Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Paracetamol at Carbamazepine Film Coated Carbon Paste Electrode

Development of a Diethylcarbamazine Citrate‐Based Electrochemical Sensor for Quick and Affordable Detection of Sulfadiazine and Uric Acid in Environmental Monitoring

The widespread use of antibiotics like sulfadiazine (SDZ) in various industries has raised environmental and health concerns due to their potential for bioaccumulation and the subsequent effects on human health and the environment. Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DCZ), a well‐established antifilarial drug, has yet to be explored as a sensing agent despite its extensive use. This study proposes a cost‐effective and efficient method for detecting SDZ and Uric acid (UA) using a DCZ‐modified carbon paste electrode (poly‐DCZ/MCPE). The poly‐DCZ film is synthesized via cyclic voltammetry (CV) on the carbon paste electrode surface, demonstrating excellent electrocatalytic activity for SDZ and UA detection at pH 7.4. The diffusion‐controlled electrode process is observed with a lower limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for SDZ as 3.8×10−9 M and 12.94×10−9 M respectively. For UA, LOD and LOQ were found to be 6.291×10−9 M and 20.97×10−9 M respectively at the poly‐DCZ/MCPE. Notably, the sensor exhibits simultaneous detection capabilities for SDZ and UA by CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods, addressing the need to monitor antibiotic residues in aquatic ecosystems and animal‐derived products.

Synergetic effects of a poly-tartrazine/CTAB modified carbon paste electrode sensor towards simultaneous and interference-free determination of benzenediol isomers

Simultaneous and selective detection of dihydroxy benzene isomers by the synergistic effect of CTAB and tartrazine on a carbon paste electrode (poly-TZ/CTAB/MCPE) sensor by CV and DPV techniques.

Electrocatalytic Determination of Hydroxychloroquine Using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode

Selective, sensitive, easy, and fast voltammetric techniques were developed for the analysis of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). These analysis were carried out at sodium dodecyl sulphate modified carbon nanotube paste electrode (SDSMCNTPE) using an aqueous 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution as supporting electrolyte. The field emission-scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used for material characterization. A minute quantity of the SDS surfactant was sufficient to convey an outstanding electrocatalytic action to the electrochemical oxidation nature of HCQ. The HCQ molecule parades only electrochemical oxidation (irreversible) with the transfer of two electrons. The detection of HCQ was carried out through CV method at SDSMCNTPE and bare carbon nanotube paste electrode (BCNTPE). The corresponding analytical curve offered a decent linear nature in the considered HCQ concentration range (10-40 µM) and the detection limit was found to be 0.85 µM. The significant peak to peak split-up was observed between HCQ and interferents with a decent sensitivity and stability. The SDSMCNTPE to be an approachable electrode for the usage in the examination of HCQ independently and in the presence of paracetamol (PC) and ascorbic acid (AA). Thus, they were used to determine HCQ in pharmaceutical formulations and the results that showed good agreement with comparative methods. Furthermore, a mechanism for HCQ electro-oxidation was proposed.

Poly (Orange CD) sensor for paracetamol in presence of folic acid and dopamine

In the present work, Orange CD was chosen as an intriguing modifier for the electropolymerization on the surface of CPE by the CV technique. A novel, sensitive, and cost-effective poly (Orange CD) MCPE (PoOCD/MCPE) sensor was utilized for the selective detection of paracetamol (PA) in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 7.4. The oxidation peak current of PA was vastly enhanced at the sensor. The scan rate study is suggested that electro-oxidation of PA was adsorption-controlled. The pH study testifies the redox pathways transport with the same quantity of electrons and protons. The detection limit of PA is found to be 2.64 µM. DPV results show that substantial peak separation between PA, folic acid (FA), and dopamine (DA) could be facilitating their individual and simultaneous determination on the sensor. The decorated sensor demonstrates high sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, repeatability and has been successfully exploited for the detection of PA in a tablet with promising results.

Synthesis of bifunctional cabbage flower-like Ho3+/NiO nanostructures as a modifier for simultaneous determination of methotrexate and carbamazepine

Cabbage flower-like Ho³⁺/NiO nanostructure (CFL-Ho³⁺/NiO NSs) with significant electrocatalytic oxidation has been published for the first time. First, structure and morphology of CFL-Ho³⁺/NiO-NSs have been described by XRD, SEM, and EDX methods. Then, CFL-Ho³⁺/NiO-NSs have been applied as a modifier for simultaneous electrochemical detection of methotrexate (MTX) and carbamazepine (CBZ). Functions of the modified electrode have been dealt with through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It has been demonstrated that the electrode response has been linear from 0.001-310.0 μM with a limit of detection of 5.2 nM and 4.5 nM (3 s/m) through DPV for MTX and CBZ. Diffusion coefficient (D) and heterogeneous rate constant (k_h) have been detected for MTX and CBZ oxidation at the surface of the modified electrode. Moreover, CFL-Ho³⁺/NiO-NS/GCE has been employed for determining MTX and CBZ in urine and drug specimens. Outputs showed the analyte acceptable recovery. Therefore, the electrode could be applied to analyze both analytes in drug prescription and clinical laboratories. Graphical abstract Electrochemical sensor based on bifunctional cabbage flower-like Ho³⁺/NiO nanostructures modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous detecting methotrexate and carbamazepine was fabricated.