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Liang X, Yang Q, Wu P, He C, Yin L, Xu F, Yin Z, Yue G, Zou Y, Li L, Song X, Lv C, Zhang W, Jing B. The synthesis review of the approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors for anticancer therapy in 2015-2020. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:105011. [PMID: 34091289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century, cancer is the major public health problem worldwide. Based on the important roles of protein tyrosine kinase, the accelerated hunt for potent small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors has led to the success of 30 newly inhibitors in this family for the cancer therapy in last five years. In this review, we updated their synthesis methods, and compared the original research routes with the optimized routes for each PTK inhibitor against different target, in order to make an outlook on the future synthesis of potential PTK inhibitors for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Qian Yang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Pan Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Funeng Xu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Jing
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Liang X, Wu P, Yang Q, Xie Y, He C, Yin L, Yin Z, Yue G, Zou Y, Li L, Song X, Lv C, Zhang W, Jing B. An update of new small-molecule anticancer drugs approved from 2015 to 2020. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113473. [PMID: 33906047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A high incidence of cancer has given rise to the development of more anti-tumor drugs. From 2015 to 2020, fifty-six new small-molecule anticancer drugs, divided into ten categories according to their anti-tumor target activities, have been approved. These include TKIs (30 drugs), MAPK inhibitors (3 drugs), CDK inhibitors (3 drugs), PARP inhibitors (3 drugs), PI3K inhibitors (3 drugs), SMO receptor antagonists (2 drugs), AR antagonists (2 drugs), SSTR inhibitors (2 drugs), IDH inhibitors (2 drugs) and others (6 drugs). Among them, PTK inhibitors (30/56) have led to a paradigm shift in cancer treatment with less toxicity and more potency. Each of their structures, approval statuses, applications, SAR analyses, and original research synthesis routes have been summarized, giving us a more comprehensive map for further efforts to design more specific targeted agents for reducing cancer in the future. We believe this review will help further research of potential antitumor agents in clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
| | - Pan Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yunyu Xie
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Jing
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
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Bergström CAS, Charman WN, Porter CJH. Computational prediction of formulation strategies for beyond-rule-of-5 compounds. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 101:6-21. [PMID: 26928657 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of some contemporary drug candidates are moving towards higher molecular weight, and coincidentally also higher lipophilicity in the quest for biological selectivity and specificity. These physicochemical properties move the compounds towards beyond rule-of-5 (B-r-o-5) chemical space and often result in lower water solubility. For such B-r-o-5 compounds non-traditional delivery strategies (i.e. those other than conventional tablet and capsule formulations) typically are required to achieve adequate exposure after oral administration. In this review, we present the current status of computational tools for prediction of intestinal drug absorption, models for prediction of the most suitable formulation strategies for B-r-o-5 compounds and models to obtain an enhanced understanding of the interplay between drug, formulation and physiological environment. In silico models are able to identify the likely molecular basis for low solubility in physiologically relevant fluids such as gastric and intestinal fluids. With this baseline information, a formulation scientist can, at an early stage, evaluate different orally administered, enabling formulation strategies. Recent computational models have emerged that predict glass-forming ability and crystallisation tendency and therefore the potential utility of amorphous solid dispersion formulations. Further, computational models of loading capacity in lipids, and therefore the potential for formulation as a lipid-based formulation, are now available. Whilst such tools are useful for rapid identification of suitable formulation strategies, they do not reveal drug localisation and molecular interaction patterns between drug and excipients. For the latter, Molecular Dynamics simulations provide an insight into the interplay between drug, formulation and intestinal fluid. These different computational approaches are reviewed. Additionally, we analyse the molecular requirements of different targets, since these can provide an early signal that enabling formulation strategies will be required. Based on the analysis we conclude that computational biopharmaceutical profiling can be used to identify where non-conventional gateways, such as prediction of 'formulate-ability' during lead optimisation and early development stages, are important and may ultimately increase the number of orally tractable contemporary targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel A S Bergström
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - William N Charman
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J H Porter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Nano-Bio Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Mesaros EF, Ott GR, Dorsey BD. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:417-42. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.877890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Control of ALK (wild type and mutated forms) phosphorylation: specific role of the phosphatase PTP1B. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1505-13. [PMID: 23499906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine residues is regulated by the activities of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) essentially and transiently expressed during development of the central and peripheral nervous systems. ALK has been identified as a major neuroblastoma predisposition gene and activating mutations have been identified in a subset of sporadic neuroblastoma tumors. We previously established that the mutated receptors were essentially retained in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi compartments due to their constitutive activity. Intriguingly we demonstrated a stronger phosphorylation for the minor pool of receptor addressed to the plasma membrane. We decided to investigate the potential involvement of tyrosine phosphatase in dephosphorylation of this intracellular pool. In this study we first showed that general inhibition of tyrosine phosphatases resulted in a dramatic increase of the tyrosine phosphorylation of the wild type but also of the mutated receptors. This increase not only required the intrinsic kinase activity of the ALK receptor but also involved the Src tyrosine kinase family. Second we provided strong evidences that the endoplasmic reticulum associated phosphatase PTP1B is key player in the control of ALK phosphorylation. Our data shed a new light on the biological significance of the basal phosphorylation levels of both wild type and mutated ALK receptors and could be essential to further understand their roles in malignancies.
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O'Bryant CL, Wenger SD, Kim M, Thompson LA. Crizotinib: A New Treatment Option for ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Pharmacother 2013; 47:189-97. [DOI: 10.1345/aph.1r002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To review the characteristics and clinical trial data of crizotinib in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). DATA SOURCE: A literature search using PubMed/MEDLINE (up to December 2012) was performed using the terms crizotinib, ALK-positive, non-small cell lung cancer, and PF-02341066. STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: Phase 1, 2, and 3 trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of crizotinib in a cohort of patients with ALK rearrangements and advanced NSCLC were evaluated. All peer-reviewed articles with clinically relevant information were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: ALK rearrangement results in an aberrant EML4-ALK fusion oncogene that constitutively activates ALK tyrosine kinase, resulting in inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of tumor cell proliferation. Approximately 3–5% of NSCLC exhibit this rearrangement. Crizotinib is an oral selective inhibitor of ALK and mesenchymal epithelial growth factor tyrosine kinases. Early phase trials with crizotinib showed improved response rates of 50–57% and extended duration of response of 6–10 months. Results of these studies led to accelerated Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of crizotinib. Further clinical trial results confirmed improvement in response rates, duration of response, as well as progression-free survival in ALK-positive patients with NSCLC receiving crizotinib. The drug undergoes hepatic metabolism by CYP3A4 and demonstrates autoinhibition of CY3A4, thus predisposing it to drug interactions. The most frequent toxicities with crizotinib include mild visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, edema, and generally reversible, sometimes severe, elevations in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. CONCLUSIONS: Crizotinib is a novel targeted anticancer agent that appears to be a favorable treatment option for patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC that is ALK-positive as detected by an FDA-approved test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L O'Bryant
- Cindy L O'Bryant PharmD BCOP FCCP, Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Sarah D Wenger
- Sarah D Wenger PharmD, Oncology Pharmacy Practice Resident, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado
| | - Miryoung Kim
- Miryoung Kim PharmD, Oncology Clinical Research Fellow, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado
| | - Lisa A Thompson
- Lisa A Thompson PharmD BCOP, Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado
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8
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Giroux S. Overcoming acquired resistance to kinase inhibition: the cases of EGFR, ALK and BRAF. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:394-401. [PMID: 23245516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, several kinase inhibitors have been approved based on their clinical benefit for cancer patients. Unfortunately, in many cases, patients develop resistance to these agents via secondary mutations and alternative mechanisms. This review will focus on the cases of acquired resistance to EGFR and ALK inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer patients and BRAF inhibitors for melanoma patients. I will overview the main causes of acquired resistance, and explore the chemical scaffolds as well as combination of drugs, used to tackle these major causes of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Giroux
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 130 Waverly St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Kruczynski A, Delsol G, Laurent C, Brousset P, Lamant L. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase as a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:1127-38. [PMID: 22998583 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.719498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a tyrosine kinase receptor, has been initially identified through its involvement in chromosomal translocations associated with anaplastic large cell lymphoma. However, recent evidence that aberrant ALK activity is also involved in an expanding number of tumor types, such as other lymphomas, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, neuroblastomas and some carcinomas, including non-small cell lung carcinomas, is boosting research progress in ALK-targeted therapies. AREAS COVERED The first aim of this review is to describe current understandings about the ALK tyrosine kinase and its implication in the oncogenesis of human cancers as a fusion protein or through mutations. The second goal is to discuss its interest as a therapeutic target and to provide a review of the literature regarding ALK inhibitors. Mechanisms of acquired resistance are also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Several ALK inhibitors have recently been developed, offering new treatment options in tumors driven by abnormal ALK signaling. However, as observed with other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, resistance has emerged in patients treated with these agents. The complexity of mechanisms of acquired resistance recently described suggests that other therapeutic options, including combination of ALK and other kinases targeted drugs, will be required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kruczynski
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
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10
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Gingrich DE, Lisko JG, Curry MA, Cheng M, Quail M, Lu L, Wan W, Albom MS, Angeles TS, Aimone LD, Haltiwanger RC, Wells-Knecht K, Ott GR, Ghose AK, Ator MA, Ruggeri B, Dorsey BD. Discovery of an Orally Efficacious Inhibitor of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4580-93. [PMID: 22564207 DOI: 10.1021/jm201550q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane E. Gingrich
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Joseph G. Lisko
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Matthew A. Curry
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Mangeng Cheng
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Matthew Quail
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Lihui Lu
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Weihua Wan
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Mark S. Albom
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Thelma S. Angeles
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Lisa D. Aimone
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - R. Curtis Haltiwanger
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Kevin Wells-Knecht
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Gregory R. Ott
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Arup K. Ghose
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Mark A. Ator
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Bruce Ruggeri
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Bruce D. Dorsey
- Worldwide
Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145
Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
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11
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Mazot P, Cazes A, Dingli F, Degoutin J, Irinopoulou T, Boutterin MC, Lombard B, Loew D, Hallberg B, Palmer RH, Delattre O, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Vigny M. Internalization and down-regulation of the ALK receptor in neuroblastoma cell lines upon monoclonal antibodies treatment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33581. [PMID: 22479414 PMCID: PMC3316580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, activating mutations of the full length ALK receptor, with two hot spots at positions F1174 and R1275, have been characterized in sporadic cases of neuroblastoma. Here, we report similar basal patterns of ALK phosphorylation between the neuroblastoma IMR-32 cell line, which expresses only the wild-type receptor (ALKWT), and the SH-SY5Y cell line, which exhibits a heterozygous ALK F1174L mutation and expresses both ALKWT and ALKF1174L receptors. We demonstrate that this lack of detectable increased phosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells is a result of intracellular retention and proteasomal degradation of the mutated receptor. As a consequence, in SH-SY5Y cells, plasma membrane appears strongly enriched for ALKWT whereas both ALKWT and ALKF1174L were present in intracellular compartments. We further explored ALK receptor trafficking by investigating the effect of agonist and antagonist mAb (monoclonal antibodies) on ALK internalization and down-regulation, either in SH-SY5Y cells or in cells expressing only ALKWT. We observe that treatment with agonist mAbs resulted in ALK internalization and lysosomal targeting for receptor degradation. In contrast, antagonist mAb induced ALK internalization and recycling to the plasma membrane. Importantly, we correlate this differential trafficking of ALK in response to mAb with the recruitment of the ubiquitin ligase Cbl and ALK ubiquitylation only after agonist stimulation. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms regulating ALK trafficking and degradation, showing that various ALK receptor pools are regulated by proteasome or lysosome pathways according to their intracellular localization.
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12
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Mesaros EF, Thieu TV, Wells GJ, Zificsak CA, Wagner JC, Breslin HJ, Tripathy R, Diebold JL, McHugh RJ, Wohler AT, Quail MR, Wan W, Lu L, Huang Z, Albom MS, Angeles TS, Wells-Knecht KJ, Aimone LD, Cheng M, Ator MA, Ott GR, Dorsey BD. Strategies to Mitigate the Bioactivation of 2-Anilino-7-Aryl-Pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines: Identification of Orally Bioavailable, Efficacious ALK Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2011; 55:115-25. [PMID: 22141319 DOI: 10.1021/jm2010767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugen F. Mesaros
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Tho V. Thieu
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Gregory J. Wells
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Craig A. Zificsak
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Jason C. Wagner
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Henry J. Breslin
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Rabindranath Tripathy
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - James L. Diebold
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Robert J. McHugh
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Ashley T. Wohler
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Matthew R. Quail
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Weihua Wan
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Lihui Lu
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Zeqi Huang
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Mark S. Albom
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Thelma S. Angeles
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Kevin J. Wells-Knecht
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Lisa D. Aimone
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Mangeng Cheng
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Mark A. Ator
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Gregory R. Ott
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
| | - Bruce D. Dorsey
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United
States
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13
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High anaplastic lymphoma kinase immunohistochemical staining in neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma is an independent predictor of poor outcome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 180:1223-1231. [PMID: 22203052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations occur in 3% to 11% of neuroblastoma (NBL) cases and are associated with high ALK levels. However, high ALK levels appear to be a mutation-independent hallmark of NBL. Evidence about the prognostic relevance of ALK mutations and ALK tumor positivity in patients with NBL has been inconclusive. In this study, we investigated the prognostic relevance of ALK positivity by IHC and ALK mutation status by PCR sequencing in 71 NBL, 12 ganglioneuroblastoma (GNBL), and 20 ganglioneuroma samples in a multivariate model. ALK mutations were present in 2 of 72 NBL and 2 of 12 GNBL samples, which all contained many ALK-positive cells (>50%). In addition, half of all NBL samples showed ALK positivity in most (>50%) of tumor cells, whereas half of the GNBL showed staining in <20% of the tumor cells. In most ganglioneuroma samples, a low percentage of tumor cells stained positive for ALK, which mainly involved ganglion cells. Higher percentages of ALK-positive cells in NBL and GNBL patient samples correlated with inferior survival in univariate and multivariate analyses with established prognostic factors, such as stage, age, and MYCN status. In conclusion, ALK positivity by IHC is an independent, poor prognostic factor in patients with GNBL and NBL. ALK IHC is an easy test suitable for future risk stratification in patients with NBL and GNBL.
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14
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Breslin HJ, Lane BM, Ott GR, Ghose AK, Angeles TS, Albom MS, Cheng M, Wan W, Haltiwanger RC, Wells-Knecht KJ, Dorsey BD. Design, Synthesis, and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibitory Activity for a Novel Series of 2,4,8,22-Tetraazatetracyclo[14.3.1.13,7.19,13]docosa-1(20),3(22),4,6,9(21),10,12,16,18-nonaene Macrocycles. J Med Chem 2011; 55:449-64. [PMID: 22172029 DOI: 10.1021/jm201333e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry J. Breslin
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine
Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245, United States
| | - Brandon M. Lane
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine
Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245, United States
| | - Gregory R. Ott
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine
Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245, United States
| | - Arup K. Ghose
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine
Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245, United States
| | - Thelma S. Angeles
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine
Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245, United States
| | - Mark S. Albom
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine
Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245, United States
| | - Mangeng Cheng
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine
Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245, United States
| | - Weihua Wan
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine
Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245, United States
| | - R. Curtis Haltiwanger
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine
Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245, United States
| | - Kevin J. Wells-Knecht
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine
Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245, United States
| | - Bruce D. Dorsey
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine
Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380-4245, United States
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15
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Hallberg B, Palmer RH. ALK and NSCLC: Targeted therapy with ALK inhibitors. F1000 MEDICINE REPORTS 2011; 3:21. [PMID: 22076124 PMCID: PMC3206708 DOI: 10.3410/m3-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For many years treatment for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has employed chemotherapy regimens for patient care, with limited effect. Five-year survival rates for these patients are not encouraging. However, for a subgroup of these patients, there have been radical changes over recent years. Our understanding of the basic pathology behind NSCLC at the molecular level has offered up a host of new molecularly targeted therapies, which are revolutionizing this area of cancer care. Results from recent clinical trials provide hope for NSCLC patients harboring oncogenic translocations involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase. Just as inhibition of the breakpoint cluster region-ABL complex has changed the face of chronic myeloid leukemia diagnosis, oncogenic ALK fusions offer a step forward in the diagnosis and treatment of ALK-positive NSCLC. This article discusses the current knowledge and potential implications concerning ALK inhibitors and NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, UmeåS-901 87Sweden
| | - Ruth H. Palmer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, UmeåS-901 87Sweden
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16
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. It accounts for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. Children with high-risk disease have a 3-year event-free survival rate of only 20%. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment in children with advanced neuroblastoma. The aim of this article was to review and critically evaluate the pharmacotherapy of neuroblastoma, using peer reviewed and review literature from 2000-11. All peer reviewed, published human subject studies of therapy for neuroblastoma in children were included. Animal model and in vitro studies were included only if they added to the understanding of the mechanism of a proposed or existing human neuroblastoma therapy. Current therapeutic options for neuroblastoma involve insufficient differentiation of normal from neoplastic tissue. Critically needed new approaches will increasingly exploit targeting of therapy for unique characteristics of the neuroblastoma cell. Pharmacotherapy for neuroblastoma still suffers from an inadequate therapeutic window. Enhancement of toxicity for tumor and safety for normal tissues will entail innovation in targeting neuroblastoma cells and rescuing or protecting normal tissue elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena R Ganeshan
- Center for Neural Development and Disease, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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17
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Slavish PJ, Price JE, Jiang Q, Cui X, Morris SW, Webb TR. Synthesis of an aryloxy oxo pyrimidinone library that displays ALK-selective inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4592-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Zificsak CA, Theroff JP, Aimone LD, Angeles TS, Albom MS, Cheng M, Mesaros EF, Ott GR, Quail MR, Underiner TL, Wan W, Dorsey BD. Methanesulfonamido-cyclohexylamine derivatives of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine as potent ALK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3877-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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