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Kojima T, Mochizuki M, Takai T, Hoashi Y, Morimoto S, Seto M, Nakamura M, Kobayashi K, Sako Y, Tanaka M, Kanzaki N, Kosugi Y, Yano T, Aso K. Discovery of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles as novel class of corticotropin releasing factor 1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2229-2250. [PMID: 29459145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new class of corticotropin releasing factor 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonists characterized by a tricyclic core ring was designed and synthesized. Novel tricyclic derivatives 2a-e were designed as CRF1 receptor antagonists based on conformation analysis of our original 2-anilinobenzimidazole CRF1 receptor antagonist. The synthesized tricyclic derivatives 2a-e showed CRF1 receptor binding activity with IC50 values of less than 400 nM, and the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimido-[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivative 2e was selected as a lead compound with potent in vitro CRF1 receptor binding activity (IC50 = 7.1 nM). To optimize the pharmacokinetic profiles of lead compound 2e, we explored suitable substituents on the 1-position and 6-position, leading to the identification of compound 42c-R, which exhibited potent CRF1 receptor binding activity (IC50 = 58 nM) with good oral bioavailability (F = 68% in rats). Compound 42c-R exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of [125I]-CRF binding in the frontal cortex (5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) as well as suppression of locomotor activation induced by intracerebroventricular administration of CRF in rats (10 mg/kg, p.o.). These results suggest that compound 42c-R successfully binds CRF1 receptors in the brain and exhibits the potential to be further examined for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Kojima
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan.
| | - Michiyo Mochizuki
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Takafumi Takai
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Hoashi
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Sachie Morimoto
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Masaki Seto
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kobayashi
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Yuu Sako
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Maiko Tanaka
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kanzaki
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Yohei Kosugi
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Takahiko Yano
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Aso
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
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2
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Mochizuki M, Kojima T, Kobayashi K, Kotani E, Ishichi Y, Kanzaki N, Nakagawa H, Okuda T, Kosugi Y, Yano T, Sako Y, Tanaka M, Aso K. Discovery of 4-chloro-2-(2,4-dichloro-6-methylphenoxy)-1-methyl-7-(pentan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole, a novel CRF 1 receptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1556-1570. [PMID: 28174066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 exhibits potent binding inhibition activity against a corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF1) receptor (IC50=9.5nM) and in vitro antagonistic activity (IC50=88nM) but is rapidly metabolized by human hepatic microsomes (182μL/min/mg). Here we identified metabolically stable compounds with potent CRF binding inhibitory activity. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies considering in vitro metabolic stability revealed that 4-chloro-2-(2,4-dichloro-6-methylphenoxy)-1-methyl-7-(pentan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole 24d was more stable in human microsomes (87μL/min/mg) than compound 1. Compound 24d demonstrated potent CRF binding inhibitory activity (IC50=4.1nM), in vitro antagonistic activity (IC50=44nM), and slow dissociation from the CRF1 receptor. Orally administered compound 24d (6-24μmol/kg) showed ex vivo CRF1 receptor binding in the rat pituitary, olfactory bulb, and frontal cortex and suppressed stress-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. In this report, we discuss SAR studies on the metabolic stability as well as CRF binding inhibitory activity of the benzimidazole series as CRF1 receptor antagonists and the pharmacological profiles of compound 24d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Mochizuki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Takuto Kojima
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kobayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuo Kotani
- CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 17-85, Jusohonmachi 2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishichi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kanzaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Teruaki Okuda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yohei Kosugi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiko Yano
- Taisho Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 403, Yoshino-cho 1-chome, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yuu Sako
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Maiko Tanaka
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Aso
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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3
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Sawai Y, Yabe O, Nakaoka K, Ikemoto T. Process Development of a CRF1 Receptor Antagonist Based on the Selective Chlorination of a Benzimidazolone via Chlorine Migration. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Sawai
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 17-85, Jusohonmachi
2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Osamu Yabe
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 17-85, Jusohonmachi
2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Nakaoka
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 17-85, Jusohonmachi
2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ikemoto
- Process Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 17-85, Jusohonmachi
2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
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4
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Discovery of a 7-arylaminobenzimidazole series as novel CRF1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4675-4691. [PMID: 27567079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A promising lead compound 1 of a benzimidazole series has been identified as a corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist. In this study, we focused on replacement of a 7-alkylamino group of 1, predicted to occupy a large lipophilic pocket of a CRF1 receptor, with an aryl group. During the course of this examination, we established new synthetic approaches to 2,7-diarylaminobenzimidazoles. The novel synthesis of 7-arylaminobenzimidazoles culminated in the identification of compounds exhibiting inhibitory activities comparable to the alkyl analog 1. A representative compound, p-methoxyanilino analog 16g, showed potent CRF binding inhibitory activity against a human CRF1 receptor and human CRF1 receptor antagonistic activity (IC50=27nM, 56nM, respectively). This compound exhibited ex vivo (125)I-Tyr(0) ((125)I-CRF) binding inhibitory activity in mouse frontal cortex, olfactory bulb, and pituitary gland at 20mg/kg after oral administration. In this report, we discuss the structure-activity-relationship of these 7-arylamino-1H-benzimidazoles and their synthetic method.
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5
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Mochizuki M, Kori M, Kobayashi K, Yano T, Sako Y, Tanaka M, Kanzaki N, Gyorkos AC, Corrette CP, Cho SY, Pratt SA, Aso K. Design and Synthesis of Benzimidazoles As Novel Corticotropin-Releasing Factor 1 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2551-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Mochizuki
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masakuni Kori
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kobayashi
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiko Yano
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yuu Sako
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Maiko Tanaka
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kanzaki
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Albert C. Gyorkos
- Array BioPharma Inc., 3200
Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | | | - Suk Young Cho
- Array BioPharma Inc., 3200
Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Scott A. Pratt
- Array BioPharma Inc., 3200
Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Kazuyoshi Aso
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraokahigashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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6
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Taché Y, Million M. Role of Corticotropin-releasing Factor Signaling in Stress-related Alterations of Colonic Motility and Hyperalgesia. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 21:8-24. [PMID: 25611064 PMCID: PMC4288101 DOI: 10.5056/jnm14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling systems encompass CRF and the structurally related peptide urocortin (Ucn) 1, 2, and 3 along with 2 G-protein coupled receptors, CRF1 and CRF2. CRF binds with high and moderate affinity to CRF1 and CRF2 receptors, respectively while Ucn1 is a high-affinity agonist at both receptors, and Ucn2 and Ucn3 are selective CRF2 agonists. The CRF systems are expressed in both the brain and the colon at the gene and protein levels. Experimental studies established that the activation of CRF1 pathway in the brain or the colon recaptures cardinal features of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (stimulation of colonic motility, activation of mast cells and serotonin, defecation/watery diarrhea, and visceral hyperalgesia). Conversely, selective CRF1 antagonists or CRF1/CRF2 antagonists, abolished or reduced exogenous CRF and stress-induced stimulation of colonic motility, defecation, diarrhea and colonic mast cell activation and visceral hyperalgesia to colorectal distention. By contrast, the CRF2 signaling in the colon dampened the CRF1 mediated stimulation of colonic motor function and visceral hyperalgesia. These data provide a conceptual framework that sustained activation of the CRF1 system at central and/or peripheral sites may be one of the underlying basis of IBS-diarrhea symptoms. While targeting these mechanisms by CRF1 antagonists provided a relevant novel therapeutic venue, so far these promising preclinical data have not translated into therapeutic use of CRF1 antagonists. Whether the existing or newly developed CRF1 antagonists will progress to therapeutic benefits for stress-sensitive diseases including IBS for a subset of patients is still a work in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Taché
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, and Center for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mulugeta Million
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, and Center for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
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7
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Williams JP. Corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor antagonists: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1057-68. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.795545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Saito T, Obitsu T, Kondo T, Matsui T, Nagao Y, Kusumi K, Matsumura N, Ueno S, Kishi A, Katsumata S, Kagamiishi Y, Nakai H, Toda M. 6,7-Dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and their derivatives as novel corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5432-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Miwa Y, Nagase K, Oyama N, Akino H, Yokoyama O. Effect of Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor Receptor Antagonist on Psychologically Suppressed Masculine Sexual Behavior in Rats. J Sex Med 2011; 8:688-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Broxer S, Fitzgerald MA, Sfouggatakis C, Defreese JL, Barlow E, Powers GL, Peddicord M, Su BN, Tai-Yuen Y, Pathirana C, Sherbine JP. The Development of a Robust Process for a CRF1 Receptor Antagonist. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op100270u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sévrine Broxer
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Monica A. Fitzgerald
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Chris Sfouggatakis
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Jessica L. Defreese
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Evan Barlow
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Gerald L. Powers
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael Peddicord
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Bao-Ning Su
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Yue Tai-Yuen
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Charles Pathirana
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - James P. Sherbine
- Process Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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11
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Smith DA, Di L, Kerns EH. The effect of plasma protein binding on in vivo efficacy: misconceptions in drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2011; 9:929-39. [PMID: 21119731 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Data from in vitro plasma protein binding experiments that determine the fraction of protein-bound drug are frequently used in drug discovery to guide structure design and to prioritize compounds for in vivo studies. However, we consider that these practices are usually misleading, because in vivo efficacy is determined by the free (unbound) drug concentration surrounding the therapeutic target, not by the free drug fraction. These practices yield no enhancement of the in vivo free drug concentration. So, decisions based on free drug fraction could result in the wrong compounds being advanced through drug discovery programmes. This Perspective provides guidance on the application of plasma protein binding information in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Smith
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9UJ, UK
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12
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Gilligan PJ, He L, Clarke T, Tivitmahaisoon P, Lelas S, Li YW, Heman K, Fitzgerald L, Miller K, Zhang G, Marshall A, Krause C, McElroy J, Ward K, Shen H, Wong H, Grossman S, Nemeth G, Zaczek R, Arneric SP, Hartig P, Robertson DW, Trainor G. 8-(4-Methoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazines: Selective and Centrally Active Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor-1 (CRF1) Antagonists. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3073-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Gilligan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Liqi He
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Todd Clarke
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Parcharee Tivitmahaisoon
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Snjezana Lelas
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Yu-Wen Li
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Karen Heman
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Lawrence Fitzgerald
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Keith Miller
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Ge Zhang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Anne Marshall
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Carol Krause
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - John McElroy
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Kathyrn Ward
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Helen Shen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Harvey Wong
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Scott Grossman
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Gregory Nemeth
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Robert Zaczek
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Stephen P. Arneric
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Paul Hartig
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - David W. Robertson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - George Trainor
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 311 Pennington Rocky Hill Road, Hopewell, New Jersey 08540, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
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