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Ferreira M, Beullens M, Bollen M, Van Eynde A. Functions and therapeutic potential of protein phosphatase 1: Insights from mouse genetics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:16-30. [PMID: 30056088 PMCID: PMC7114192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) catalyzes more than half of all phosphoserine/threonine dephosphorylation reactions in mammalian cells. In vivo PP1 does not exist as a free catalytic subunit but is always associated with at least one regulatory PP1-interacting protein (PIP) to generate a large set of distinct holoenzymes. Each PP1 complex controls the dephosphorylation of only a small subset of PP1 substrates. We screened the literature for genetically engineered mouse models and identified models for all PP1 isoforms and 104 PIPs. PP1 itself and at least 49 PIPs were connected to human disease-associated phenotypes. Additionally, phenotypes related to 17 PIPs were clearly linked to altered PP1 function, while such information was lacking for 32 other PIPs. We propose structural reverse genetics, which combines structural characterization of proteins with mouse genetics, to identify new PP1-related therapeutic targets. The available mouse models confirm the pleiotropic action of PP1 in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monique Beullens
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleyde Van Eynde
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Li J, Chang WT, Li CQ, Lee C, Huang HH, Hsu CW, Chen WJ, Zhu X, Wang CZ, Vanden Hoek TL, Shao ZH. Baicalein Preventive Treatment Confers Optimal Cardioprotection by PTEN/Akt/NO Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:987-1001. [PMID: 28760044 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is a flavonoid with excellent oxidant scavenging capability. It has been reported to protect against a variety of oxidative injuries including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, the optimal treatment strategy for I/R injury and the protective mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study we employed an established chick cardiomyocyte model of I/R and investigated the effects of three baicalein treatment strategies on reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) production and cell viability. The molecular signaling pathways were also explored. Compared to the I/R control (cell death 52.2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]2.0%), baicalein preventive treatment (25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M, pretreated for 72[Formula: see text]h and continued through I/R) conferred the best protection (19.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]3.9%, [Formula: see text]), followed by I/R treatment (treated during I/R) and reperfusion treatment (treated at reperfusion only). Preventive and I/R treatments almost completely abolished ROS generation during both ischemic and reperfusion phases, and increased NO production and Akt phosphorylation. Reperfusion treatment reduced the ROS burst in the early reperfusion phase only, and had no effect on NO production and Akt activation. Further, the phosphorylation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a phosphatase negatively regulating Akt activation, was significantly increased by baicalein preventive treatment and slightly by the I/R treatment. PTEN protein expression was reduced in the same trend accordingly. Baicalein reperfusion treatment had no effects on PTEN phosphorylation and expression. Our results indicate that baicalein preventive treatment confers optimal cardioprotection against I/R injury, and this protection involves effective oxidant scavenging and the activation of PTEN/Akt/NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- * Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China.,† Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wei-Tien Chang
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,‡ Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chang-Qing Li
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chunpei Lee
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hsien-Hao Huang
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,§ Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Wan Hsu
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,¶ Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- ‡ Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- ∥ Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- ∥ Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Terry L Vanden Hoek
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zuo-Hui Shao
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Juhász L, Varga G, Sztankovics A, Béke F, Docsa T, Kiss-Szikszai A, Gergely P, Kóňa J, Tvaroška I, Somsák L. Structure-Activity Relationships of Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitor FR258900 and Its Analogues: A Combined Synthetic, Enzyme Kinetics, and Computational Study. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gaboriaud-Kolar N, Skaltsounis AL. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors: a patent review (2008 - 2012). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1017-32. [PMID: 23627914 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.794790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of glucose-1-phosphate, the source of energy for muscles and the rest of the body. The binding of different ligands in catalytic or allosteric sites assures activation and deactivation of the enzyme. A description of the regulation mechanism and the implications in glycogen metabolism are given. AREAS COVERED Deregulation of GP has been observed in diseases such as diabetes mellitus or cancers. Therefore, it appears as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of such pathologies. Numbers of inhibitors have been published in academic literature or patented in the last two decades. This review presents the main patent claims published between 2008 and 2012. EXPERT OPINION Good inhibitors with interesting IC50 and in vivo results are presented. However, such therapeutic strategy raises questions and some answers are proposed to bring new insights in the field.
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Varga G, Docsa T, Gergely P, Juhász L, Somsák L. Synthesis of tartaric acid analogues of FR258900 and their evaluation as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1789-92. [PMID: 23395662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Di-O-cinnamoylated, -p-coumaroylated, and -feruloylated d-, l- and meso-tartaric acids were synthesized as analogues of the natural product FR258900, a glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitor with in vivo antihyperglycaemic activity. The new compounds inhibited rabbit muscle GP in the low micromolar range, and bound to the allosteric site of the enzyme. The best inhibitor was 2,3-di-O-feruloyl meso-tartaric acid and had Ki values of 2.0μM against AMP (competitive) and 3.36μM against glucose-1-phosphate (non-competitive).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Varga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, PO Box 20, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
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De Munter S, Köhn M, Bollen M. Challenges and opportunities in the development of protein phosphatase-directed therapeutics. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:36-45. [PMID: 23214403 DOI: 10.1021/cb300597g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases have both protective and promoting roles in the etiology of diseases. A prominent example is the existence of oncogenic as well as tumor-suppressing protein phosphatases. A few protein phosphatase activity modulators are already applied in therapies. These were however not developed in target-directed approaches, and the recent discovery of phosphatase involvement followed their application in therapy. Nevertheless, these examples demonstrate that small molecules can be generated that modulate the activity of protein phosphatases and are beneficial for the treatment of protein phosphorylation diseases. We describe here strategies for the development of activators and inhibitors of protein phosphatases and clarify some long-standing misconceptions concerning the druggability of these enzymes. Recent developments suggest that it is feasible to design potent and selective protein phosphatase modulators with a therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie De Munter
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maja Köhn
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg,
Germany
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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