X-ray diffraction, IR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy. The speciation in solution was studied via15N labeling experiments supplemented with quantum chemistry. Hereby, the intermediates [Be2(NH2)(NH3)6]3+ and [Be3(NH2)3(NH3)6]3+ were identified. Reactivity studies provided bis(N-acetimidoylacetamidinato-N,N′)-beryllium(ii), when [Be4(NH2)6(NH3)4]2+ was treated with acetonitrile. While the unprecedented octa-nuclear complex cation [Be8O(NH2)12(C5H5N)4]2+ was received from pyridine. This cluster proves that the [Be4O]6+ core can be stabilized without bidentate O-donor ligands. The boundaries of beryllium metal oxidation in acidic ammonia have been explored. This enabled the isolation of the tetra- and octa-nuclear beryllium amide complexes. The latter exhibits a completely new structural motive in coordination chemistry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Müller
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany +49 6421 2825669 +49 6421 2825668
| | - Antti J Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Magnus R Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany +49 6421 2825669 +49 6421 2825668
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Buchner MR. Beryllium coordination chemistry and its implications on the understanding of metal induced immune responses. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8895-8907. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03802d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of beryllium with ligands containing biologically relevant functional groups is discussed. The geometry, speciation and reactivity of these compounds, aids a better understanding of metal ion induced immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie
- Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
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