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Villegas C, González-Chavarría I, Burgos V, Iturra-Beiza H, Ulrich H, Paz C. Epothilones as Natural Compounds for Novel Anticancer Drugs Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076063. [PMID: 37047035 PMCID: PMC10093981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epothilone is a natural 16-membered macrolide cytotoxic compound produced by the metabolism of the cellulose-degrading myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. This review summarizes results in the study of epothilones against cancer with preclinical results and clinical studies from 2010-2022. Epothilone have mechanisms of action similar to paclitaxel by inducing tubulin polymerization and apoptosis with low susceptibility to tumor resistance mechanisms. It is active against refractory tumors, being superior to paclitaxel in many respects. Since the discovery of epothilones, several derivatives have been synthesized, and most of them have failed in Phases II and III in clinical trials; however, ixabepilone and utidelone are currently used in clinical practice. There is robust evidence that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment improves using ixabepilone plus capecitabine or utidelone in combination with capecitabine. In recent years innovative synthetic strategies resulted in the synthesis of new epothilone derivatives with improved activity against refractory tumors with better activities when compared to ixabepilone or taxol. These compounds together with specific delivery mechanisms could be developed in anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Villegas
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Iván González-Chavarría
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4800000, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Héctor Iturra-Beiza
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4800000, Chile
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Patel M, Riede J, Bednarczyk D, Poller B, Deshmukh SV. Simplifying the Extended Clearance Concept Classification System (EC3S) to Guide Clearance Prediction in Drug Discovery. Pharm Res 2023; 40:937-949. [PMID: 36859748 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Extended Clearance Concept Classification System was established as a development-stage tool to provide a framework for identifying fundamental mechanism(s) governing drug disposition in humans. In the present study, the applicability of the EC3S in drug discovery has been investigated. In its current format, the EC3S relies on low-throughput hepatocyte uptake data, which are not frequently generated in a discovery setting. METHODS A relationship between hepatocyte uptake clearance and MDCK permeability was first established along with intrinsic clearance from human liver microsomes. The performance of this approach was examined by categorizing 64 drugs into EC3S classes and comparing the predicted major elimination pathway(s) to that observed in humans. As an extension of the work, the ability of the simplified EC3S to predict human systemic clearance based on intrinsic clearance generated using in-vitro metabolic systems was evaluated. RESULTS The assessment enabled the use of MDCK permeability and unscaled unbound intrinsic clearance to generate cut-off criteria to categorize compounds into four EC3S classes: Class 12ab, 2cd, 34ab, and 34cd, with major elimination mechanism(s) assigned to each class. The predictivity analysis suggested that systemic clearance could generally be predicted within threefold for EC3S class 12ab and 34ab compounds. For classes 2cd and 34cd, systemic clearance was poorly predicted using in-vitro systems explored in this study. CONCLUSION Collectively, our simplified classification approach is expected to facilitate the identification of mechanism(s) involved in drug elimination, faster resolution of in-vitro to in-vivo disconnects, and better design of mechanistic pharmacokinetic studies in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Patel
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., 250 Massachusetts Avenue 2A/242, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Julia Riede
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dallas Bednarczyk
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., 250 Massachusetts Avenue 2A/242, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Birk Poller
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sujal V Deshmukh
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., 250 Massachusetts Avenue 2A/242, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Rogalska A, Marczak A. Therapeutic potential of patupilone in epithelial ovarian cancer and future directions. Life Sci 2018; 205:38-44. [PMID: 29727613 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide with extremely poor patient prognosis. Elucidation of the detailed mechanisms of action of drugs targeting this cancer type is necessary to optimize treatment efficacy. Epothilones, a new class of microtubule-stabilizing anticancer drugs, show strong cytotoxic properties in vitro and in vivo and are additionally effective in taxane-resistant cells. In this report, we focus on inhibitors of microtubule depolymerization, taxanes, and the novel antimicrotubule agents, epothilones. Current knowledge regarding the effects of epothilone B on ovarian tumor cell metabolism is reviewed, along with recent advances in therapeutic strategies, such as novel agents and biologic drug combinations containing epothilone that target aberrant pathways in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Shin DH, Kwon GS. Epothilone B-based 3-in-1 polymeric micelle for anticancer drug therapy. Int J Pharm 2017; 518:307-311. [PMID: 28062368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Epothilones are microtubule inhibitors that are promising alternatives to paclitaxel due to enhanced anticancer efficacy. While epothilones are slightly more water soluble than paclitaxel and more active against paclitaxel-resistant cells, they still require formulation with Cremophor EL and/or cosolvents and drug resistance still limits therapeutic efficacy. In this report, we showed that the combinational treatment of epothilone B (EpoB), 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG, Hsp90 inhibitor), and rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) displays strong anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. To address the poor water solubility of this 3 drug-combination, they were co-loaded into poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PEG-b-PLA) micelles, and the 3-in-1 loaded PEG-b-PLA micelle (m-EAR) was characterized in terms of drug loading efficiency, particle size, release kinetics. The m-EAR achieved high levels of all three drugs in water; formed micelles with hydrodynamic diameters at ca. 30nm and released the drugs in a sustained manner in vitro at rates slower than individually loaded PEG-b-PLA micelles. In A549-derived xenograft mice, m-EAR (2.0, 15.0, and 7.5mg/kg) caused tumor regression after four weekly injections, whereas EpoB alone (2.0mg/kg) was the same as control. No severe changes in body weight relative to PBS control were observed, attesting to the safety of m-EAR. Collectively, these results suggest that m-EAR provides a simple, but effective and safe EpoB-based combination nanomedicine for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hwan Shin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Glen S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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Vacchelli E, Senovilla L, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Galon J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Chemotherapy with immunogenic cell death inducers. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23510. [PMID: 23687621 PMCID: PMC3655739 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now clear that the immune system plays a critical role not only during oncogenesis and tumor progression, but also as established neoplastic lesions respond to therapy. Selected cytotoxic chemicals can indeed elicit immunogenic cell death, a functionally peculiar type of apoptosis that stimulates tumor-specific cognate immune responses. Such immunogenic chemotherapeutics include cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and oxaliplatin (which are approved by FDA for the treatment of various hematological and solid malignancies), mitoxantrone (which is currently employed both as an anticancer agent and against multiple sclerosis) and patupilone (a microtubular poison in clinical development). One year ago, in the second issue of OncoImmunology, we discussed the scientific rationale behind immunogenic chemotherapy and reviewed the status of recent clinical trials investigating the off-label use of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, oxaliplatin and mitoxantrone in cancer patients. Here, we summarize the latest developments in this area of clinical research, covering both high-impact studies that have been published during the last 13 months and clinical trials that have been initiated in the same period to assess the antineoplastic profile of immunogenic chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
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Abstract
Epothilones A and B are naturally occurring microtubule stabilizers with nanomolar or even sub-nanomolar activity against human cancer cells in vitro and potent in vivo antitumor activity against multidrug-resistant tumors. Over the last decade, ten epothilonetype agents have entered clinical trials in humans; of these, the epothilone B lactam ixabepilone (BMS-247550; Ixempra®) was approved by the FDA for breast cancer treatment in 2007. Numerous synthetic and semisynthetic analogs of epothilones have been prepared and their in vitro and (in selected cases) in vivo biological activity has been determined, producing a wealth of SAR information on this compound family. This chapter will provide a brief summary of the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of epothilone B (Epo B). The major part of the discussion will then be organized around those epothilone analogs that have entered clinical development. For each analog the underlying synthetic chemistry and the most important preclinical features will be reviewed, together with the properties of some important related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schiess
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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Black JD, English DP, Roque DM, Santin AD. Targeted therapy in uterine serous carcinoma: an aggressive variant of endometrial cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 10:45-57. [PMID: 24328598 DOI: 10.2217/whe.13.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a highly aggressive variant of endometrial cancer. Although it only represents less than 10% of all cases, it accounts for a disproportionate number of deaths from endometrial cancer. Comprehensive surgical staging followed by carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy represents the mainstay of USC therapy. Vaginal cuff brachytherapy is also of potential benefit in USC. Recent whole-exome sequencing studies have demonstrated gain of function of the HER2/NEU gene, as well as driver mutations in the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR and cyclin E/FBXW7 oncogenic pathways in a large number of USCs. These results emphasize the relevance of these novel therapeutic targets for biologic therapy of chemotherapy-resistant recurrent USC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Black
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Room 305 Laboratory for Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynecology, 333 Cedar Street; PO Box 208063, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA
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Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Eggermont A, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Cremer I, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Chemotherapy with immunogenic cell death inducers. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e27878. [PMID: 24800173 PMCID: PMC4008470 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the clinical efficacy of selected anticancer drugs, including conventional chemotherapeutics as well as targeted anticancer agents, originates (at least in part) from their ability to elicit a novel or reinstate a pre-existing tumor-specific immune response. One of the mechanisms whereby chemotherapy can stimulate the immune system to recognize and destroy malignant cells is commonly known as immunogenic cell death (ICD). Cancer cells succumbing to ICD are de facto converted into an anticancer vaccine and as such elicit an adaptive immune response. Several common chemotherapeutics share the ability of triggering ICD, as demonstrated in vaccination experiments relying on immunocompetent mice and syngeneic cancer cells. A large number of ongoing clinical trials involve such ICD inducers, often (but not always) as they are part of the gold standard therapeutic approach against specific neoplasms. In this Trial Watch, we summarize the latest advances on the use of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and mitoxantrone in cancer patients, discussing high-impact studies that have been published during the last 13 months as well as clinical trials that have been initiated in the same period to assess the antineoplastic profile of these immunogenic drugs as off-label therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | | | - Jérôme Galon
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, UMRS1138; Paris, France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
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Peereboom DM, Murphy C, Ahluwalia MS, Conlin A, Eichler A, Van Poznak C, Baar J, Elson P, Seidman AD. Phase II trial of patupilone in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:579-83. [PMID: 24470546 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with progressive breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) after whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), few options exist. Patupilone is an epothilone that crosses the blood-brain barrier. We hypothesized that patupilone would produce a 35% 3-month CNS progression-free survival in women with BCBM after WBRT. METHODS This multicenter phase II trial included 2 cohorts. Group A included women with progressive BCBM after WBRT. Group B was an exploratory cohort of patients with either leptomeningeal metastases or untreated brain metastases. The primary goal was to observe a 35% 3-month CNS progression-free survival in Group A. The sample size was 45 for Group A and 10 for Group B. Patients received patupilone 10 mg/m(2) once every 3 weeks until progression. Responses were scored according to the Macdonald criteria. RESULTS Fifty-five patients (45 in Group A, 10 in Group B) enrolled. In Group A, the 3-month CNS progression-free survival was 27%, the median overall survival was 12.7 months, and the overall response rate was 9%. In Group B, which enrolled 5 patients with leptomeningeal disease and 5 with no prior WBRT, no responses occurred and 8 patients had CNS progression before 3 months. Systemic responses occurred in 15% of patients, including a complete response in liver metastases. Diarrhea occurred in 87% of patients; 25% had grade 3 and 4 adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Patupilone in patients with BCBM did not meet the efficacy criteria and had significant gastrointestinal toxicity. Further study of brain-penetrant agents is warranted for patients with CNS metastases from breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Peereboom
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (D.M.P., M.S.A.); The Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and NeuroOncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic (D.M.P., M.S.A.); Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic (D.M.P., M.S.A., P.E.); Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio(P.E.); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York(C.M., A.C., A.D.S.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts(A.E.); Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan(C.V.P.); Seidman Cancer Center of University Hospitals, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio(J.B.)
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English DP, Roque DM, Santin AD. Class III b-tubulin overexpression in gynecologic tumors: implications for the choice of microtubule targeted agents? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 13:63-74. [DOI: 10.1586/era.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Moorcraft SY, Chau I, Peckitt C, Cunningham D, Rao S, Yim KL, Walther A, Jackson CGCA, Stamp G, Webb J, Smith G, Gillbanks A, Swanton C. Patupilone in patients with pretreated metastatic/locally recurrent colorectal cancer: results of the Phase II CINATRA trial. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:1339-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-9990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rogalska A, Szula E, Gajek A, Marczak A, Jóźwiak Z. Activation of apoptotic pathway in normal, cancer ovarian cells by epothilone B. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:600-610. [PMID: 23838010 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The epothilones, a new class of microtubule-targeting agents, seem to be a very promising alternative to the current strategy of cancer treatment. We have analyzed the aspects of epothilone B (Epo B) on cellular metabolism of tumor (OV-90) and normal (MM 14) ovarian cells. The observed effects were compared with those of paclitaxel (PTX), which is now a standard for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The results provide direct evidence that Epo B is considerably more cytotoxic to human OV-90 ovarian cancer cells than PTX. We have found, that antitumor efficacy of this new drug is related to its apoptosis-inducing ability, which was confirmed during measurements typical markers of the process. Epo B induced changes in morphology of cells, mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release. Also a slight increase of the intracellular calcium level was observed. Moreover, we have found that ROS production, stimulated by Epo B, is directly involved in the induction of apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Szula
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia Jóźwiak
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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13
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Roque DM, Bellone S, Buza N, Romani C, Cocco E, Bignotti E, Ravaggi A, Rutherford TJ, Schwartz PE, Pecorelli S, Santin AD. Class III β-tubulin overexpression in ovarian clear cell and serous carcinoma as a maker for poor overall survival after platinum/taxane chemotherapy and sensitivity to patupilone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 209:62.e1-9. [PMID: 23583215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary is a distinct subtype of epithelial cancer associated with chemoresistance and poor outcome compared with serous papillary carcinomas. Resistance to paclitaxel has been linked to serous papillary overexpression of class III β-tubulin in several human cancers but inadequately characterized among clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Chemoresistance has also been variably linked to the drug efflux pump p-glycoprotein. Epothilones are microtubule-stabilizing agents with putative activity in paclitaxel-resistant malignancies. In this study, we clarify the relationship between class III β-tubulin and p-glycoprotein expression in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary, clinical outcome, and in vitro responsiveness to patupilone and paclitaxel. STUDY DESIGN Class III β-tubulin and p-glycoprotein were quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction in 61 fresh-frozen tissue samples and 11 cell lines. Expression by polymerase chain reaction was correlated with immunohistochemistry and overall survival. IC50 was determined using viability/metabolic assays. Impact of class III β-tubulin down-regulation on IC50 was assessed with small interfering RNAs. RESULTS Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary overexpressed class III β-tubulin and p-glycoprotein relative to serous papillary carcinomas carcinomas in fresh-frozen tissues and cell lines. Class III β-tubulin immunohistochemistry reflected real time polymerase chain reaction results and overexpression stratified patients by overall survival. P-glycoprotein correlated with in vitro paclitaxel resistance, but not clinical outcome. Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary were exquisitely sensitive to patupilone in a manner that correlated with class III β-tubulin expression. CONCLUSION Class III β-tubulin overexpression in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary discriminates poor prognosis, serves as a marker for sensitivity to patupilone, and may contribute to paclitaxel resistance. Immunohistochemistry reliably identifies tumors with overexpression of class III β-tubulin, and accordingly a subset of individuals likely to respond to patupilone.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/drug therapy
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/mortality
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Epothilones/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Microtubules/drug effects
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Prognosis
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Taxoids/pharmacology
- Tubulin/metabolism
- Tubulin Modulators/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Roque
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Meier V, Geigy C, Grosse N, McSheehy P, Rohrer Bley C. Use of epothilone B (patupilone) in refractory lymphoma and advanced solid tumors in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2012. [PMID: 23205945 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epothilones are microtubule-stabilizing agents with promising antitumor effect in refractory and metastatic tumors in humans. The toxicity profile is considered more favorable than in taxanes. The safety of epothilone B (patupilone) has not been evaluated in tumor-bearing dogs. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the inhibition of proliferation in canine tumor cells after patupilone treatment. To assess toxicity profile and maximally tolerated dose of patupilone in dogs with refractory tumors. ANIMALS Twenty client-owned dogs with various malignancies. METHODS Prospective clinical study. The inhibition of proliferation was assessed with a proliferation assay in vitro in canine hemangiosarcoma and lymphoma cell lines. Dogs received patupilone IV once a week for 2 treatments (= 1 treatment cycle). Dose was escalated with 3 dogs per cohort and 20% increments. Adverse effects were graded according to the VCOG-CTCAE v1.0. RESULTS Both canine cell lines were sensitive to patupilone with approximately 50% decrease in proliferative activity at 0.2-1 nM. In vivo, dose-limiting adverse effects occurred at 3.3 mg/m(2); main adverse effects were diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting, and nausea. Neither neutropenia nor peripheral neuropathy was observed. Maximally tolerated dose for 2 patupilone administrations once weekly IV is 2.76 mg/m(2). Three per 11 dogs receiving more than 1 treatment cycle showed partial remission in the short period of observation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Canine tumor cells show inhibition of proliferation to patupilone in vitro. Clinically, a dose of 2.76 mg/m(2) IV is well tolerated in dogs with spontaneously occurring tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Meier
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Fitzgerald DP, Emerson DL, Qian Y, Anwar T, Liewehr DJ, Steinberg SM, Silberman S, Palmieri D, Steeg PS. TPI-287, a new taxane family member, reduces the brain metastatic colonization of breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1959-67. [PMID: 22622283 PMCID: PMC7489285 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases of breast and other cancers remain resistant to chemotherapeutic regimens that are effective systemically, in part due to the blood-brain barrier. We report that TPI-287, a new microtubule-stabilizing agent, displays in vitro cytotoxic activity similar to taxanes and epothilones. Unlike the taxanes, TPI-287 is permeable through the blood-brain barrier. Brain-to-plasma ratios of TPI-287 after a single injection typically exceeded one and were as high as 63.8 in the rat and 14.1 in the mouse. A brain-tropic derivative of the MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cell line, 231-BR, was used to test whether TPI-287 may be efficacious at preventing or treating brain metastases. TPI-287 had growth inhibitory effects comparable with paclitaxel when 231-BR tumor cells were injected into the mammary fat pad. Brain metastatic colonization was determined by intracardiac injection of 231-BR cells, with treatment beginning on day 3 to 4 postinjection, culminating in a histologic count of brain metastases in brains necropsied days 25 to 28 postinjection. In this assay, paclitaxel, ixabepilone, and nab paclitaxel did not have significant inhibitory activity. TPI-287 was ineffective in the same assay using a 6 mg/kg every week schedule; however an 18 mg/kg dose delivered on days 3, 7, and 11 significantly reduced the outgrowth of brain metastases (55% reduction, P = 0.028) and reduced proliferation in brain metastases (16% reduction, P = 0.008). When TPI-287 treatment was delayed until days 18, 22, and 26 postinjection, efficacy was reduced (17% reduction, not significant). These data suggest that TPI-287 may have efficacy when administered early in the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Fitzgerald
- Women's Cancers Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Yongzhen Qian
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Science Applications International Corporation, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Talha Anwar
- Women's Cancers Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David J. Liewehr
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seth M. Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Diane Palmieri
- Women's Cancers Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia S. Steeg
- Women's Cancers Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Baumgart T, Kriesen S, Hildebrandt G, Manda K. Effect of epothilone B on cell cycle, metabolic activity, and apoptosis induction on human epithelial cancer cells-under special attention of combined treatment with ionizing radiation. Cancer Invest 2012; 30:593-603. [PMID: 22909073 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.716469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent studies, epothilone B was shown to have a cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effect on cells. The aim of our investigation was to explain this impact by examining the mode of action of epothilone B on FaDu and A549 tumor cells. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle distribution and for the evaluation of apoptosis. Metabolic activity was studied by proliferation assay. Influence on nuclei morphology was investigated by DNA-staining. We showed that epothilone B-induced G2/M accumulation is the main rationale for drug-induced radiosensitivity. The cytotoxic effect resulted in apoptotic cell death, decreased metabolic activity, and formation of multinucleated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonja Baumgart
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Entwistle RA, Rizk RS, Cheng DM, Lushington GH, Himes RH, Gupta ML. Differentiating between models of epothilone binding to microtubules using tubulin mutagenesis, cytotoxicity, and molecular modeling. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1580-6. [PMID: 22807375 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule stabilizers are powerful antimitotic compounds and represent a proven cancer treatment strategy. Several classes of compounds in clinical use or trials, such as the taxanes and epothilones, bind to the same region of β-tubulin. Determining how these molecules interact with tubulin and stabilize microtubules is important both for understanding the mechanism of action and enhancing chemotherapeutic potential, for example, minimizing side effects, increasing solubility, and overcoming resistance. Structural studies using non-polymerized tubulin or stabilized polymers have produced different models of epothilone binding. In this study we used directed mutagenesis of the binding site on Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-tubulin to analyze interactions between epothilone B and its biologically relevant substrate, dynamic microtubules. Five engineered amino acid changes contributed to a 125-fold increase in epothilone B cytotoxicity independent of inherent microtubule stability. The mutagenesis of endogenous β-tubulin was done in otherwise isogenic strains. This facilitated the correlation of amino acid substitutions with altered cytotoxicity using molecular mechanics simulations. The results, which are based on the interaction between epothilone B and dynamic microtubules, most strongly support the binding mode determined by NMR spectroscopy-based studies. This work establishes a system for discriminating between potential binding modes and among various compounds and/or analogues using a sensitive biological activity-based readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Entwistle
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
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Oehler C, Frei K, Rushing EJ, McSheehy PM, Weber D, Allegrini PR, Weniger D, Lütolf UM, Knuth A, Yonekawa Y, Barath K, Broggini-Tenzer A, Pruschy M, Hofer S. Patupilone (Epothilone B) for Recurrent Glioblastoma: Clinical Outcome and Translational Analysis of a Single-Institution Phase I/II Trial. Oncology 2012; 83:1-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000339152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Pagano A, Honoré S, Mohan R, Berges R, Akhmanova A, Braguer D. Epothilone B inhibits migration of glioblastoma cells by inducing microtubule catastrophes and affecting EB1 accumulation at microtubule plus ends. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:432-43. [PMID: 22634050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Invasion of normal brain tissue by tumor cells is a major contributing factor to the recurrence of glioblastoma and its resistance to therapy. Here, we have assessed the efficacy of the microtubule (MT) targeting agent Epothilone B (patupilone) on glioblastoma cell migration, a prerequisite for invasive tumor cell behavior. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, patupilone inhibited glioblastoma cell movement, as shown by transwell cell migration, random motility and spheroid assays. This anti-migratory effect was associated with a reduced accumulation of EB1 and other MT plus end tracking proteins at MT ends and with the induction of MT catastrophes, while the MT growth rate and other MT dynamic instability parameters remained unaltered. An increase in MT catastrophes led to the reduction of the number of MTs reaching the leading edge. Analysis of the effect of patupilone on MT dynamics in a reconstituted in vitro system demonstrated that the induction of MT catastrophes and an alteration of EB1 accumulation at MT plus end are intrinsic properties of patupilone activity. We have thus demonstrated that patupilone antagonizes glioblastoma cell migration by a novel mechanism, which is distinct from suppression of MT dynamic instability. Taken together, our results suggest that EB proteins may represent a new potential target for anti-cancer therapy in highly invasive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pagano
- INSERM UMR 911, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et en Oncopharmacologie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
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20
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Bailly C. Contemporary challenges in the design of topoisomerase II inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3611-40. [PMID: 22397403 DOI: 10.1021/cr200325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- Centre de Recherche et Développement, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France.
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Baumgart T, Klautke G, Kriesen S, Kuznetsov SA, Weiss DG, Fietkau R, Hildebrandt G, Manda K. Radiosensitizing effect of epothilone B on human epithelial cancer cells. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 188:177-84. [PMID: 22234539 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-011-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combined modality treatment employing radiation and chemotherapy plays a central role in the management of solid tumors. In our study, we examined the cytotoxic and radiosensitive effect of the microtubule stabilizer epothilone B on two human epithelial tumor cell lines in vitro and its influence on the microtubule assembly. METHODS Cancer cells were treated with epothilone B in proliferation assays and in combination with radiation in colony-forming assays. For the analysis of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage and the influence of the drug on its repair a γH2AX foci assay was used. To determine the effect of epothilone B on the microtubule assembly in cells and on purified tubulin, immunofluorescence staining and tubulin polymerization assay, respectively, were conducted. RESULTS Epothilone B induced a concentration- and application-dependent antiproliferative effect on the cells, with IC(50) values in the low nanomolar range. Colony forming assays showed a synergistic radiosensitive effect on both cell lines which was dependent on incubation time and applied concentration of epothilone B. The γH2AX assays demonstrated that ionizing radiation combined with the drug resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the number of double-strand breaks and suggested a reduction in DNA repair capacity. Epothilone B produced enhanced microtubule bundling and abnormal spindle formation as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy and caused microtubule formation from purified tubulin. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that epothilone B displays cytotoxic antitumor activity at low nanomolar concentrations and also enhances the radiation response in the tumor cells tested; this may be induced by a reduced DNA repair capacity triggered by epothilone B. It was also demonstrated that epothilone B in fact targets microtubules in a more effective manner than paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Baumgart
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University of Rostock, Südring 75, Rostock, Germany
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Antonarakis ES, Armstrong AJ. Evolving standards in the treatment of docetaxel-refractory castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2011; 14:192-205. [PMID: 21577234 PMCID: PMC3444817 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2011.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The management of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has taken several leaps forward in the past year, with the demonstration of improved overall survival with three novel agents (sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel with prednisone and abiraterone acetate with prednisone), and a significant delay in skeletal-related events observed with denosumab. The pipeline of systemic therapies in prostate cancer remains strong, as multiple agents with a diverse array of mechanisms of action are showing preliminary signs of clinical benefit, leading to more definitive phase III confirmatory trials. In this review, which represents part 1 of a two-part series on metastatic CRPC, we will summarize the mechanisms of resistance to hormonal and chemotherapies and discuss the evolving landscape of treatment options for men with CRPC, with a particular focus on currently approved and emerging treatment options following docetaxel administration, as well as prognostic factors in this post-docetaxel state. As docetaxel remains the standard initial systemic therapy for men with metastatic CRPC for both palliative and life-prolonging purposes, knowledge of these evolving standards will help to optimize delivery of care and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Antonarakis
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA.
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