1
|
Agelis G, Roumelioti P, Resvani A, Durdagi S, Androutsou ME, Kelaidonis K, Vlahakos D, Mavromoustakos T, Matsoukas J. An efficient synthesis of a rationally designed 1,5 disubstituted imidazole AT(1) angiotensin II receptor antagonist: reorientation of imidazole pharmacophore groups in losartan reserves high receptor affinity and confirms docking studies. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2010; 24:749-58. [PMID: 20623162 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-010-9371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new 1,5 disubstituted imidazole AT(1) Angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonist related to losartan with reversion of butyl and hydroxymethyl groups at the 2-, 5-positions of the imidazole ring was synthesized and evaluated for its antagonist activity (V8). In vitro results indicated that the reorientation of butyl and hydroxymethyl groups on the imidazole template of losartan retained high binding affinity to the AT(1) receptor concluding that the spacing of the substituents at the 2,5- positions is of primary importance. The docking studies are confirmed by binding assay results which clearly show a comparable binding score of the designed compound V8 with that of the prototype losartan. An efficient, regioselective and cost effective synthesis renders the new compound as an attractive candidate for advanced toxicological evaluation and a drug against hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Agelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurab Bhardwaj
- Assistant Professor of Strategy and Management, 229 Tomasso Hall, Babson College, Babson Park, MA 02457, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wittenberger SJ, Tasker A, Sorensen BK, Donner BG. 2-Butyl-4-iodoimidazole-5-carboxaldehyde: A Versatile Intermediate for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Imidazoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919308011184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Wittenberger
- a Process Chemistry D-45L/AP10, Pharmaceutical Products Division Abbott Laboratories , One Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL, 60064-3500
| | - Andrew Tasker
- b Cardiovascular Chemistry D-47C/AP10, Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories , One Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL, 60064-3500
| | - Bryan K. Sorensen
- b Cardiovascular Chemistry D-47C/AP10, Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories , One Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL, 60064-3500
| | - B. Gregory Donner
- b Cardiovascular Chemistry D-47C/AP10, Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories , One Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL, 60064-3500
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deprez P, Vevert JP. Efficient Two-Step Syntheses of Sulfonylguanidines from Sulfonamides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919608003832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
5
|
Mavromoustakos T, Moutevelis-Minakakis P, Kokotos CG, Kontogianni P, Politi A, Zoumpoulakis P, Findlay J, Cox A, Balmforth A, Zoga A, Iliodromitis E. Synthesis, binding studies and in vivo biological evaluation of novel non-peptide antihypertensive analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:4353-60. [PMID: 16546395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AT(1) antagonists (SARTANs) constitute the last generation of drugs for the treatment of hypertension, designed and synthesized to mimic the C-terminal segment of the vasoconstrictive hormone angiotensin II (AngII). They exert their action by blocking the binding of AngII on the AT(1) receptor. Up to date eight AT(1) antagonists have been approved for the regulation of high blood pressure. Although these molecules share common structural features and are designed to act under the same mechanism, they have differences in their pharmacological profiles and antihypertensive efficacy. Thus, there is still a need for novel analogues with better pharmacological and financial profiles. An example of a novel synthetic non peptide AT(1) antagonist which devoids the classical template of SARTANs is MM1. In vivo studies showed that MMK molecules, which fall in the same class of MM1, had a significant antihypertensive (40-80% compared to the drug losartan) activity. However, in vitro affinity studies showed that losartan has considerably higher affinity. The theoretical docking studies showed that MM1 acts on the same site of the receptor as losartan. They exert hydrophobic interactions with amino acid Val108 of the third helix of the AT(1) receptor and other hydrophobic amino acids in spatial vicinity. In addition, losartan favours multiple hydrogen bondings between its tetrazole group with Lys199. These additional interactions may in part explain its higher in vitro binding affinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Mavromoustakos
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dickstein K, Timmermans P, Segal R. Losartan: a selective angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist for the treatment of heart failure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 7:1897-914. [PMID: 15991937 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.7.11.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Losartan (COZAAR) is the prototype of a new class of potent and selective angiotensin II (AII) type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonists with the largest published preclinical and clinical data base. Since all of the AII antagonists are selective for the AT(1) receptor, these drugs should exhibit similar cardiovascular effects. However, since the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of these agents and their degree of affinity for the AT(1) receptor differ, it is likely that differences in clinical profiles between these drugs exist and will require investigation. Losartan (parent compound), has moderate affinity for the AT(1) receptor (competitive inhibition). Losartan is well-absorbed orally as an active drug and is rapidly converted via oxidation in the human liver to a more potent metabolite (designated E3174) with an affinity 20- to 30-times greater for the AT(1) receptor (non-competitive inhibition). E3174 has a half-life of 6 - 9 h; elimination is via renal and hepatic routes. Antihypertensive and, in heart failure patients, haemodynamic activity is observed over a 24 h period with once daily dosing. Over 6 million patients have been treated for hypertension with continued excellent tolerability. Clinical experience in heart failure is growing, and recent data suggest an improved survival with losartan versus captopril, a drug from the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor class with proven benefit in this population. The current comprehensive losartan clinical end-point programme (4 large scale morbidity/mortality trials) should provide evidence regarding the efficacy of direct blockade of the AT(1) receptor with losartan compared to standard therapy: 1) The Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study - ELITE II, 2) The Losartan Post-Myocardial Infarction Survival Study - OPTIMAAL, 3) The Losartan Hypertension Survival Study - LIFE and 4) The Losartan Renal Protection Study - RENAAL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Dickstein
- Cardiology Division, Central Hospital in Rogaland, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Herr RJ. 5-Substituted-1H-tetrazoles as carboxylic acid isosteres: medicinal chemistry and synthetic methods. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:3379-93. [PMID: 12213451 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
5-Substituted-1H-tetrazoles (RCN4H) are often used as metabolism-resistant isosteric replacements for carboxylic acids (RCO2H) in SAR-driven medicinal chemistry analogue syntheses. This review provides a brief summary of the medicinal chemistry of tetrazolic acids and highlights some examples of tetrazole-containing drug substances in the current literature. A survey of representative literature procedures for the preparation of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles, focusing on preparations from aryl and alkyl nitriles, is presented in sections by generalized synthetic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Jason Herr
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc., PO Box 15098, Albany, NY 12212-5098, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Gasparo M, Levens N. Does blockade of angiotensin II receptors offer clinical benefits over inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme? PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 1998; 82:257-71. [PMID: 9677617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1998.tb01572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists represent a new class of drugs for the treatment of hypertension. They are specific for the renin-angiotensin system, selective for the angiotensin AT1 receptor, and act independently of the angiotensin II synthetic pathway. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system at the receptor level should therefore be more complete. The high circulating levels of angiotensin II following angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade could be beneficial in stimulating other unblocked angiotensin receptors, especially the AT2 receptor. It has been proposed that the angiotensin AT2 receptor, which is re-expressed or up-regulated during pathological circumstances, counterbalances the effect of the stimulation of the angiotensin AT1 receptor. Through this mechanism, angiotensin AT1 antagonists may be superior to ACE inhibitors in cardiac and vascular remodelling as well as in kidney insufficiency. Long-term trials are required to demonstrate the possible clinical superiority of this new class of antihypertensive agents.
Collapse
|
9
|
L-162,389: a potent orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist with balanced affinity to both AT1 and AT2 receptor subtypes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(96)00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
10
|
Deprez P, Heckmann B, Corbier A, Vevert JP, Fortin M, Guillaume J. Balanced AT1 and AT2 angiotensin II antagonists. I. New orally active 5-carboxyl imidazolyl biphenyl sulfonylureas. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00478-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Deprez P, Guillaume J, Corbier A, Fortin M, Vevert JP, Heckmann B. Balanced AT1 and AT2 angiotensin II antagonists. II. Potent 5 α-hydroxyacid imidazolyl biphenyl sulfonylureas. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00479-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
Deprez P, Guillaume J, Corbier A, Vevert JP, Fortin M, Heckmann B. Balanced AT1 and AT2 angiotensin II antagonists. III. potent and orally active 5-β-ketosulfoxide imidazolyl biphenyl sulfonylureas. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(95)00480-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Criscione L, Bradley WA, Bühlmayer P, Whitebread S, Glazer R, Lloyd P, Mueller P, Gasparo M. Valsartan: Preclinical and Clinical Profile of an Antihypertensive Angiotensin-II Antagonist. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.1995.tb00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Synthesis and angiotensin II receptor antagonist activity of C-linked pyrimidine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(96)88246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Potent triazolinone-based angiotensin II receptor antagonists with equivalent affinity for both the AT1 and AT2 subtypes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Quan ML, Olson RE, Carini DJ, Ellis CD, Hillyer GL, Lalka GK, Liu J, VanAtten MK, Chiu AT, Wong PC, Wexler RR, Timmermans PB. Balanced angiotensin II receptor antagonists. I. The effects of biphenyl “ortho”-substitution on AT1/AT2 affinities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Wester RT, Chambers RJ, Green MD, Murphy WR. Preparation of a novel series of phosphonate norstatine renin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Quan ML, DeLucca I, Boswell GA, Chiu AT, Wong PC, Wexler RR, Timmermans PB. Imidazolinones as nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Levin JI, Chan PS, Bailey T, Katocs AS, Venkatesan A. The synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinazolinone angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
22
|
Levin J, Venkatesan A, Chan P, Baker J, Francisco G, Bailey T, Vice G, Katocs A, Lai F, Coupet J. 2,3,6-Substituted quinazolinones as angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
23
|
Osswald M, Mederski WW, Schwarz M, Beier N, Lues I, Minck KO. 3-Substituted 6-butyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-2-ones: A new series of potent nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Mantlo NB, Kim D, Ondeyka D, Chang RS, Kivlighn SD, Siegl PK, Greenlee WJ. Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-based AT1 / AT2 angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)81115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Bühlmayer P, Furet P, Criscione L, de Gasparo M, Whitebread S, Schmidlin T, Lattmann R, Wood J. Valsartan, a potent, orally active angiotensin II antagonist developed from the structurally new amino acid series. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)81117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Carpino PA, Sneddon SF, Paul da Silva J, George T. MA, Albert L. R, Michael R. B. A conformationally restrained series of AT1-selective angiotensin II antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)81128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
Zydowsky TM, Winn M, De B, Condon SL, Altenbach RJ, Basha FZ, Boyd SA, Buckner SA, Hancock AA, Lee JY, Mantei RA, Novosad EI, Sorensen BK, Tasker AS, Shiosaki K, Kerkman DJ, Opgenorth TJ, DeBernardis JF. Synthesis and In Vitro evaluation of fused ring heterocyle-containing angiotensin II antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)81142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Mantlo N, Chang RS, Siegl P. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists containing a phenylpyridine element. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
30
|
Allen EE, de Laszlo SE, Huang SX, Quagliato CS, Greenlee WJ, Chang RS, Chen TB, Faust KA, Lotti VJ. Quinazolinones 1: design and synthesis of potent quinazolinone- containing AT1-selective angiotensin-II receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
31
|
Chapter 8. Hypertension Therapy: What Next? ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|