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Sun G, Wang J, Liu F, Zhao C, Cui S, Wang Z, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Xiang C, Zhang Y, Galons H, Yu P, Teng Y. G-4 inhibits triple negative breast cancer by inducing cell apoptosis and promoting LCN2-dependent ferroptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116077. [PMID: 38395264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Compound G-4 is a derivate of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Rocovitine and showed strong sensitivity to triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. In this study, the antitumor activity, mechanism and possible targets of G-4 in TNBC were investigated. Flow cytometry and immunoblotting showed that G-4 not only arrested the S phase of the cell cycle, but also induced apoptosis in TNBC cells via the mitochondrial pathway through inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), AKT and MAPK pathways. In addition, G-4 induced the iron-mutagenesis process in TNBC cells and down-regulated differentially expressed gene lipid carrier protein 2 (LCN2) by RNA-seq. Moreover, G-4 elevated levels of cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid ROS, Fe and malondialdehyde (MDA), but decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), consistent with the effects of iron-mutagenic agonists Erastin and RSL3, which were inhibited by the iron inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Furthermore, a LCN2 knockdown cell model was established by siRNA transfection, the IC50 of G-4 was increased nearly 100-fold, accompanied by a trend of no ferroptosis characteristic index. The results indicated that G-4 suppressed the malignant phenotype of TNBC, induced apoptosis by inhibiting EGFR pathway and promoted LCN2-dependent ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyang Sun
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Futao Liu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Cai Zhao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shanshan Cui
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Cen Xiang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR8232 CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Herve Galons
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Université Paris Cité, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris, France
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuou Teng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Elkamhawy A, Ammar UM, Paik S, Abdellattif MH, Elsherbeny MH, Lee K, Roh EJ. Scaffold Repurposing of In-House Small Molecule Candidates Leads to Discovery of First-in-Class CDK-1/HER-2 Dual Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Silico Screening. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175324. [PMID: 34500757 PMCID: PMC8433807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, multitargeted drugs are considered a potential approach in treating cancer. In this study, twelve in-house indole-based derivatives were preliminary evaluated for their inhibitory activities over VEGFR-2, CDK-1/cyclin B and HER-2. Compound 15l showed the most inhibitory activities among the tested derivatives over CDK-1/cyclin B and HER-2. Compound 15l was tested for its selectivity in a small kinase panel. It showed dual selectivity for CDK-1/cyclin B and HER-2. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity assay was assessed for the selected series against nine NCI cell lines. Compound 15l showed the most potent inhibitory activities among the tested compounds. A deep in silico molecular docking study was conducted for compound 15l to identify the possible binding modes into CDK-1/cyclin B and HER-2. The docking results revealed that compound 15l displayed interesting binding modes with the key amino acids in the binding sites of both kinases. In vitro and in silico studies demonstrate the indole-based derivative 15l as a selective dual CDK-1 and HER-2 inhibitor. This emphasizes a new challenge in drug development strategies and signals a significant milestone for further structural and molecular optimization of these indole-based derivatives in order to achieve a drug-like property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (A.E.); (K.L.); (E.J.R.)
| | - Usama M. Ammar
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK;
| | - Sora Paik
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (S.P.); (M.H.E.)
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed H. Elsherbeny
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (S.P.); (M.H.E.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.E.); (K.L.); (E.J.R.)
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (S.P.); (M.H.E.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.E.); (K.L.); (E.J.R.)
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Huang Y, Huang W, Huang Y, Song P, Zhang M, Zhang HT, Pan S, Hu Y. Cdk5 Inhibitory Peptide Prevents Loss of Neurons and Alleviates Behavioral Changes in p25 Transgenic Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:1231-1242. [PMID: 32144987 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of p25 is thought to be a causative risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a cleaved product of p35, p25 binds to cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and leads to the hyperactivity of Cdk5. Then, Cdk5/p25 phosphorylates many pathological substrates related to neurodegenerative diseases. p25 transgenic (Tg) mouse model recaptures some pathological changes of AD, including tau hyperphosphorylation, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death, which can be prevented by transgenic expression of Cdk5 inhibitory peptide (CIP) before the insult of p25. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we would like to know whether adeno-associated virus serotype-9 (AAV9)-mediated CIP can protect neurons after insult of p25 in p25Tg mice. METHODS Administration of AAV9-CIP or control virus were delivered in the brain of p25Tg mice via intracerebroventricular infusions following the induction of p25. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assessment, and animal behavioral evaluation were performed. RESULTS Brain atrophy, neuronal death, tau phosphorylation and inflammation in the hippocampus, and cognitive decline were observed in p25Tg mice. Administration of CIP but not the control virus in p25Tg mice reduced levels of tau phosphorylation and inflammation in the hippocampus, which is correlated with inhibition of brain atrophy and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus, and improvement of cognitive decline. CONCLUSION Our results provide further evidence that the neurotoxicity of p25 can be alleviated by CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yingwei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Song
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Melanie Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, Physiology & Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, The Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Hübbers A, Hennings J, Lambertz D, Haas U, Trautwein C, Nevzorova YA, Sonntag R, Liedtke C. Pharmacological Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Triggers Anti-Fibrotic Effects in Hepatic Stellate Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093267. [PMID: 32380742 PMCID: PMC7246535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound healing process in response to chronic liver injury, which is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular collagen produced by Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSCs). This process involves cell cycle re-entry and proliferation of normally quiescent HSCs controlled by cyclins and associated cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Cdk2 mediates the entry and progression through S-phase in complex with E-and A-type cyclins. We have demonstrated that cyclin E1 is essential for liver fibrogenesis in mice, but it is not known if this is dependent on Cdk2 or related Cdks. Here, we aimed to evaluate the benefit of the pan-Cdk inhibitor CR8 for treatment of liver fibrosis in vitro. CR8-treatment reduced proliferation and survival in immortalized HSC lines and in addition attenuated pro-fibrotic properties in primary murine HSCs. Importantly, primary murine hepatocytes were much more tolerant against the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of CR8. We identified CR8 dosages mediating anti-fibrotic effects in primary HSCs without affecting cell cycle activity and survival in primary hepatocytes. In conclusion, the pharmacological pan-Cdk inhibitor CR8 restricts the pro-fibrotic properties of HSCs, while preserving proliferation and viability of hepatocytes at least in vitro. Therefore, CR8 and related drugs might be beneficial for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hübbers
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Julia Hennings
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Daniela Lambertz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Ute Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
| | - Yulia A. Nevzorova
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roland Sonntag
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (J.H.); (D.L.); (U.H.); (C.T.); (Y.A.N.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (C.L.)
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5
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Rashid A, Duan X, Gao F, Yang M, Yen A. Roscovitine enhances All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced leukemia cell differentiation: Novel effects on signaling molecules for a putative Cdk2 inhibitor. Cell Signal 2020; 71:109555. [PMID: 32032659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-based differentiation therapy has been unsuccessful in treating t(15;17) negative acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, motivating interest in combination therapies using ATRA plus other agents. Using the t (15, 17) negative HL-60 human myeloblastic leukemia model, we find that the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, roscovitine, augments signaling by an ATRA-induced macromolecular signalsome that propels differentiation and enhances ATRA-induced differentiation. Roscovitine co-treatment enhanced ATRA-induced expression of pS259- pS289/296/301- pS621-c-Raf, pS217/221-Mek, Src Family Kinases (SFKs) Lyn and Fgr and SFK Y416 phosphorylation, adaptor proteins c-Cbl and SLP-76, Vav, and acetylated 14-3-3 in the signalsome. Roscovitine enhanced ATRA-induced c-Raf interaction with Lyn, Vav, and c-Cbl. Consistent with signalsome hyper-activation, roscovitine co-treatment enhanced ATRA-induced G1/0 arrest and expression of differentiation markers, CD11b, ROS and p47 Phox. Because roscovitine regulated Lyn expression, activation and partnering, a stably transfected Lyn knockdown was generated from wt-parental cells to investigate its function in ATRA-induced differentiation. Lyn-knockdown enhanced ATRA-induced up-regulation of key signalsome molecules, c-Raf, pS259-c-Raf, pS289/296/301-c-Raf, Vav1, SLP-76, and Fgr, but with essentially total loss of pY416-SFK. Compared to ATRA-treated wt-parental cells, differentiation markers p47 phox, CD11b, G1/G0 arrest and ROS production were enhanced in ATRA-treated Lyn-knockdown stable transfectants, and addition of roscovitine further enhanced these ATRA-inducible markers. The Lyn-knockdown cells expressed slightly higher c-Raf, pS259-c-Raf, pS289/296/301-c-Raf, and SLP-76 than wt-parental cells, and this was associated with enhanced ATRA-induced upregulation of Fgr and cell differentiation, consistent with heightened signaling, suggesting that enhanced Fgr may have compensated for loss of Lyn to enhance differentiation in the Lyn-knockdown cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xin Duan
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Videla-Richardson GA, Furmento VA, Garcia CP, Morris-Hanon O, Sevlever GE, Romorini L, Scassa ME. Human embryonic stem cells display a pronounced sensitivity to the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor Roscovitine. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:40. [PMID: 31462218 PMCID: PMC6712821 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-019-0222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The essentially unlimited expansion potential and the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) make them attractive for cell-based therapeutic purposes. Although hESCs can indefinitely proliferate in culture, unlike transformed cancer cells, they are endowed with a cell-intrinsic property termed mitochondrial priming that renders them highly sensitive to apoptotic stimuli. Thus, all attempts to broaden the insights into hESCs apoptosis may be helpful for establishing pro-survival strategies valuable for its in vitro culture and further use in clinical applications. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), a family of serine/threonine protein kinases originally identified as regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle, can also regulate transcription and differentiation. Moreover, there are compelling data suggesting that its activities are involved in certain apoptotic programs in different cell types. Currently, it is not completely determined whether CDKs regulate apoptotic processes in rapidly proliferating and apoptosis-prone hESCs. In this study, to elucidate the effect of CDKs inhibition in hESCs we used Roscovitine (ROSC), a purine analogue that selectively inhibits the activities of these kinases. Results Inhibition of CDKs by ROSC triggers programmed cell death in hESCs but not in proliferating somatic cells (human fibroblasts). The apoptotic process encompasses caspase-9 and -3 activation followed by PARP cleavage. ROSC treatment also leads to p53 stabilization, which coincides with site-specific phosphorylation at serine 46 and decreased levels of Mdm2. Additionally, we observed a transcriptional induction of p53AIP1, a repression of pro-survival factor Mcl-1 and an up-regulation of pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins NOXA and PUMA. Importantly, we found that the role of CDK2 inhibition appears to be at best accessory as an active CDK2 is not required to ensure hESCs survival. Conclusion Our experimental data reveal that hESCs, contrary to fibroblasts, exhibit a pronounced sensitivity to ROSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo A Videla-Richardson
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica A Furmento
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina P Garcia
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olivia Morris-Hanon
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo E Sevlever
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Romorini
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Scassa
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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7
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Coxon C, Anscombe E, Harnor SJ, Martin MP, Carbain B, Golding BT, Hardcastle IR, Harlow LK, Korolchuk S, Matheson CJ, Newell DR, Noble MEM, Sivaprakasam M, Tudhope SJ, Turner DM, Wang LZ, Wedge SR, Wong C, Griffin RJ, Endicott JA, Cano C. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationships and Insights into the CDK-2 Selectivity of 6-Substituted 2-Arylaminopurines. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1746-1767. [PMID: 28005359 PMCID: PMC6111440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purines and related heterocycles substituted at C-2 with 4'-sulfamoylanilino and at C-6 with a variety of groups have been synthesized with the aim of achieving selectivity of binding to CDK2 over CDK1. 6-Substituents that favor competitive inhibition at the ATP binding site of CDK2 were identified and typically exhibited 10-80-fold greater inhibition of CDK2 compared to CDK1. Most impressive was 4-((6-([1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl)amino) benzenesulfonamide (73) that exhibited high potency toward CDK2 (IC50 0.044 μM) but was ∼2000-fold less active toward CDK1 (IC50 86 μM). This compound is therefore a useful tool for studies of cell cycle regulation. Crystal structures of inhibitor-kinase complexes showed that the inhibitor stabilizes a glycine-rich loop conformation that shapes the ATP ribose binding pocket and that is preferred in CDK2 but has not been observed in CDK1. This aspect of the active site may be exploited for the design of inhibitors that distinguish between CDK1 and CDK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
R. Coxon
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Elizabeth Anscombe
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Suzannah J. Harnor
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Mathew P. Martin
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Benoit Carbain
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Bernard T. Golding
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Ian R. Hardcastle
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Lisa K. Harlow
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Svitlana Korolchuk
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Christopher J. Matheson
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - David R. Newell
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Martin E. M. Noble
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Mangaleswaran Sivaprakasam
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Susan J. Tudhope
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - David M. Turner
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Lan Z. Wang
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Stephen R. Wedge
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Medical School, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, U.K.
| | - Christopher Wong
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Roger J. Griffin
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Jane A. Endicott
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Céline Cano
- Newcastle
Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
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8
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Roscovitine Protects From Arterial Injury by Regulating the Expressions of c-Jun and p27 and Inhibiting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 69:161-169. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N -((1-benzyl-1 H -1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-1,3-diphenyl-1 H -pyrazole-4-carboxamides as CDK1/Cdc2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:164-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Shafer D, Grant S. Update on rational targeted therapy in AML. Blood Rev 2016; 30:275-83. [PMID: 26972558 PMCID: PMC4956515 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a challenge to both patients and clinicians. Despite improvements in our understanding of the disease, treatment has changed minimally and outcomes remain poor for the majority of patients. Within the last decade, there have been an increasing number of potential targets and pathways identified for development in AML. The classes of agents described in this review include but are not limited to epigenetic modifiers such as IDH inhibitors, BET inhibitors, and HDAC inhibitors as well as cell cycle and signaling inhibitors such as Aurora kinase inhibitors and CDK inhibitors. While the developments are encouraging, it is unlikely that targeting a single pathway will result in long-term disease control. Accordingly, we will also highlight potential rational partners for the novel agents described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Grant
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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11
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Premnath PN, Craig SN, Liu S, McInnes C. Benzamide capped peptidomimetics as non-ATP competitive inhibitors of CDK2 using the REPLACE strategy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3754-60. [PMID: 27297568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in complex with cyclin A in G1/S phase of the cell cycle has been shown to promote selective apoptosis of cancer cells through the E2F1 pathway. An alternative approach to catalytic inhibition is to target the substrate recruitment site also known as the cyclin binding groove (CBG) to generate selective non-ATP competitive inhibitors. The REPLACE strategy has been applied to identify fragment alternatives and substituted benzoic acid derivatives were evaluated as a promising scaffold to present appropriate functionality to mimic key peptide determinants. Fragment Ligated Inhibitory Peptides (FLIPs) are described which potently inhibit both CDK2/cyclin A and CDK4/cyclin D1 and have preliminary anti-tumor activity. A structural rationale for binding was obtained through molecular modeling further demonstrating their potential for further development as next generation non ATP competitive CDK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmavathy Nandha Premnath
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Sandra N Craig
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Shu Liu
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Campbell McInnes
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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12
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Jabbour-Leung NA, Chen X, Bui T, Jiang Y, Yang D, Vijayaraghavan S, McArthur MJ, Hunt KK, Keyomarsi K. Sequential Combination Therapy of CDK Inhibition and Doxorubicin Is Synthetically Lethal in p53-Mutant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:593-607. [PMID: 26826118 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy in which the tumors lack expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. Hence, TNBC patients cannot benefit from clinically available targeted therapies and rely on chemotherapy and surgery for treatment. While initially responding to chemotherapy, TNBC patients are at increased risk of developing distant metastasis and have decreased overall survival compared with non-TNBC patients. A majority of TNBC tumors carry p53 mutations, enabling them to bypass the G1 checkpoint and complete the cell cycle even in the presence of DNA damage. Therefore, we hypothesized that TNBC cells are sensitive to cell-cycle-targeted combination therapy, which leaves nontransformed cells unharmed. Our findings demonstrate that sequential administration of the pan-CDK inhibitor roscovitine before doxorubicin treatment is synthetically lethal explicitly in TNBC cells. Roscovitine treatment arrests TNBC cells in the G2-M cell-cycle phase, priming them for DNA damage. Combination treatment increased frequency of DNA double-strand breaks, while simultaneously reducing recruitment of homologous recombination proteins compared with doxorubicin treatment alone. Furthermore, this combination therapy significantly reduced tumor volume and increased overall survival compared with single drug or concomitant treatment in xenograft studies. Examination of isogenic immortalized human mammary epithelial cells and isogenic tumor cell lines found that abolishment of the p53 pathway is required for combination-induced cytotoxicity, making p53 a putative predictor of response to therapy. By exploiting the specific biologic and molecular characteristics of TNBC tumors, this innovative therapy can greatly impact the treatment and care of TNBC patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(4); 593-607. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Jabbour-Leung
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tuyen Bui
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Smruthi Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark J McArthur
- Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kelly K Hunt
- Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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13
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Palomino-Schätzlein M, Pineda-Lucena A. Metabolomic Applications to the Characterization of the Mode-of-Action of CDK Inhibitors. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1336:211-23. [PMID: 26231718 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2926-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate cell cycle progression, and some of them are also involved in the control of cellular transcription. Dysregulation of these critical cellular processes, due to the aberrant expression of some of these proteins, is common in many neoplastic malignancies. Consequently, the development of chemical compounds capable of inhibiting the biological activity of CDKs represents an attractive strategy in the anticancer area. CDK inhibition can trigger apoptosis and could be particularly useful in hematological malignancies, which are more sensitive to inhibition of cell cycle and apoptosis induction. Over the last few years, a number of pharmacological inhibitors of CDKs (CDKIs) belonging to different chemical families have been developed, and some of them have been tested in clinical trials. Given the complexity of the role of CDKs in cell functioning, it would be desirable to develop new tools that could facilitate a better understanding of the new insights into CDK functions and the mode-of-actions of CDKIs. In this context, this chapter describes an experimental approach to evaluate the metabolic consequences of CDKIs at the cellular level based on metabolomics by NMR. More specifically, a description of a strategy to characterize the biochemical effects of CDKIs acting on mammalian cells is provided, including protocols for the extraction of hydrophilic and lipophilic metabolites, the acquisition of 1D and 2D metabolomic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments, the identification and quantification of metabolites, and the annotation of the results in the context of biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Palomino-Schätzlein
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Advanced Therapies Program, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, Valencia, 46012, Spain
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Abstract
The pharmacological use of new therapeutics is often limited by a safe and effective drug-delivery system. In this sense, new chemical CDK inhibitors are not an exception. Nanotechnology may be able to solve some of the main problems limiting cancer treatments such as more specific delivery of therapeutics and reduction of toxic secondary effects. It provides new delivery systems able to specifically target cancer cells and release the active molecules in a controlled fashion. Specifically, silica mesoporous supports (SMPS) have emerged as an alternative for more classical drug delivery systems based on polymers. In this chapter, we describe the synthesis of a SMPS containing the CDK inhibitor roscovitine as cargo molecule and the protocols for confirmation of the proper cargo release of the nanoparticles in cell culture employing cell viability, cellular internalization, and cell death induction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alvira
- Centre Mediterranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe "Biology and pathology of melanocyte cells: from skin pigmentation to melanomas", Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), U1065, BP 2 3194, 06204, Nice, France
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15
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Wölwer CB, Pase LB, Pearson HB, Gödde NJ, Lackovic K, Huang DCS, Russell SM, Humbert PO. A Chemical Screening Approach to Identify Novel Key Mediators of Erythroid Enucleation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142655. [PMID: 26569102 PMCID: PMC4646491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroid enucleation is critical for terminal differentiation of red blood cells, and involves extrusion of the nucleus by orthochromatic erythroblasts to produce reticulocytes. Due to the difficulty of synchronizing erythroblasts, the molecular mechanisms underlying the enucleation process remain poorly understood. To elucidate the cellular program governing enucleation, we utilized a novel chemical screening approach whereby orthochromatic cells primed for enucleation were enriched ex vivo and subjected to a functional drug screen using a 324 compound library consisting of structurally diverse, medicinally active and cell permeable drugs. Using this approach, we have confirmed the role of HDACs, proteasomal regulators and MAPK in erythroid enucleation and introduce a new role for Cyclin-dependent kinases, in particular CDK9, in this process. Importantly, we demonstrate that when coupled with imaging analysis, this approach provides a powerful means to identify and characterize rate limiting steps involved in the erythroid enucleation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B. Wölwer
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke B. Pase
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathan J. Gödde
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kurt Lackovic
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David C. S. Huang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah M. Russell
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Immune Signaling Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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16
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Targeted Therapies in Adult B-Cell Malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:217593. [PMID: 26425544 PMCID: PMC4575712 DOI: 10.1155/2015/217593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
B-lymphocytes are programmed for the production of immunoglobulin (Ig) after antigen presentation, in the context of T-lymphocyte control within lymphoid organs. During this differentiation/activation process, B-lymphocytes exhibit different restricted or common surface markers, activation of cellular pathways that regulate cell cycle, metabolism, proteasome activity, and protein synthesis. All molecules involved in these different cellular mechanisms are potent therapeutic targets. Nowadays, due to the progress of the biology, more and more targeted drugs are identified, a situation that is correlated with an extended field of the targeted therapy. The full knowledge of the cellular machinery and cell-cell communication allows making the best choice to treat patients, in the context of personalized medicine. Also, focus should not be restricted to the immediate effects observed as clinical endpoints, that is, response rate, survival markers with conventional statistical methods, but it should consider the prediction of different clinical consequences due to other collateral drug targets, based on new methodologies. This means that new reflection and new bioclinical follow-up have to be monitored, particularly with the new drugs used with success in B-cell malignancies. This review discussed the principal aspects of such evident bioclinical progress.
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17
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Cicenas J, Kalyan K, Sorokinas A, Stankunas E, Levy J, Meskinyte I, Stankevicius V, Kaupinis A, Valius M. Roscovitine in cancer and other diseases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26207228 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Roscovitine [CY-202, (R)-Roscovitine, Seliciclib] is a small molecule that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) through direct competition at the ATP-binding site. It is a broad-range purine inhibitor, which inhibits CDK1, CDK2, CDK5 and CDK7, but is a poor inhibitor for CDK4 and CDK6. Roscovitine is widely used as a biological tool in cell cycle, cancer, apoptosis and neurobiology studies. Moreover, it is currently evaluated as a potential drug to treat cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, viral infections, polycystic kidney disease and glomerulonephritis. This review focuses on the use of roscovitine in the disease model as well as clinical model research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cicenas
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karthik Kalyan
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandras Sorokinas
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Stankunas
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Josh Levy
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Meskinyte
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Stankevicius
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- 1 CALIPHO Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland ; 2 MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland ; 3 Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 4 Systems Biomedicine Division and Department of Virology and Immunology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Mumbai, India ; 5 Department of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 6 RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA ; 7 Lithuanian Centre of Non-Formal Youth Education Vilnius, Lithuania ; 8 National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania ; 9 Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Troadec S, Blairvacq M, Oumata N, Galons H, Meijer L, Berthou C. Antitumoral effects of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors CR8 and MR4 on chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:57. [PMID: 26184865 PMCID: PMC4504225 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although Imatinib mesylate has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, some patients develop resistance with progression of leukemia. Alternative or additional targeting of signalling pathways deregulated in Bcr-Abl-driven chronic myeloid leukemia may provide a feasible option for improving clinical response and overcoming resistance. Results In this study, we investigate ability of CR8 isomers (R-CR8 and S-CR8) and MR4, three derivatives of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitor Roscovitine, to exert anti-leukemic activities against chronic myeloid leukemia in vitro and then, we decipher their mechanisms of action. We show that these CDKs inhibitors are potent inducers of growth arrest and apoptosis of both Imatinib-sensitive and –resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines. CR8 and MR4 induce dose-dependent apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway and further caspases 8/10 and 9 activation via down-regulation of short-lived survival and anti-apoptotic factors Mcl-1, XIAP and survivin which are strongly implicated in survival of Bcr-Abl transformed cells. Conclusions These results suggest that CDK inhibitors may constitute a complementary approach to treat chronic myeloid leukemia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-015-0163-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Troadec
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire et Immunobiologie du Cancer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CHRU Morvan, 5 avenue Foch, 29609, Brest Cedex, France. .,Current address: Institut Universitaire Technologique, Département de Génie Biologique, Brest, France.
| | - Mélina Blairvacq
- "Protein Phosphorylation and Human Diseases" Group, CNRS, USR3151, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France.
| | - Nassima Oumata
- ManRos Therapeutics, Hôtel de Recherche, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, France.
| | - Hervé Galons
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Université Paris Descartes UMR-S 1022 Inserm, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Meijer
- ManRos Therapeutics, Hôtel de Recherche, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, France.
| | - Christian Berthou
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire et Immunobiologie du Cancer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CHRU Morvan, 5 avenue Foch, 29609, Brest Cedex, France.
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite extensive preclinical research supporting the effectiveness of neuroprotective therapies for brain trauma, there have been no successful randomized controlled clinical trials to date. TBI results in delayed secondary tissue injury due to neurochemical, metabolic and cellular changes; modulating such effects has provided the basis for neuroprotective interventions. To establish more effective neuroprotective treatments for TBI it is essential to better understand the complex cellular and molecular events that contribute to secondary injury. Here we critically review relevant research related to causes and modulation of delayed tissue damage, with particular emphasis on cell death mechanisms and post-traumatic neuroinflammation. We discuss the concept of utilizing multipotential drugs that target multiple secondary injury pathways, rather than more specific "laser"-targeted strategies that have uniformly failed in clinical trials. Moreover, we assess data supporting use of neuroprotective drugs that are currently being evaluated in human clinical trials for TBI, as well as promising emerging experimental multipotential drug treatment strategies. Finally, we describe key challenges and provide suggestions to improve the likelihood of successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), National Study Center for Trauma and EMS, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan A Stoica
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), National Study Center for Trauma and EMS, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan I Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), National Study Center for Trauma and EMS, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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20
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New Herpes Simplex Virus Replication Targets. Antiviral Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555815493.ch20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor -CR8- in mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 14:50. [PMID: 24079553 PMCID: PMC3849647 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-14-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CR8 is a second generation inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases derived from roscovitine. CR8 was shown to be 50-100 fold more potent than roscovitine in inducing apoptosis in different tumor cell lines. In the present investigation, we have established an analytical method for the quantification of CR8 in biological samples and evaluated its bioavailability, biodistribution and pharmacokinetics in mice. METHODS A liquid chromatography method utilizing UV-detection was used for the determination of CR8. CR8 was administered either orally (100 mg/kg) or i.v. (50 mg/kg) and the animals were sacrificed at different time points. Blood samples and organs were collected, after which the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for plasma and organs. RESULTS CR8 was eluted at 5 minutes in the high performance liquid chromatography system used. The LLOQ detection was 0.10 μg/ml and linearity was observed within the 0.10-10 μg/ml range (r² > 0.998). The accuracy and precision were >86%, while the recovery from plasma was >95%. CR8 was stable for 2 months at room temperature in both solution and plasma. CR8 pharmacokinetics was fitted to a two-compartment open model after oral administration and to a one compartment model after i.v. injection. The elimination half-life was about 3 hours. Organ exposure to CR8 (expressed as % AUC organ vs. AUC plasma) was highest in liver (205%), adipose tissue (188%) and kidney (150%) and low in bone marrow (30%) and brain (15%) as compared to plasma. The oral bioavailability of CR8 was found to be essentially 100%. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a rapid and simple method for the analysis of CR8. CR8 pharmacokinetics pattern showed 100% bioavailability, long half-life and limited distribution to brain and bone marrow, which may allow systemic exposure higher than the IC₅₀ reported for cell death in tumor cell lines. CR8 displays favorable pharmacological properties and is therefore a good candidate for future clinical studies.
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Bose P, Simmons GL, Grant S. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor therapy for hematologic malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:723-38. [PMID: 23647051 PMCID: PMC4039040 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.789859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate cell cycle progression. Certain CDKs (e.g., CDK7, CDK9) also control cellular transcription. Consequently, CDKs represent attractive targets for anticancer drug development, as their aberrant expression is common in diverse malignancies, and CDK inhibition can trigger apoptosis. CDK inhibition may be particularly successful in hematologic malignancies, which are more sensitive to inhibition of cell cycling and apoptosis induction. AREAS COVERED A number of CDK inhibitors, ranging from pan-CDK inhibitors such as flavopiridol (alvocidib) to highly selective inhibitors of specific CDKs (e.g., CDK4/6), such as PD0332991, that are currently in various phases of development, are profiled in this review. Flavopiridol induces cell cycle arrest, and globally represses transcription via CDK9 inhibition. The latter may represent its major mechanism of action via down-regulation of multiple short-lived proteins. In early phase trials, flavopiridol has shown encouraging efficacy across a wide spectrum of hematologic malignancies. Early results with dinaciclib and PD0332991 also appear promising. EXPERT OPINION In general, the antitumor efficacy of CDK inhibitor monotherapy is modest, and rational combinations are being explored, including those involving other targeted agents. While selective CDK4/6 inhibition might be effective against certain malignancies, broad-spectrum CDK inhibition will likely be required for most cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithviraj Bose
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, 1101 E Marshall
St, Sanger Hall, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gary L Simmons
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, 1101 E Marshall
St, Sanger Hall, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Steven Grant
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, 1101 E Marshall
St, Sanger Hall, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Genomewide transcription profiles altered by BMI-1026 and Roscovitine and its implication in cellular senescence. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-012-6408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kumar A, Loane DJ. Neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury: opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:1191-201. [PMID: 22728326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, yet despite extensive efforts to develop neuroprotective therapies for this devastating disorder there have been no successful outcomes in human clinical trials to date. Following the primary mechanical insult TBI results in delayed secondary injury events due to neurochemical, metabolic and cellular changes that account for many of the neurological deficits observed after TBI. The development of secondary injury represents a window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention to prevent progressive tissue damage and loss of function after injury. To establish effective neuroprotective treatments for TBI it is essential to fully understand the complex cellular and molecular events that contribute to secondary injury. Neuroinflammation is well established as a key secondary injury mechanism after TBI, and it has been long considered to contribute to the damage sustained following brain injury. However, experimental and clinical research indicates that neuroinflammation after TBI can have both detrimental and beneficial effects, and these likely differ in the acute and delayed phases after injury. The key to developing future anti-inflammatory based neuroprotective treatments for TBI is to minimize the detrimental and neurotoxic effects of neuroinflammation while promoting the beneficial and neurotrophic effects, thereby creating optimal conditions for regeneration and repair after injury. This review outlines how post-traumatic neuroinflammation contributes to secondary injury after TBI, and discusses the complex and varied responses of the primary innate immune cells of the brain, microglia, to injury. In addition, emerging experimental anti-inflammatory and multipotential drug treatment strategies for TBI are discussed, as well as some of the challenges faced by the research community to translate promising neuroprotective drug treatments to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology & Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), National Study Center for Trauma and EMS, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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25
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Tell V, Holzer M, Herrmann L, Mahmoud KA, Schächtele C, Totzke F, Hilgeroth A. Multitargeted drug development: Discovery and profiling of dihydroxy substituted 1-aza-9-oxafluorenes as lead compounds targeting Alzheimer disease relevant kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6914-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Huard J, Mueller S, Gilles ED, Klingmüller U, Klamt S. An integrative model links multiple inputs and signaling pathways to the onset of DNA synthesis in hepatocytes. FEBS J 2012; 279:3290-313. [PMID: 22443451 PMCID: PMC3466406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During liver regeneration, quiescent hepatocytes re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate and compensate for lost tissue. Multiple signals including hepatocyte growth factor, epidermal growth factor, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, insulin and transforming growth factor β orchestrate these responses and are integrated during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. To investigate how these inputs influence DNA synthesis as a measure for proliferation, we established a large-scale integrated logical model connecting multiple signaling pathways and the cell cycle. We constructed our model based upon established literature knowledge, and successively improved and validated its structure using hepatocyte-specific literature as well as experimental DNA synthesis data. Model analyses showed that activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways was sufficient and necessary for triggering DNA synthesis. In addition, we identified key species in these pathways that mediate DNA replication. Our model predicted oncogenic mutations that were compared with the COSMIC database, and proposed intervention targets to block hepatocyte growth factor-induced DNA synthesis, which we validated experimentally. Our integrative approach demonstrates that, despite the complexity and size of the underlying interlaced network, logical modeling enables an integrative understanding of signaling-controlled proliferation at the cellular level, and thus can provide intervention strategies for distinct perturbation scenarios at various regulatory levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Huard
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
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Żołnierczyk JD, Komina O, Błoński JZ, Borowiak A, Cebula-Obrzut B, Smolewski P, Robak P, Kiliańska ZM, Węsierska-Gądek J. Can ex vivo evaluation (testing) predict the sensitivity of CLL cells to therapy with purine analogs in conjunction with an alkylating agent? A comparison of in vivo and ex vivo responses to treatment. Med Oncol 2011; 29:2111-26. [PMID: 22086735 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malfunctions in the regulation of apoptosis cause the accumulation of malignant, long-lived B CD19+/CD5+ cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The primary goal in CLL therapy is to overcome resistance to apoptosis and efficiently trigger programmed cell death in leukemic cells. This study demonstrated that the in vivo responses of malignant cells from CLL patients after administration of purine analogs (cladribine/fludarabine) with cyclophosphamide vary significantly. For comparative purposes, the sensitivity of leukemic cells obtained from the same CLL patients to conventional purine analogs and the selective CDK inhibitor R-roscovitine (ROSC) was determined, with and without the addition of an alkylating agent, prior to the onset of in vivo therapy. The kinetics and rate of spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis of CLL cells under ex vivo conditions differed significantly between patients, mirroring the variability observed during in vivo treatment. Interestingly, individual patients' leukemic cells were comparably sensitive to the drugs under both conditions. Of the drugs examined, ROSC exerted the highest therapeutic efficacy under ex vivo conditions. Our results indicate that ex vivo testing might be useful for identifying the most potent first-line therapeutic regimen for specific CLL patients and possibly for the design of therapies tailored for individual CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta D Żołnierczyk
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Łódz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódz, Poland
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Sharma A, Bhat MK. Enhancement of carboplatin- and quercetin-induced cell death by roscovitine is Akt dependent and p53 independent in hepatoma cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2011; 10:NP4-14. [PMID: 21994207 DOI: 10.1177/1534735411423922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy worldwide and has an annual occurrence of one million new cases. Novel therapeutic strategies of increased efficacy in the treatment of HCC-bearing patients would certainly be helpful. Hence, the authors explored the effect of combination treatment of roscovitine with chemotherapeutic drugs or quercetin (Qctn) in hepatoma cells, HepG2 and Hep3B. METHODS Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, cell growth assay, and nuclear morphological changes by DAPI staining. The altered expression of signaling proteins and apoptotic molecules was established by Western blotting. RESULTS Roscovitine pretreatment considerably enhanced the drugs and Qctn-induced cell death in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. The exploratory studies revealed that augmented cell killing in HepG2 and Hep3B was mediated via Akt pathway and was independent of p53. pAkt was found to be significantly downregulated in combination treatment of roscovitine with carboplatin or Qctn. Corresponding to reduced expression of pAkt, the downstream molecules Bcl-2 and proactive forms of caspase 9 and caspase 3 were also downregulated indicating apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The present study reports for the first time, in hepatoma cells, the potentiation of carboplatin- and Qctn-induced cell death by the cell cycle inhibitor roscovitine. Roscovitine can thus be considered as a potential therapeutic target in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs or Qctn for treatment of HCC.
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Wang F, Ma Z, Li Y, Zhu S, Xiao Z, Zhang H, Wang Y. Development of in silico models for pyrazoles and pyrimidine derivatives as cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2011; 30:67-81. [PMID: 21763166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Bioinformatics Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100,China
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30
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Cicenas J, Valius M. The CDK inhibitors in cancer research and therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1409-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Nair BC, Vallabhaneni S, Tekmal RR, Vadlamudi RK. Roscovitine confers tumor suppressive effect on therapy-resistant breast tumor cells. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R80. [PMID: 21834972 PMCID: PMC3218960 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current clinical strategies for treating hormonal breast cancer involve the use of anti-estrogens that block estrogen receptor (ER)α functions and aromatase inhibitors that decrease local and systemic estrogen production. Both of these strategies improve outcomes for ERα-positive breast cancer patients, however, development of therapy resistance remains a major clinical problem. Divergent molecular pathways have been described for this resistant phenotype and interestingly, the majority of downstream events in these resistance pathways converge upon the modulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins including aberrant activation of cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). In this study, we examined whether the CDK inhibitor roscovitine confers a tumor suppressive effect on therapy-resistant breast epithelial cells. Methods Using various in vitro and in vivo assays, we tested the effect of roscovitine on three hormonal therapy-resistant model cells: (a) MCF-7-TamR (acquired tamoxifen resistance model); (b) MCF-7-LTLTca (acquired letrozole resistance model); and (c) MCF-7-HER2 that exhibit tamoxifen resistance (ER-growth factor signaling cross talk model). Results Hormonal therapy-resistant cells exhibited aberrant activation of the CDK2 pathway. Roscovitine at a dose of 20 μM significantly inhibited the cell proliferation rate and foci formation potential of all three therapy-resistant cells. The drug treatment substantially increased the proportion of cells in G2/M cell cycle phase with decreased CDK2 activity and promoted low cyclin D1 levels. Interestingly, roscovitine also preferentially down regulated the ERα isoform and ER-coregulators including AIB1 and PELP1. Results from xenograft studies further showed that roscovitine can attenuate growth of therapy-resistant tumors in vivo. Conclusions Roscovitine can reduce cell proliferation and survival of hormone therapy-resistant breast cancer cells. Our results support the emerging concept that inhibition of CDK2 activity has the potential to abrogate growth of hormonal therapy-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoj C Nair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CTRC at UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
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Liu X, Shi S, Lam F, Pepper C, Fischer PM, Wang S. CDKI-71, a novel CDK9 inhibitor, is preferentially cytotoxic to cancer cells compared to flavopiridol. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:1216-26. [PMID: 21484792 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells appear to depend heavily on antiapoptotic proteins for survival and so targeted inhibition of these proteins has therapeutic potential. One innovative strategy is to inhibit the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) responsible for the regulation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). In our study, we investigated the detailed cellular mechanism of a novel small-molecule CDK inhibitor (CDKI-71) in cancer cell lines, primary leukemia cells, normal B - & T- cells, and embryonic lung fibroblasts and compared the cellular and molecular responses to the clinical CDK inhibitor, flavopiridol. Like flavopiridol, CDKI-71 displayed potent cytotoxicity and caspase-dependent apoptosis induction that were closely associated with the inhibition of RNAPII phosphorylation at serine-2. This was caused by effective targeting of cyclinT-CDK9 and resulted in the downstream inhibition of Mcl-1. No correlation between apoptosis and inhibition of cell-cycle CDKs 1 and 2 was observed. CDKI-71 showed a 10-fold increase in potency in tumor cell lines when compared to MRC-5 human fibroblast cells. Significantly, CDKI-71 also demonstrated potent anti-chronic lymphocytic leukemia activity with minimal toxicity in normal B- and T-cells. In contrast, flavopiridol showed little selectivity between cancer and normal cells. Here, we provide the first cell-based evidence that flavopiridol induces DNA double-strand breaks: a fact which may explain why flavopiridol has such a narrow therapeutic window in preclinical and clinical settings. Taken together, our data provide a rationale for the development of selective CDK inhibitors as therapeutic agents and CDKI-71 represents a promising lead in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Narayanan A, Kehn-Hall K, Bailey C, Kashanchi F. Analysis of the roles of HIV-derived microRNAs. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:17-29. [PMID: 21133815 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.540564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD HIV-1 is a retrovirus that has infected millions in recent decades. The level of life cycle complexity and host control exerted by this small virus with only nine proteins is astonishing. An interesting direction that has emerged in recent years is the role of small non-coding RNAs in viral gene expression. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We focus on HIV-1 produced microRNAs (miRNAs), namely, TAR, Nef and miR-H1, and their roles in HIV-1 biogenesis. The article provides insights into TAR miRNA-mediated downregulation of viral and host gene expression by recruitment of chromatin remodeling components (HDAC1). WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN We address the influence of TAR miRNA on host cell cycle progression and apoptosis, and the role of Nef miRNA in the regulation of viral and host gene expression. The review also highlights an intriguing connection between miR-H1 and HIV-1-associated neurological pathogenesis, and the influence of the miRNA machinery in the establishment of latency. In the Expert Opinion section, we analyze the issue of host-based therapeutics against HIV-1 and how transcription inhibitors are influenced by viral miRNA production. TAKE HOME MESSAGE HIV-derived miRNAs are of significance not only to understand host-virus interactions, but also for the design of effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Narayanan
- George Mason University, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
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Walker RG, Thomson G, Malone K, Nowicki MW, Brown E, Blake DG, Turner NJ, Walkinshaw MD, Grant KM, Mottram JC. High throughput screens yield small molecule inhibitors of Leishmania CRK3:CYC6 cyclin-dependent kinase. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1033. [PMID: 21483720 PMCID: PMC3071374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmania species are parasitic protozoa that have a tightly controlled cell cycle, regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Cdc2-related kinase 3 (CRK3), an essential CDK in Leishmania and functional orthologue of human CDK1, can form an active protein kinase complex with Leishmania cyclins CYCA and CYC6. Here we describe the identification and synthesis of specific small molecule inhibitors of bacterially expressed Leishmania CRK3:CYC6 using a high throughput screening assay and iterative chemistry. We also describe the biological activity of the molecules against Leishmania parasites. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to obtain an active Leishmania CRK3:CYC6 protein kinase complex, we developed a co-expression and co-purification system for Leishmania CRK3 and CYC6 proteins. This active enzyme was used in a high throughput screening (HTS) platform, utilising an IMAP fluorescence polarisation assay. We carried out two chemical library screens and identified specific inhibitors of CRK3:CYC6 that were inactive against the human cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2:CycA. Subsequently, the best inhibitors were tested against 11 other mammalian protein kinases. Twelve of the most potent hits had an azapurine core with structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis identifying the functional groups on the 2 and 9 positions as essential for CRK3:CYC6 inhibition and specificity against CDK2:CycA. Iterative chemistry allowed synthesis of a number of azapurine derivatives with one, compound 17, demonstrating anti-parasitic activity against both promastigote and amastigote forms of L. major. Following the second HTS, 11 compounds with a thiazole core (active towards CRK3:CYC6 and inactive against CDK2:CycA) were tested. Ten of these hits demonstrated anti-parasitic activity against promastigote L. major. Conclusions/Significance The pharmacophores identified from the high throughput screens, and the derivatives synthesised, selectively target the parasite enzyme and represent compounds for future hit-to-lead synthesis programs to develop therapeutics against Leishmania species. Challenges remain in identifying specific CDK inhibitors with both target selectivity and potency against the parasite. CRK3, a cdc2-related serine/threonine protein kinase of the CDK family, is essential for transition through the G2-M phase checkpoint of the Leishmania cell cycle. An expression and purification system has been developed to produce active L. major CRK3 in complex with a cyclin partner, CYC6. CRK3:CYC6 was used to develop an assay suitable for high throughput screening (HTS) using IMAP fluorescence polarization technology. Two compound chemical libraries were screened against CRK3:CYC6 and counter screened against a human cyclin-dependent kinase complex CDK2:CycA. Two main chemical families of inhibitors were identified that specifically inhibited the leishmanial cyclin-dependent kinase, the azapurines and the thiazoles. Structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis of the hits identified the chemical groups attached to the azapurine scaffold that are essential for the inhibition of CRK3:CYC6 protein kinase activity. The CRK3:CYC6 hits were subsequently tested against a panel of 11 mammalian kinases including human CDK1:CYCB, human CDK2:CYCA and human CDK4:CYCD1 to determine their selectivity. Compounds selective to CRK3:CYC6 were tested against Leishmania. Progress towards synthesising potent and selective derivatives of the HTS hits are discussed, with the view to evaluating their potential for the development of novel therapeutics against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick G. Walker
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kirk Malone
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew W. Nowicki
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Brown
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm D. Walkinshaw
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen M. Grant
- School of Health & Medicine, Division of Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy C. Mottram
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The trouble with CDK active-site inhibitors is their tendency to have off-target effects. This is not surprising, as the ATP binding sites of most protein kinases are very similar. Wang et al. (2010) have used some clever screening approaches to identify selective CDK9 inhibitors that drive cancer cells into apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Nowicki
- Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH93JR, Scotland, UK
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Wang S, Griffiths G, Midgley CA, Barnett AL, Cooper M, Grabarek J, Ingram L, Jackson W, Kontopidis G, McClue SJ, McInnes C, McLachlan J, Meades C, Mezna M, Stuart I, Thomas MP, Zheleva DI, Lane DP, Jackson RC, Glover DM, Blake DG, Fischer PM. Discovery and characterization of 2-anilino-4- (thiazol-5-yl)pyrimidine transcriptional CDK inhibitors as anticancer agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 17:1111-21. [PMID: 21035734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main difficulty in the development of ATP antagonist kinase inhibitors is target specificity, since the ATP-binding motif is present in many proteins. We introduce a strategy that has allowed us to identify compounds from a kinase inhibitor library that block the cyclin-dependent kinases responsible for regulating transcription, i.e., CDK7 and especially CDK9. The screening cascade employs cellular phenotypic assays based on mitotic index and nuclear p53 protein accumulation. This permitted us to classify compounds into transcriptional, cell cycle, and mitotic inhibitor groups. We describe the characterization of the transcriptional inhibitor class in terms of kinase inhibition profile, cellular mode of action, and selectivity for transformed cells. A structural selectivity rationale was used to optimize potency and biopharmaceutical properties and led to the development of a transcriptional inhibitor, 3,4-dimethyl-5-[2-(4-piperazin-1-yl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-3H-thiazol-2-one, with anticancer activity in animal models.
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Liu X, Lam F, Shi S, Fischer PM, Wang S. In vitro antitumor mechanism of a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKI-83. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:889-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Idowu MA. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases as Drug Targets for Cell Growth and Proliferation Disorders. A Role for Systems Biology Approach in Drug Development. Part I—Cyclin-Dependent Kinases as Drug Targets in Cancer. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2011. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2011.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Liu S, Bolger JK, Kirkland LO, Premnath PN, McInnes C. Structural and functional analysis of cyclin D1 reveals p27 and substrate inhibitor binding requirements. ACS Chem Biol 2010; 5:1169-82. [PMID: 20843055 DOI: 10.1021/cb1001262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An alternative strategy for inhibition of the cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) in antitumor drug discovery is afforded through the substrate recruitment site on the cyclin positive regulatory subunit. Critical CDK substrates such as the Rb and E2F families must undergo cyclin groove binding before phosphorylation, and hence inhibitors of this interaction also block substrate specific kinase activity. This approach offers the potential to generate highly selective and cell cycle specific CDK inhibitors and to reduce the inhibition of transcription mediated through CDK7 and 9, commonly observed with ATP competitive compounds. While highly potent peptide and small molecule inhibitors of CDK2/cyclin A, E substrate recruitment have been reported, little information has been generated on the determinants of inhibitor binding to the cyclin groove of the CDK4/cyclin D1 complex. CDK4/cyclin D is a validated anticancer drug target and continues to be widely pursued in the development of new therapeutics based on cell cycle blockade. We have therefore investigated the structural basis for peptide binding to its cyclin groove and have examined the features contributing to potency and selectivity of inhibitors. Peptidic inhibitors of CDK4/cyclin D of pRb phosphorylation have been synthesized, and their complexes with CDK4/cyclin D1 crystal structures have been generated. Based on available structural information, comparisons of the cyclin grooves of cyclin A2 and D1 are presented and provide insights into the determinants for peptide binding and the basis for differential binding and inhibition. In addition, a complex structure has been generated in order to model the interactions of the CDKI, p27(KIP)¹, with cyclin D1. This information has been used to shed light onto the endogenous inhibition of CDK4 and also to identify unique aspects of cyclin D1 that can be exploited in the design of cyclin groove based CDK inhibitors. Peptidic and nonpeptidic compounds have been synthesized in order to explore structure-activity relationship for binding to the cyclin D1 groove, which to date has not been carried out in a systematic fashion. Collectively, the data presented provide new insights into how compounds can be developed that function as chemical biology probes to determine the cellular and antitumor effects of CDK inhibition. Furthermore, such compounds will serve as templates for structure-guided efforts to develop potential therapeutics based on selective inhibition of CDK4/cyclin D activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Joshua K. Bolger
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Lindsay O. Kirkland
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Padmavathy N. Premnath
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Campbell McInnes
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Saghaie L, Shahlaei M, Madadkar-Sobhani A, Fassihi A. Application of partial least squares and radial basis function neural networks in multivariate imaging analysis-quantitative structure activity relationship: Study of cyclin dependent kinase 4 inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2010; 29:518-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Loane DJ, Faden AI. Neuroprotection for traumatic brain injury: translational challenges and emerging therapeutic strategies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2010; 31:596-604. [PMID: 21035878 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes secondary biochemical changes that contribute to subsequent tissue damage and associated neuronal cell death. Neuroprotective treatments that limit secondary tissue loss and/or improve behavioral outcome have been well established in multiple animal models of TBI. However, translation of such neuroprotective strategies to human injury have been disappointing, with the failure of more than thirty controlled clinical trials. Both conceptual issues and methodological differences between preclinical and clinical injury have undoubtedly contributed to these translational difficulties. More recently, changes in experimental approach, as well as altered clinical trial methodologies, have raised cautious optimism regarding the outcomes of future clinical trials. Here we critically review developing experimental neuroprotective strategies that show promise, and we propose criteria for improving the probability of successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), National Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Systems, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Power DP, Lozach O, Meijer L, Grayson DH, Connon SJ. Concise synthesis and CDK/GSK inhibitory activity of the missing 9-azapaullones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4940-4. [PMID: 20621478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A remarkably concise, chromatography-free route to the parent compound of the paullone family of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors is reported. A similar strategy allowed the synthesis of the hitherto missing 9-azapaullone and its protonated, N-oxidised and N-alkylated derivatives. Screening studies identified an active and strongly selective inhibitor of CDK9/cyclin T.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Power
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Choi SJ, Lee JE, Jeong SY, Im I, Lee SD, Lee EJ, Lee SK, Kwon SM, Ahn SG, Yoon JH, Han SY, Kim JI, Kim YC. 5,5'-substituted indirubin-3'-oxime derivatives as potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors with anticancer activity. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3696-706. [PMID: 20361800 DOI: 10.1021/jm100080z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the ability of indirubin derivatives to inhibit CDK2/cyclin E, a target of anticancer agents, we designed and synthesized a new series of indirubin-3'-oxime derivatives with combined substitutions at the 5 and 5' positions. A molecular docking study predicted the binding of derivatives with OH or halogen substitutions at the 5' position to the ATP binding site of CDK2, revealing the critical interactions that may explain the improved CDK2 inhibitory activity of these derivatives. Among the synthesized derivatives, the 5-nitro-5'-hydroxy analogue 3a and the 5-nitro-5'-fluoro analogue 5a displayed potent inhibitory activity against CDK2, with IC(50) values of 1.9 and 1.7 nM, respectively. These derivatives also showed antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines, with IC(50) values of 0.2-3.3 microM. A representative analogue, 3a, showed greater than 500-fold selectivity for CDK relative to selected kinase panel and potent in vivo anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeong Choi
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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McIntyre NA, McInnes C, Griffiths G, Barnett AL, Kontopidis G, Slawin AMZ, Jackson W, Thomas M, Zheleva DI, Wang S, Blake DG, Westwood NJ, Fischer PM. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 2-methyl- and 2-amino-N-aryl-4,5-dihydrothiazolo[4,5-h]quinazolin-8-amines as ring-constrained 2-anilino-4-(thiazol-5-yl)pyrimidine cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2136-45. [PMID: 20146435 DOI: 10.1021/jm901660c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Following the recent discovery and development of 2-anilino-4-(thiazol-5-yl)pyrimidine cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, a program was initiated to evaluate related ring-constrained analogues, specifically, 2-methyl- and 2-amino-N-aryl-4,5-dihydrothiazolo[4,5-h]quinazolin-8-amines for inhibition of CDKs. Here we report the rational design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and cellular mode-of-action profile of these second generation CDK inhibitors. Many of the analogues from this chemical series inhibit CDKs with very low nanomolar K(i) values. The most potent compound reported in this study inhibits CDK2 with an IC(50) of 0.7 nM ([ATP] = 100 microM). Furthermore, an X-ray crystal structure of 2-methyl-N-(3-(nitro)phenyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazolo[4,5-h]quinazolin-8-amine (11g), a representative from the chemical series in complex with cyclin A-CDK2, is reported, confirming the design rationale and expected binding mode within the CDK2 ATP binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A McIntyre
- School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
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Trávníček Z, Popa I, Čajan M, Zbořil R, Kryštof V, Mikulík J. The first iron(III) complexes with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: Magnetic, spectroscopic (IR, ES+ MS, NMR, 57Fe Mössbauer), theoretical, and biological activity studies. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:405-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Guendel I, Agbottah ET, Kehn-Hall K, Kashanchi F. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 by cdk inhibitors. AIDS Res Ther 2010; 7:7. [PMID: 20334651 PMCID: PMC2852372 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-7-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection relies primarily on the administration of anti-retroviral nucleoside analogues, either alone or in combination with HIV-protease inhibitors. Although these drugs have a clinical benefit, continuous therapy with the drugs leads to drug-resistant strains of the virus. Recently, significant progress has been made towards the development of natural and synthetic agents that can directly inhibit HIV-1 replication or its essential enzymes. We previously reported on the pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (PCI) r-roscovitine as a potential inhibitor of HIV-1 replication. PCIs are among the most promising novel antiviral agents to emerge over the past few years. Potent activity on viral replication combined with proliferation inhibition without the emergence of resistant viruses, which are normally observed in HAART patients; make PCIs ideal candidates for HIV-1 inhibition. To this end we evaluated twenty four cdk inhibitors for their effect on HIV-1 replication in vitro. Screening of these compounds identified alsterpaullone as the most potent inhibitor of HIV-1 with activity at 150 nM. We found that alsterpaullone effectively inhibits cdk2 activity in HIV-1 infected cells with a low IC50 compared to control uninfected cells. The effects of alsterpaullone were associated with suppression of cdk2 and cyclin expression. Combining both alsterpaullone and r-roscovitine (cyc202) in treatment exhibited even stronger inhibitory activities in HIV-1 infected PBMCs.
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that polyploidization triggers chromosomal instability and contributes to tumorigenesis. DNA damage is increasingly being recognized for its roles in promoting polyploidization. Although elegant mechanisms known as the DNA damage checkpoints are responsible for halting the cell cycle after DNA damage, agents that uncouple the checkpoints can induce unscheduled entry into mitosis. Likewise, defects of the checkpoints in several disorders permit mitotic entry even in the presence of DNA damage. Forcing cells with damaged DNA into mitosis causes severe chromosome segregation defects, including lagging chromosomes, chromosomal fragments and chromosomal bridges. The presence of these lesions in the cleavage plane is believed to abort cytokinesis. It is postulated that if cytokinesis failure is coupled with defects of the p53-dependent postmitotic checkpoint pathway, cells can enter S phase and become polyploids. Progress in the past several years has unraveled some of the underlying principles of these pathways and underscored the important role of DNA damage in polyploidization. Furthermore, polyploidization per se may also be an important determinant of sensitivity to DNA damage, thereby may offer an opportunity for novel therapies.
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Rogalińska M, Błoński JZ, Komina O, Góralski P, Żołnierczyk JD, Piekarski H, Robak T, Kiliańska ZM, Węsierska-Gądek J. R-roscovitine (Seliciclib) affects CLL cells more strongly than combinations of fludarabine or cladribine with cyclophosphamide: Inhibition of CDK7 sensitizes leukemic cells to caspase-dependent apoptosis. J Cell Biochem 2009; 109:217-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cragg GM, Grothaus PG, Newman DJ. Impact of natural products on developing new anti-cancer agents. Chem Rev 2009; 109:3012-43. [PMID: 19422222 DOI: 10.1021/cr900019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 887] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon M Cragg
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI-Frederick, Fairview Center, Suite 206, P.O. Box B, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, USA
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Paprskárová M, Krystof V, Jorda R, Dzubák P, Hajdúch M, Wesierska-Gadek J, Strnad M. Functional p53 in cells contributes to the anticancer effect of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor roscovitine. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:428-37. [PMID: 19308936 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) undergoing clinical trials as anticancer agents usually target several CDKs in cells. Some of them are also able to increase cellular levels of p53 protein and to activate p53-regulated transcription. To define the role of p53 in the anticancer effect of selective CDK inhibitors, two related compounds roscovitine and olomoucine II were studied. Roscovitine differs functionally from its congener olomoucine II only in the selectivity towards transcriptional CDK9. Action of both compounds on proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and apoptosis was examined in RPMI-8226 cells expressing the temperature-sensitive mutant of p53 and in MCF-7 cells with wild-type p53. Both compounds blocked proliferation, decreased phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II, downregulated antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, and also activated p53 in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, we showed that the anticancer efficiency of CDK inhibitors was enhanced by active p53 in RPMI-8226 cells kept at permissive temperature, where downregulation of Mcl-1, fragmentation of PARP-1, and increased caspase-3 activity was detected with lower doses of the compounds. The results confirm that functional p53 protein may enhance the anticancer activity of roscovitine that could be beneficial for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Paprskárová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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