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Tangdenpaisal K, Chuayboonsong K, Sukjarean P, Katesampao V, Noiphrom N, Ruchirawat S, Ploypradith P. Synthesis of C4C5 Cycloalkyl-Fused and C6-Modified Chromans viaortho-Quinone Methides. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1050-64. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Paterni I, Bertini S, Granchi C, Macchia M, Minutolo F. Estrogen receptor ligands: a patent review update. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1247-71. [PMID: 23713677 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.805206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of estrogens is mostly mediated by two nuclear receptors (ERα and ERβ) and a membrane-associated G-protein (GPR30 or GPER), and it is not limited to reproduction, but it extends to the skeletal, cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Various pathologies such as cancer, inflammatory, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases are often associated with dysfunctions of the estrogenic system. Therapeutic interventions by agents that affect the estrogenic signaling pathway might be useful in the treatment of many dissimilar diseases. AREAS COVERED The massive chemodiversity of ER ligands, limited to patented small molecules, is herein reviewed. The reported compounds are classified on the basis of their chemical structures. Non-steroidal derivatives, which mostly consist of diphenolic compounds, are further segregated into chemical classes based on their central scaffold. EXPERT OPINION Estrogens have been used for almost a century and their earlier applications have concerned interventions in the female reproductive functions, as well as the treatment of some estrogen-dependent cancers and osteoporosis. Since the discovery of ERβ in 1996, the patent literature has started to pay a progressively increasing attention to this newer receptor subtype, which holds promise as a target for new indications, most of which still need to be clinically validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Paterni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa , Italy +39 050 2219557 ; +39 050 2219605 ;
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Radomkit S, Sarnpitak P, Tummatorn J, Batsomboon P, Ruchirawat S, Ploypradith P. Pt(IV)-catalyzed generation and [4+2]-cycloaddition reactions of o-quinone methides. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mohler ML, Narayanan R, Coss CC, Hu K, He Y, Wu Z, Hong SS, Hwang DJ, Miller DD, Dalton JT. Estrogen receptor beta selective nonsteroidal estrogens: seeking clinical indications. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:507-34. [PMID: 20302450 DOI: 10.1517/13543771003657164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Nonsteroidal estrogens have been known since the 1930s. However, the relatively recent (1996) discovery of estrogen receptor subtype beta (ERbeta) suggested a possible paradigm shift away from SERM-like selectivity. Selective ERbeta agonism would potentially allow expansion of estrogenic targeting into new indications (discussed herein) currently precluded by the thrombogenic and hyperproliferative effects of nonselective estrogens. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW ERbeta agonist design has been very successful. Pharmacophores for ERbeta selective nonsteroidal estrogens are generally diphenolic compounds that achieve an inter-phenolic distance and geometry similar to 17beta-estradiol with few restraints on the nature of the element linking the phenols (or phenol mimetics). The tremendously chemodiverse ERbeta agonist patent literature is reviewed, segregating the agonists into structurally similar compounds based on their interphenolic linking elements. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A comprehensive understanding of the chemotype landscape of this field and an assessment of its maturation. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Subtype selective ERbeta agonist therapy seems very promising. However, more clinical testing is needed to firmly establish its therapeutic potential. At this point, ERbeta is a promising target in search of an indication.
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Chandrasekaran A, Ahmad S, Shen L, DeMaio W, Hultin T, Scatina J. Disposition of bazedoxifene in rats. Xenobiotica 2010; 40:578-85. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2010.492879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Shen L, Ahmad S, Park S, DeMaio W, Oganesian A, Hultin T, Scatina J, Bungay P, Chandrasekaran A. In Vitro Metabolism, Permeability, and Efflux of Bazedoxifene in Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:1471-9. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.030999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Tummatorn J, Ruchirawat S, Ploypradith P. A Convergent General Strategy for the Functionalized 2-Aryl Cycloalkyl-Fused Chromans: Intramolecular Hetero-Diels-Alder Reactions ofortho-Quinone Methides. Chemistry 2010; 16:1445-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Minutolo F, Macchia M, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA. Estrogen receptor β ligands: Recent advances and biomedical applications. Med Res Rev 2009; 31:364-442. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which lack the estrogen steroid moiety yet retain the ability to bind the estrogen receptor (ER), are known to confer mixed ER agonist or antagonist effects depending on the target tissue. The tissue-selective effects of SERMs have led to considerations in the clinical profile of an ideal SERM, which would have ER agonist activity in tissues where mimicking the action of estrogens is desirable, and ER neutral or antagonist activity in tissues estrogens have been shown to adversely stimulate. A number of newer SERMs, including bazedoxifene, lasofoxifene, ospemifene, and arzoxifene, are currently in clinical development for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for other indications. Although the possibility of developing a single agent that has all of the desired characteristics of an ideal SERM seems to be unlikely, progress in the clinical development of SERMs targeted to the ER suggests that these newer compounds may have attributes that represent an improvement relative to existing SERMs. Further clinical investigation will help to clarify the relative benefits and risks of novel SERMs in development within specific indications.
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Batsomboon P, Phakhodee W, Ruchirawat S, Ploypradith P. Generation of ortho-Quinone Methides by p-TsOH on Silica and Their Hetero-Diels−Alder Reactions with Styrenes. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4009-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900504y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paratchata Batsomboon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Vipavadee-Rangsit Highway, Bangkok, Thailand 10210, and Program on Research and Development of Synthetic Drugs, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wong Phakhodee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Vipavadee-Rangsit Highway, Bangkok, Thailand 10210, and Program on Research and Development of Synthetic Drugs, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Vipavadee-Rangsit Highway, Bangkok, Thailand 10210, and Program on Research and Development of Synthetic Drugs, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Poonsakdi Ploypradith
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Vipavadee-Rangsit Highway, Bangkok, Thailand 10210, and Program on Research and Development of Synthetic Drugs, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Kharode Y, Bodine PVN, Miller CP, Lyttle CR, Komm BS. The pairing of a selective estrogen receptor modulator, bazedoxifene, with conjugated estrogens as a new paradigm for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis prevention. Endocrinology 2008; 149:6084-91. [PMID: 18703623 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The menopausal transition is associated with decreased ovarian function and concomitant decline in estrogen production, which may result in physiological effects such as hot flashes, reduced bone mass, and altered lipid profile. It is well established that these unfavorable changes are effectively offset with estrogen therapy (ET) or, in women with a uterus, estrogens in combination with a progestin (hormone therapy). Selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulators (SERMs), which exhibit both ER agonist and antagonist activities depending on the target tissue, have been regarded as offering the potential to provide the benefits of ET and hormone therapy with an improved safety and tolerability profile. To date, no SERM alone has demonstrated an ideal benefit-risk profile for menopausal therapy. The tissue-selective estrogen complex, or the pairing of a SERM with estrogens, may provide an optimal blend of ER agonist and antagonist activities. We evaluated the physiological profile of this novel therapeutic paradigm by using various in vivo models to assess uterine, vasomotor, lipid, and skeletal responses to a tissue-selective estrogen complex partnering bazedoxifene with conjugated estrogens (CE). Bazedoxifene at 3.0 mg/kg effectively antagonized CE-induced uterine stimulation without reversing the positive effects of CE on vasomotor instability. When paired with CE, bazedoxifene at 3.0 mg/kg reduced total cholesterol levels by up to 20% compared with CE alone and significantly increased total bone density relative to control. These preclinical findings showed that the appropriate dose combination of bazedoxifene/CE exhibits positive vasomotor, lipid, and skeletal responses with minimal uterine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Kharode
- Wyeth Research, Women's Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
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Richardson TI, Dodge JA, Wang Y, Durbin JD, Krishnan V, Norman BH. Benzopyrans as selective estrogen receptor beta agonists (SERBAs). Part 5: Combined A- and C-ring structure-activity relationship studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5563-6. [PMID: 17804226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Benzopyrans are selective estrogen receptor (ER) beta agonists (SERBAs), which bind the ER subtypes alpha and beta in opposite orientations. Here we describe the synthesis of a late stage intermediate that allowed us to combine A-ring and C-ring modifications and carry out simultaneous SAR studies at both positions. Modification of both positions proved additive, maintaining affinity and improving ERbeta selectivity up to 83-fold. An X-ray cocrystal structure confirms the previously observed binding mode in ERbeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I Richardson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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Norman BH, Richardson TI, Dodge JA, Pfeifer LA, Durst GL, Wang Y, Durbin JD, Krishnan V, Dinn SR, Liu S, Reilly JE, Ryter KT. Benzopyrans as selective estrogen receptor beta agonists (SERBAs). Part 4: functionalization of the benzopyran A-ring. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5082-5. [PMID: 17662603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Benzopyrans are selective estrogen receptor (ER) beta agonists (SERBAs), which bind the ER receptor subtypes alpha and beta in opposite orientations. We have used structure based drug design to show that this unique phenomena can be exploited via substitution at the 8-position of the benzopyran A-ring to disrupt binding to ERalpha, thus improving ERbeta subtype selectivity. X-ray cocrystal structures with ERalpha and ERbeta are supportive of this approach to improve selectivity in this structural class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan H Norman
- Discovery Chemistry Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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Vu AT, Campbell AN, Harris HA, Unwalla RJ, Manas ES, Mewshaw RE. ERβ ligands. Part 6: 6H-Chromeno[4,3-b]quinolines as a new series of estrogen receptor β-selective ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4053-6. [PMID: 17482813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new class of estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) ligands based on the 6H-chromeno[4,3-b]quinoline scaffold has been prepared. Several C7-substituted analogues displayed high affinity and modest selectivity for ERbeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- An T Vu
- Chemical and Screening Sciences Medicinal Chemistry, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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Richardson TI, Dodge JA, Durst GL, Pfeifer LA, Shah J, Wang Y, Durbin JD, Krishnan V, Norman BH. Benzopyrans as selective estrogen receptor beta agonists (SERBAs). Part 3: synthesis of cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone intermediates for C-ring modification. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4824-8. [PMID: 17614275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Benzopyrans are selective estrogen receptor (ER) beta agonists (SERBAs), which bind the ER subtypes alpha and beta in opposite orientations. Here we describe the syntheses of cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone intermediates for SAR studies of the C-ring on the benzopyran scaffold. Modification of the C-ring disrupts binding to ERalpha, thus improving ERbeta selectivity up to 100-fold. X-ray cocrystal structures confirm previously observed binding modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I Richardson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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Benzopyrans as selective estrogen receptor beta agonists (SERBAs). Part 2: structure-activity relationship studies on the benzopyran scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3570-4. [PMID: 17485205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Benzopyrans are selective estrogen receptor (ER) beta agonists (SERBAs), which bind the ER subtypes alpha and beta in opposite orientations. Here we describe structure-activity relationship studies that led to the discovery of bezopyran 5b. X-ray crystal structures of 5b and a non-selective analog 5c in ERalpha help explain the observed selectivity of the benzopyran platform.
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Ullrich JW, Unwalla RJ, Singhaus RR, Harris HA, Mewshaw RE. Estrogen receptor β ligands: Design and synthesis of new 2-phenyl-isoindole-1,3-diones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:118-22. [PMID: 17049855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the 2-phenyl-isoindole-1,3-diones will be discussed. Detailed modeling studies with X-ray support were used to understand the ligand binding orientation and observed selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Ullrich
- Chemical and Screening Sciences Medicinal Chemistry, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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