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Yaqoob T, Shaukat S, Alonaizan R, Ullah R, Khan I, Nazar MF, Abd Ur Rahman HM. Solubilization of Reactive Red 2 in the Mixed Micelles of Cetylpyridinium Chloride and TX-114. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093952. [PMID: 37175362 PMCID: PMC10180315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their surface active properties, surfactants have numerous applications in different fields of life. In the present research work, the solubilization of reactive red 2 (RR2) has been studied in single and mixed micellar systems (MMS) using UV-visible spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurements. The interaction of RR2 with ionic micelles of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) was investigated. In order to probe the interaction of RR2 in MMS, mixtures of CPC and TX-114 (Triton X-114, a nonionic surfactant) were used. UV-visible spectroscopy has been used to obtain the degree of solubilization of RR2 in terms of the partition coefficient (Kc) and Gibbs free energy of partitioning (ΔG°p). Electrical conductivity data have been employed to detect the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant systems in the presence of RR2 and, accordingly, to calculate the thermodynamic parameters of the micellization. From the obtained data, it is concluded that the micellization is spontaneous at all studied temperatures. Moreover, the micellization was observed to be driven by both enthalpy and entropy. The results also indicated that MMS have better solubilizing power than single micellar solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyba Yaqoob
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Shaukat
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Rasha Alonaizan
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzan Ullah
- Department of Physics, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Acoustophoreticn Single Embryo Characterization Laboratory (ASECL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Faizan Nazar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Multan Campus, Lahore 60700, Pakistan
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2
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Chen F, Aqeel M, Khalid N, Irshad MK, Farhat F, Nazir A, Ma J, Akhtar MS, Eldesoky GE, Aljuwayid AM, Noman A. Glutathione treatment suppresses the adverse effects of microplastics in rice. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138079. [PMID: 36775030 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oryza sativa is grown worldwide and exhibit sensitivity to different stresses. Exponential increase in microplastics in agroecosystems is damaging and demand pragmatic strategies to protect growth and yield losses. We evaluated exogenous application of different doses of glutathione (GSH) for mediation of physiological traits of rice plants experiencing two different MPs i.e. PET and HDPE in root zone. All the rice seedlings exhibited MP-induced significant (P ≤ 0.001) growth inhibition compared to the control plants. GSH application (T3) significantly increased the shoot fresh weight (8.80%), root fresh weight (19.22%), shoot dry weight (13.705%), root dry weight (25.52%), plant height (5.75%) and 100-grain weight (9.36%), compared to control plants. GSH treated plants (T4) showed a recovery mechanism by managing the marginal rate of reduction of all photosynthetic and gas exchange attributes by showing 34.44, 20.98, 34.83, 42.16, 39.70, and 51.38% reduction for Chl-a, Chl-b, total cholophyll, photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (Gs), respectively, compared to control plants. Under 5 mg L-1 HDPE and PET, rice seedlings without GSH treatment responded in terms of increase in total soluble sugar, total free amino acid, glutathione, glutathione disulfide contents, while total soluble protein and ascorbic acid contents decreased significantly, compared with control plants. Corrleation matrix revealed positive relationship between GSH and improvement in studied attributes. Moreover, exogenous GSH improved rice growth and productivity to counter the negative role of MPs. This unique study examined the effects of GSH on rice plants growing in MP-contaminated media and revealed how exogenous GSH helps plants survive MP-stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Farhat
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Atia Nazir
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, South Korea.
| | - Gaber E Eldesoky
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Muteb Aljuwayid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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3
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Aqeel M, Ran J, Hu W, Irshad MK, Dong L, Akram MA, Eldesoky GE, Aljuwayid AM, Chuah LF, Deng J. Plant-soil-microbe interactions in maintaining ecosystem stability and coordinated turnover under changing environmental conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137924. [PMID: 36682633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem functions directly depend upon biophysical as well as biogeochemical reactions occurring at the soil-microbe-plant interface. Environment is considered as a major driver of any ecosystem and for the distributions of living organisms. Any changes in climate may potentially alter the composition of communities i.e., plants, soil microbes and the interactions between them. Since the impacts of global climate change are not short-term, it is indispensable to appraise its effects on different life forms including soil-microbe-plant interactions. This article highlights the crucial role that microbial communities play in interacting with plants under environmental disturbances, especially thermal and water stress. We reviewed that in response to the environmental changes, actions and reactions of plants and microbes vary markedly within an ecosystem. Changes in environment and climate like warming, CO2 elevation, and moisture deficiency impact plant and microbial performance, their diversity and ultimately community structure. Plant and soil feedbacks also affect interacting species and modify community composition. The interactive relationship between plants and soil microbes is critically important for structuring terrestrial ecosystems. The anticipated climate change is aggravating the living conditions for soil microbes and plants. The environmental insecurity and complications are not short-term and limited to any particular type of organism. We have appraised effects of climate change on the soil inhabiting microbes and plants in a broader prospect. This article highlights the unique qualities of tripartite interaction between plant-soil-microbe under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Weigang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Muhammad Kashif Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, (38000), Pakistan
| | - Longwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Akram
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China; Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Gaber E Eldesoky
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Muteb Aljuwayid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lai Fatt Chuah
- Faculty of Maritime Studies, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China.
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Yusaf A, Usman M, Ibrahim M, Mansha A, Haq AU, Rehman HF, Ali M. Mixed micellar solubilization for procion blue MxR entrapment and optimization of necessary parameters for micellar enhanced ultrafiltration. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137320. [PMID: 36410522 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, micellar enhanced ultrafiltration, MEUF, being an active methodology, has been employed to remove Procion Blue MxR (PBM) from synthetic effluent. MEUF is being applied to reduce the toxicity level of aqueous system using the micellar media of cationic surfactants i.e. Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). Subsequently, the effect of addition of nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX-100), on solubilizing power of cationic surfactants is investigated. The values of partition coefficient and free energy of partition reflect the extent of interaction of the dye with the surfactants. Initially molecules of pollutants i.e. dye form ion pairs with ionic surfactants and, later on, the same is incorporated within micelle. Maximum value of free energy of partition ΔGp has been found to be -55.49 kJmol-1 and -50.43 kJmol in the presence of CPC and CTAB, respectively. The size of pollutant, thus, increases and, consequently, can be easily filtered. The effect of various factors i.e. concentration of surfactant, concentration of electrolyte (NaCl), transmembrane pressure, revolutions per minute (RPM) and pH, have been investigated to find the optimum conditions for maximum removal of PBM from aqueous system. The efficiency of MEUF has been assessed by calculating the values of rejection percentage and permeate flux. Both the surfactants were observed as strong candidates for PBM encapsulation but overall, maximum rejection percentage (R%) of 96.90% was attained by CPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah Yusaf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad (38000), Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University College London, England, UK; Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad (38000), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad (38000), Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad (38000), Pakistan.
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad (38000), Pakistan
| | - Atta Ul Haq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad (38000), Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Fatima Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad (38000), Pakistan
| | - Majid Ali
- Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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5
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Amjad S, Shaukat S, Muhammad Abd Ur Rahman H, Usman M, Farooqi ZH, Faizan Nazar M. Application of anionic-nonionic mixed micellar system for solubilization of methylene blue dye. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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6
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Haque MA, Mahbub S, Rahman MM, Hoque MA, Kumar D, Alsaiari NS, Wabaidur SM, Alsubaie FM. Interaction of cationic surfactant with acid yellow dye in absence/presence of organic and inorganic additives: conductivity and dye solubilization methods. Z PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2021-3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present study, the conductometric and dye-solubilization techniques have been utilized to investigate the interaction between an anionic dye (acid yellow 23 [AY]) and a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB]) in presence of organic (ethanol)/inorganic (NaCl) additives. From the conductometric method, two critical micelle concentrations (cmc) were found for AY + CTAB mixture in an aqueous system and the cmc values were found to undergo a change with the variation of AY concentrations. The cmc values of AY + CTAB systems were observed higher in the alcoholic medium, while the same was found to be lower in the NaCl solutions. The change in cmc of AY + CTAB systems shows an U-like curve with an increase of temperature. The negative free energy of micellization (
Δ
G
m
o
${\Delta}{G}_{m}^{o}$
) for the AY + CTAB systems has indicated a spontaneous micelle formation in all of the cases studied. The enthalpy (
Δ
H
m
o
${\Delta}{H}_{m}^{o}$
), as well as the entropy of micellization (
Δ
S
m
o
${\Delta}{S}_{m}^{o}$
) for the AY + CTAB systems, were assessed and discussed with proper reasoning. Additionally, the enthalpy-entropy compensation parameters were also investigated and illustrated. The solubility of AY and C
D was observed to rise linearly with an increase in the concentration of CTAB/NaCl solution. The solubilization capacity (χ) of AY, the molar partition coefficient (K
M) amongst the micellar and the aqueous phase, and free energy of solubilization (
Δ
G
S
o
${\Delta}{G}_{S}^{o}$
) were evaluated and discussed in detail. The former parameters undergo an increase with an increase of NaCl concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ariful Haque
- Department of Chemistry , Jahangirnagar University , Savar , Dhaka - 1342 , Bangladesh
| | - Shamim Mahbub
- Department of Chemistry & Physics , Gono Bishwabidyalay , Savar , Dhaka - 1344 , Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Majibur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Jahangirnagar University , Savar , Dhaka - 1342 , Bangladesh
| | - Md. Anamul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry , Jahangirnagar University , Savar , Dhaka - 1342 , Bangladesh
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Norah Salem Alsaiari
- Department of Chemistry , College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh 11671 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Saikh M. Wabaidur
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Chemistry Department , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehaid Mohammed Alsubaie
- National Center for Chemical Catalysis, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology , P.O. Box 6086 , Riyadh 11442 , Saudi Arabia
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8
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Abbot V, Sharma P. Thermodynamics and acoustic effects of quercetin on micellization and interaction behaviour of CTAB in different hydroethanol solvent systems. Z PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2020-1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Flavonoids amongst the class of secondary metabolites possess numerous health benefits, are known for its use in pharmaceutical industry. Quercetin, a flavonoid has more prominent medical advantages however its utilization is constrained because of various instability and insolubility issues and therefore, taken into consideration for studying its physico-chemical properties. In view of that, the thermodynamic and thermoacoustic properties of quercetin were examined in presence of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at different hydroethanolic concentrations and temperatures. The conductivity studies were used to calculate change in enthalpy (∆H
o
m
), change in entropy (∆S
o
m
) and change in Gibbs free Energy (∆G
o
m
) of micellization. The interactions between quercetin and CTAB were found to be endothermic, entropically controlled and spontaneous. Further, ultrasonic sound velocity and density studies were carried out and utilized for the calculation of thermoacoustic parameters i.e. apparent molar volume and apparent molar compressibility. Thermoacoustic properties revealed that at higher surfactant concentration, hydrophobic interactions are dominant. The results suggested that the flavonoid-surfactant interactions in hydroethanolic solutions is more favourable as compared with aqueous solution. Overall, the data is favourable for the framework to be used for detailing advancement, drug development, drug industry, pharmaceutical industry, medical administration and formulation development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Abbot
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Jaypee University of Information Technology , Solan , India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Jaypee University of Information Technology , Solan , India
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Abstract
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) give a wide scope of favorable applications due to their much-upgraded properties. The strong electrostatic interactions between the cationic moiety of IL and the anionic surfactant play a very important role in the assembly of the large aggregates. We have investigated the aggregation behavior of anionic surfactants and IL in aqueous solution. Different temperatures and concentrations of IL have been taken to study the effect on critical micelles concentrations of surfactant. The critical micelle concentration values obtained by conductivity measurements are further confirmed by the fluorescence studies. The method is based on the fit of the experimental obtained raw data of fluorescence spectroscopy to a simple nonlinear category of a Boltzmann type sigmoidal function. Thermodynamical parameters of micellization
Δ
H
m
0
$\Delta H_{m}^{0}$
,
Δ
G
m
0
$\Delta G_{m}^{0}$
and
Δ
S
m
0
$\Delta S_{m}^{0}$
have been considered to study the effect of aqueous IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide concentration and temperature on aggregation behavior of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. FT-IR spectra have been studies to verify the structural changes arise in the aqueous IL and surfactant system.
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10
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Rehman A, Usman M, Bokhari TH, Haq AU, Saeed M, Rahman HMAU, Siddiq M, Rasheed A, Nisa MU. The application of cationic-nonionic mixed micellar media for enhanced solubilization of Direct Brown 2 dye. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rehman A, Usman M, Bokhari TH, Rahman HMAU, Mansha A, Siddiq M, Rasheed A, Nisa MU. Effects of nonionic surfactant (TX-100) on solubilizing power of cationic surfactants (CTAB and CPC) for Direct Red 13. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kumar G, Chauhan MS, Kumar A. On the Thermodynamics of Micellizationof Oppositely Charged Surfactants in the Presence of Organic Additives in the Aqueous Medium. Z PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2018-1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To investigate the effect of additives urea and thiourea, on the micellization behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), detailed conductance measurements were carried out in aqueous media at different temperatures. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), determined from the discontinuity in the plots of molar conductance versus square root of concentration, indicated an inhibitory effect of urea and thiourea on micelle forming ability of the surfactants SDS and CTAB in the range of composition studied. The demicellizing effect of urea has been found to be more pronounced in SDS than CTAB. These observations are further augmented by the evaluation of thermodynamic parameters of micellization. A negative change in enthalpy of micellization (
Δ
H
m
∘
$\Delta{\text{H}}_{\text{m}}^{\circ}$
) indicates a strong interaction between water and the additives and a positive change observed in entropy of micellization (
Δ
S
m
∘
$\Delta{\text{S}}_{\text{m}}^{\circ}$
) manifest, that the micellization is an entropy-driven process. Further
Δ
H
m
∘
$\Delta{\text{H}}_{\text{m}}^{\circ}$
and
Δ
S
m
∘
$\Delta{\text{S}}_{\text{m}}^{\circ}$
change in mutually compensating manner, so that
Δ
G
m
∘
<
0
$\Delta{\text{G}}_{\text{m}}^{\circ} < 0$
is not significantly affected. Finally, the counterion binding values (β) obtained for SDS and CTAB remain practically constant from 0.6 to 0.8 between 25 °C and 45 °C indicate that the size and shape of micelle remain essentially constant. Moreover, the increase in
Δ
G
II
∘
$\Delta{\text{G}}_{{\text{II}}}^{\circ}$
values, which represent the effect of co-solvent or additive on micellization, substantiates the above observations. Many early works has investigated the micellization behavior of surfactants using a fixed additive composition. However, in this study, variable aqueous compositions of urea (0.30–1.78 wt%) and thiourea (0.24–1.41 wt%) have been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Kumar
- PG Department of Chemistry , JCDAV College Dasuya , Punjab , India , Tel.: +91 9988154354
| | | | - Anil Kumar
- PG Department of Physics , JCDAV College Dasuya , Punjab , India
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Structural, Dielectric and Magnetic Studies of Perovskite [Gd1−xMxCrO3 (M = La, Co, Bi)] Nanoparticles: Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2018-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) of Gd1−xMxCrO3 (M = La, Co, Bi) were synthesized by microemulsion techniques, involving simultaneous single ion substitution philosophy. Structural, magnetic, dielectric properties, morphology, elemental analysis and distribution size of fabricated nano-crystalline were determined. The techniques employed for investigation are X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), dielectric measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), photoluminescence (PL) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. XRD pattern confirm that all the as-synthesized NPs have orthorhombic structure and successfully substituted of different metal ions into the regular crystal structure of GdCrO3. The lattice parameters X-ray density, bulk density, porosity and grain size were calculated from XRD pattern of Gd1−xMxCrO3 (M = La, Co, Bi) substituted and un-substituted GdCrO3. The magnetic hysteresis loop of fabricated product confirmed that the entire sample exhibits ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. It was also found that the fabricated NPs show excellent photocatalytic activity (PCA) against Congo-red, about 78.24% after 55 min of incubation.
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Shapovalov S, Ponomariov V, Mosharenkova O, Butenko S. Studies of the Association of Dyes with Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions: Spectrophotometry and Computer Simulation. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv7i2p9-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of cationic dye (pinacyanol, PC) with anionic dyes (ethyleosin, EE, or rhodamine 200 C, R200C), and also the interaction “dye+surfactant” has been investigated in aqueous solutions by visible spectroscopy and computer simulation. Cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and triton X-100 (TX) were used as cationic, anionic and non-ionic surfactants respectively. The formation of “dye+surfactant” associates takes place at low dye concentrations (≥10‑6 M) and concentrations of surfactant, which are much smaller than the critical micelle concentrations (CMC). In contrast, similar concentrations (10‑6 – 10‑4 M) of small cations of tetramethylammonium or tetraethylammonium have no noticeable effect on the absorption spectra of the dye in the “dye+tetraalkylammonium salt” systems; it indicates the absence of formation of new compound between the dye and salt. The standard enthalpy of formation of “dye+dye” or “dye+surfactant” associates has been determined by AM1 and PM3 semiempirical methods. The computer simulation confirms that the formation of these associates is energetically beneficial.
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