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Yamashita Y, Tanaka KI, Asano T, Yamakawa N, Kobayashi D, Ishihara T, Hanaya K, Shoji M, Sugai T, Wada M, Mashimo T, Fukunishi Y, Mizushima T. Synthesis and biological comparison of enantiomers of mepenzolate bromide, a muscarinic receptor antagonist with bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3488-97. [PMID: 24844758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by abnormal inflammatory responses and airflow limitations. We recently proposed that the muscarinic antagonist mepenzolate bromide (mepenzolate) would be therapeutically effective against COPD due to its muscarinic receptor-dependent bronchodilatory activity as well as anti-inflammatory properties. Mepenzolate has an asymmetric carbon atom, thus providing us with the opportunity to synthesize both of its enantiomers ((R)- and (S)-mepenzolate) and to examine their biochemical and pharmacological activities. (R)- or (S)-mepenzolate was synthesized by condensation of benzilic acid with (R)- or (S)-alcohol, respectively, followed by quaternization of the tertiary amine. As predicted by computational simulation, a filter-binding assay in vitro revealed that (R)-mepenzolate showed a higher affinity for the muscarinic M3 receptor than (S)-mepenzolate. In vivo, the bronchodilatory activity of (R)-mepenzolate was superior to that of (S)-mepenzolate, whereas anti-inflammatory activity was indistinguishable between the two enantiomers. We confirmed that each mepenzolate maintained its original stereochemistry in the lung when administered intratracheally. These results suggest that (R)-mepenzolate may have superior properties to (S)-mepenzolate as a drug to treat COPD patients given that the former has more potent bronchodilatory activity than the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teita Asano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamakawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | | | | | - Kengo Hanaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shoji
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Mitsuhito Wada
- Technology Research Association for Next Generation Natural Products Chemistry, 2-3-26, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan; Biochemical Information Project, Fujitsu Limited, 1-9-3, Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8588, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Mashimo
- Technology Research Association for Next Generation Natural Products Chemistry, 2-3-26, Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan; Information and Mathematical Science and Bioinformatics Co., Ltd, Owl Tower, 4-21-1, Higashi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0013, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Fukunishi
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tohru Mizushima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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Allmendinger T, Bixel D, Clarke A, Di Geronimo L, Fredy JW, Manz M, Gavioli E, Wicky R, Schneider M, Stauffert FJ, Tibi M, Valentekovic D. Carry Over of Impurities: A Detailed Exemplification for Glycopyrrolate (NVA237). Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op3001788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Allmendinger
- Novartis
Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Bixel
- Novartis
Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Clarke
- Novartis
Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Di Geronimo
- Novartis
Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Wilfried Fredy
- Novartis
Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Manz
- Novartis
Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Gavioli
- Novartis
Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Regine Wicky
- Novartis
Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schneider
- Novartis
Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabien J. Stauffert
- Novartis
Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Tibi
- Novartis
Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darko Valentekovic
- Novartis
Pharma AG, Technical Research and Development, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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