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Feng Y, Yang Z, Xu X. c-Met: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Bladder Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:2379-2388. [PMID: 35967753 PMCID: PMC9374328 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s369175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) belongs to the tyrosine kinase receptor family and is overexpressed in various human cancers. Its ligand is hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Emerging studies have indicated that c-Met expression is strongly associated with bladder cancer (BCa) development and prognosis. Therefore, c-Met is a potential therapeutic target for BCa treatment. Recently, the aberrant expression of noncoding RNAs was found to play a significant role in tumour progression. There is a close connection between c-Met and noncoding RNA. Herein, we summarized the biological function and prognostic value of c-Met in BCa, as well as its potential role as a drug target. The relation of c-Met and ncRNA was also described in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Feng
- The Second Affiliated College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitong Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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2
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The study of direct and indirect effects of radiofrequency ablation on tumor microenvironment in liver tumor animal model. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:663. [PMID: 35710408 PMCID: PMC9205114 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Direct and indirect effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on tumor microenvironment of the liver tumor have been noted, which was reported to be related to a variety of tyrosine protein kinase or cytokinetic pathway, but have not been thoroughly investigated and conclusive. Purpose To elucidate direct and indirect effects of RFA on tumor microenvironment in the liver tumor model, and to explore the role of the specific inhibitor in tumor growth by targeting the key pathway of RFA. Materials and methods One hundred and ten mice with H22 liver tumor were used in animal experiments. Eighty-four mice were randomized into three groups: control, direct RFA and indirect RFA (a block slide was inside the middle of the tumor). The growth rate of the residual tumor after RFA was calculated (n = 8 each group) and the pathologic changes at different time points (6 h, 24 h, 72 h and 7d after RFA) were evaluated (n = 5 in each subgroup). After semi-quantitative analysis of the pathological staining, the most significant marker after RFA was selected. Then, the specific inhibitor (PHA) was applied with RFA and the tumor growth and pathological changes were evaluated and compared with RFA alone. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for evaluating the significance of different treatments in the pathological positive rate of specific markers in tumor. The two-way analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of treatment in tumor growth or body weight. Results The growth rate of the residual tumor in the direct RFA group was faster than the indirect RFA group (P = 0.026). The pathological analysis showed the expression of HSP70 (73 ± 13% vs 27 ± 9% at 24 h, P < 0.001), SMA (70 ± 18% vs 18 ± 7% at 6 h, P < 0.001) and Ki-67 (51 ± 11% vs 33 ± 14% at 7d, P < 0.001) in the direct RFA group was higher than those in the indirect RFA group after RFA. On the other hand, the expression of c-Met (38 ± 11% vs 28 ± 9% at 24 h, P = 0.01), IL-6 (41 ± 10% vs 25 ± 9% at 24 h, P < 0.001) and HIF-α (48 ± 10% vs 28 ± 8% at 24 h, P < 0.001) in the indirect RFA group was higher than those in the direct RFA group. And the expression of c-Met increased mostly in both direct and indirect RFA group compared to the baseline (53 and 65% at 72 h). Then the specific inhibitor of c-Met-PHA was applied with RFA. The growth rate of the tumor was significantly slower in the RFA + PHA group than the RFA alone group (1112.9 ± 465.6 mm3 vs 2162.7 ± 911.1 mm3 at day 16, P = 0.02). Conclusion Direct and indirect effects of RFA on tumor microenvironment changed at different time points and resulted in increased residual tumor growth in the animal model. It can be potentially neutralized with specific inhibitor of related pathways, such as tyrosine-protein kinase c-Met. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09730-x.
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3
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Dorababu A. Pyrazolopyrimidines as attractive pharmacophores in efficient drug design: A recent update. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200154. [PMID: 35698212 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Among the menacing diseases, cancer needs the most attention as millions of people are affected by it worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors play a pivotal role in causing cancer. Although a wide range of underlying mechanisms of cancer has been discovered, efficient treatments have not been discovered to date. Additionally, diseases caused by microbes such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and so forth, persistently result in several deaths. Also, inflammation is a major factor that leads to several health issues. For decades, drug design has become a major part of drug discovery and development for curing various diseases. Among the large number of pharmacological agents that have been synthesized, only very few have emerged as efficient drug molecules. Most of them are heterocyclic compounds, which are promising candidates for the design of efficient drug molecules. Furthermore, fused heterocycles showed comparatively stronger pharmacological activities than monocyclic heterocycles. The literature reveals that pyrazolopyrimidines have outstanding biological activity. Hence, here, the diverse pharmacological activities shown by pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives reported in the last 5 years are collated and reviewed systematically. This review is classified into various sections focusing on anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme inhibitors. Structure-activity relationships are discussed in brief, which will help researchers design potent pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- SRMPP Government First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, Karnataka, India
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4
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Liang D, Yu C, Qin X, Yang X, Dong X, Hu M, Du L, Li M. Discovery of small-molecule fluorescent probes for C-Met. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114114. [PMID: 35051746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
C-mesenchymal-epithelia transition factor (c-Met) is highly expressed in various solid tumors such as gastric cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer, playing a pivotal role in the growth, maintenance, and development of different tumor cells. In this study, three small-molecule fluorescent probes (5, 11, 16) targeting c-Met were developed, and their design strategies were also initially explored. In general, the fluorescence properties of the probes themselves could meet the imaging requirements, and they have shown sufficient inhibitory activities against c-Met, especially probe 16, reflecting the targeting and acceptance. Also, fluorescence polarization assays and flow cytometry analysis verified the binding between the probes and c-Met. Cell imaging confirmed that these probes could be used to label c-Met on living cells. It is of positive significance for the development of c-Met kinase inhibitors and tumor pathology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaojun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xingye Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xuhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mingzhao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lupei Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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5
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Nanobodies Enhancing Cancer Visualization, Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189778. [PMID: 34575943 PMCID: PMC8472690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, cancer is a serious health concern due to the increasing rates of incidence and mortality. Conventional cancer imaging, diagnosis and treatment practices continue to substantially contribute to the fight against cancer. However, these practices do have some risks, adverse effects and limitations, which can affect patient outcomes. Although antibodies have been developed, successfully used and proven beneficial in various oncology practices, the use of antibodies also comes with certain challenges and limitations (large in size, poor tumor penetration, high immunogenicity and a long half-life). Therefore, it is vital to develop new ways to visualize, diagnose and treat cancer. Nanobodies are novel antigen-binding fragments that possess many advantageous properties (small in size, low immunogenicity and a short half-life). Thus, the use of nanobodies in cancer practices may overcome the challenges experienced with using traditional antibodies. In this review, we discuss (1) the challenges with antibody usage and the superior qualities of nanobodies; (2) the use of antibodies and nanobodies in cancer imaging, diagnosis, drug delivery and therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy); and (3) the potential improvements in oncology practices due to the use of nanobodies as compared to antibodies.
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Yang Y, Li Y, Hou Y, Qin M, Gong P, Liu J, Zhao Y. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 4-phenoxyquinoline derivatives as potent c-Met kinase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126666. [PMID: 31629631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 4-phenoxyquinoline derivatives containing 3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-quinoxaline moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against five human cancer cell lines (A549, H460, HT-29, MKN-45 and U87MG) in vitro. Most of the tested compounds exhibited more potent inhibitory activities than the positive control foretinib. Compound 1b, 1s and 1t were further examined for their inhibitory activity against c-Met kinase. The most promising compound 1s (with c-Met IC50 value of 1.42 nM) showed remarkable cytotoxicity against A549, H460, HT-29, MKN45 and U87MG cell lines with IC50 values of 0.39 μM, 0.18 μM, 0.38 μM, 0.81 μM, respectively. Their preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) study indicated that the replacement of the aromatic ring with the cyclohexane improved their antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yingxiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Mingze Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ju Liu
- College of Pharmacy of Liaoning University, Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, 66 Chongshan Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Lv PC, Yang YS, Wang ZC. Recent Progress in the Development of Small Molecule c-Met Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1276-1288. [PMID: 31526339 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190712205353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
C-Met, also referred to as Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (HGFR), is a heterodimeric
receptor tyrosine kinase. It has been determined that c-Met gene mutations, overexpression, and amplification
also occur in a variety of human tumor types, and these events are closely related to the aberrant
activation of the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway. Meanwhile, high c-Met expression is closely associated
with poor prognosis in cancer patients. The c-Met kinase has emerged as an attractive target for developing
antitumor agents. In this review, we cover the recent advances on the small molecule c-Met inhibitors
discovered from 2018 until now, with a main focus on the rational design, synthesis and structureactivity
relationship analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN 47907, United States
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN 47907, United States
| | - Zhong-Chang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN 47907, United States
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Damalanka VC, Wildman SA, Janetka JW. Piperidine carbamate peptidomimetic inhibitors of the serine proteases HGFA, matriptase and hepsin. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1646-1655. [PMID: 31803403 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Matriptase and hepsin are type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs). Along with related S1 trypsin like serine protease HGFA (hepatocyte growth factor activator), their unregulated proteolytic activity has been associated with cancer including tumor progression and metastasis. These three proteases have two substrates in common, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), the ligands for MET and recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) receptor tyrosine kinases. Mechanism-based tetrapeptide and benzamidine inhibitors of these proteases have been shown to block HGF/MET and MSP/RON cancer cell signaling. Herein, we have rationally designed a new class of peptidomimetic hybrid small molecule piperidine carbamate dipeptide inhibitors comparable in potency to much larger tetrapeptides. We have identified multiple compounds which have potent activity against matriptase and hepsin and with excellent selectivity over the off-target serine proteases factor Xa and thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu C Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri , USA . ; Tel: +314 362 0509
| | - Scott A Wildman
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center , Drug Development Core , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin , USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri , USA . ; Tel: +314 362 0509
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9
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Tong H, Zhu Y, Liu Y. Incidence and risk of fatigue in cancer patients treated with MET inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15522. [PMID: 31145273 PMCID: PMC6709275 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The N-methyl-N'-nitroso-guanidine human osteosarcoma transforming gene (MET) inhibitors show a surprising survival benefit in the treatment of numerous tumors especially in MET-high tumor. Besides their impressive efficacy, fatigue reduced by MET inhibitors is still the safety issue during treatment. Thus, an understanding of this risk in the context of expanding MET-inhibitors use is an important cost and patient safety issue. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies up to October 2017. Eligibility criteria included phase II/III trials of MET inhibitors that reported adequate safety profiles of fatigue. The principal summary measures were incidence and relative risk (RR) of all-grade (grade 1-4) and high-grade (grade 3-4) fatigue, respectively. Random-effects model was applied to consider within-study and between-study variation. RESULTS A total of 5028 patients from 17 clinical trials were identified. The results revealed that the incidences of MET inhibitors-associated all-grade and high-grade fatigue were 41.9% and 9.6%, respectively. The RR of high-grade fatigue was (RR = 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.66; P = .0009), whereas the RR of all-grade fatigue was (RR = 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.15; P = .71). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis has demonstrated that MET inhibitors-based treatment is associated with an increased risk of high-grade fatigue compared with control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Tong
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Yutian Zhu
- Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Liu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
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Yang H, Jiang P, Liu D, Wang HQ, Deng Q, Niu X, Lu L, Dai H, Wang H, Yang W. Matrix Metalloproteinase 11 Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Lung Adenocarcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 14:82-93. [PMID: 31024988 PMCID: PMC6477516 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death, with the etiology largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify key driver genes with therapeutic potentials in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Transcriptome microarray data from four GEO datasets (GEO: GSE7670, GSE10072, GSE68465, and GSE43458) were jointly analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Ontologic analysis showed that most of the upregulated DEGs enriched in collagen catabolic and fibril organization processes were regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11), the highest upregulated MMP family member in LUAD-transformed cells, acted in an autocrine manner and was significantly increased in sera of LUAD patients. MMP11 depletion severely impaired LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, in line with retarded tumor growth in xenograft models. Treatment of different human LUAD cell lines with anti-MMP11 antibody significantly retarded cell growth and migration. Administration of anti-MMP11 antibody at a dose of 1 μg/g body weight significantly suppressed tumor growth in xenograft models. These findings indicate that MMP11 is a key cancer driver gene in LUAD and is an appealing target for antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Wang
- Biological Molecular Information System Lab., Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qingmei Deng
- Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaojie Niu
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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11
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Damalanka VC, Han Z, Karmakar P, O’Donoghue AJ, La Greca F, Kim T, Pant SM, Helander J, Klefström J, Craik CS, Janetka JW. Discovery of Selective Matriptase and Hepsin Serine Protease Inhibitors: Useful Chemical Tools for Cancer Cell Biology. J Med Chem 2018; 62:480-490. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu C. Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Partha Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, 92093, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States
| | - Florencia La Greca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States
| | - Tommy Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Shishir M. Pant
- Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Research Programs Unit/Translational Cancer Biology & Medicum, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonathan Helander
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Juha Klefström
- Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Research Programs Unit/Translational Cancer Biology & Medicum, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charles S. Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met is involved in the formation, metastasis and invasion of various malignant tumors thus it has been an attractive target for anti-tumor drug designing. Many compositions targeting c-Met have been developed in pharmaceutical industry for cancer therapy and some of them are in clinical study now. Among them, Crizotinib was the first small molecular inhibitor approved by FDA in 2011. AREAS COVERED This review briefly summarizes the signal transduction pathway about c-Met, its role in oncogenesis, most recent patents of small-molecule inhibitors and antibodies of c-Met from 2014 to 2017. EXPERT OPINION To date, some c-Met inhibitors have been launched in the market. In addition, their clinical performances have shown encouraging value in cancer therapy. Many potential agents are still in preclinical or clinical study now and achieve some promising progressions. Some patients have developed resistance to c-Met inhibitors which results in the need to develop inhibitors with novel structures. Development of several potent drugs also tends to be pharmacodynamically active against multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Zi-Dan Ye
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P. R. China
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Wang L, Liu X, Duan Y, Li X, Zhao B, Wang C, Xiao Z, Zheng P, Tang Q, Zhu W. Discovery of novel pyrrolopyrimidine/pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moiety as c-Met kinase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1301-1314. [PMID: 29575727 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Six series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moiety were designed and synthesized, and some bio-evaluation was also carried out. As a result, four points can be summarized: Firstly, some of compounds exhibited excellent cytotoxicity activity and selectivity with the IC50 values in single-digit μm level. In particular, the most promising compound 16d showed equal activity to lead compound foretinib against A549, HepG2, and MCF-7 cell lines, with the IC50 values of 4.79 ± 0.82, 2.03 ± 0.39, and 2.90 ± 0.43 μm, respectively. Secondly, the SARs and docking studies indicated that the in vitro antitumor activity of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moiety was superior to the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole moiety. Thirdly, three selected compounds (16d, 18d, and 20d) were further evaluated for inhibitory activity against the c-Met kinase, and the 16d could inhibit the c-Met kinase selectively by experiments of enzyme-based selectivity. What is more, 16d could induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and inhibitor the cell cycle of HepG2 on G2/M phase by acridine orange staining and cell cycle experiments, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiao Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongli Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Service, Naval University of Academy of PLA, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Caolin Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengwu Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qidong Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Lu Y, Cole KP, Fennell JW, Maloney TD, Mitchell D, Subbiah R, Ramadas B. An Alternative Indazole Synthesis for Merestinib. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Kevin P. Cole
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jared W. Fennell
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Todd D. Maloney
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - David Mitchell
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Ramesh Subbiah
- Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Balakumar Ramadas
- Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560 099, India
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15
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Discovery of thinopyrimidine-triazole conjugates as c-Met targeting and apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:370-380. [PMID: 29421713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Five series of N-methylpicolinamide moiety and thienopyrimidine moiety bearing triazole (21-26, 27-34, 35-41, 42-47 and 48-54) were designed and synthesized. And all the target compounds were evaluated for the IC50 values against three cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2 and MCF-7) and some selected compounds (43, 49 and 52) were further evaluated for the activity against c-Met, Flt-3, VEGFR-2, c-Kit and EGFR kinases. Moreover, SARs and docking studies indicated that thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine bearing triazole moiety was privileged structure for the activity. Especially, the Cl atom on the 4-C position of aryl group showed the best activity. The most promising compound 49 showed 3.7-5.4-fold more activity than the lead drug Foretinib against A549, HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines, with the IC50 values of 0.9 ± 0.1 µM, 0.5 ± 0.1 µM and 1.1 ± 0.2 µM, respectively. And The experiments of enzyme-based showed that 49 inhibitor the c-Met selectively, with the IC50 values of 16 nM, which showed equal activity to Foretinib (14 nM). What's more, According to the result of AO single staining and Annexin V/PI staining, it's claimed that the 49 could induce late apoptosis of HepG2 cells and by a concentration-dependent manner.
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16
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Parikh PK, Ghate MD. Recent advances in the discovery of small molecule c-Met Kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1103-1138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Synthesis and bioevaluation study of novel N -methylpicolinamide and thienopyrimidine derivatives as selectivity c-Met kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:245-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Li J, Gu W, Bi X, Li H, Liao C, Liu C, Huang W, Qian H. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel dual c-Met and VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6674-6679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Discovery of novel pyrrolo-pyridine/pyrimidine derivatives bearing pyridazinone moiety as c-Met kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:538-551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-phenoxyquinoline derivatives containing 3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxaline moiety as c-Met kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4475-4486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Wang X, Jiang N, Zhao S, Xi S, Wang J, Jing T, Zhang W, Guo M, Gong P, Zhai X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-(2-fluorophenoxy)quinoline derivatives as selective c-Met inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:886-896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of c-Met kinase inhibitors bearing 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4483-4486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Discovery of Potent c-MET Inhibitors with New Scaffold Having Different Quinazoline, Pyridine and Tetrahydro-Pyridothienopyrimidine Headgroups. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050612. [PMID: 27187326 PMCID: PMC6272887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) is closely linked to human malignancies, which makes it an important target for treatment of cancer. In this study, a series of 3-methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide derivatives, N-(3-(tert-butyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) benzamide derivatives and N1-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-N3-(4-fluorophenyl) malonamide derivatives were designed and synthesized, some of them were identified as c-MET inhibitors. Among these compounds with new scaffolds having different quinazoline, pyridine and tetrahydro-pyridothienopyrimidine head groups, compound 11c, 11i, 13b, 13h exhibited both potent inhibitory activities against c-MET and high anticancer activity against tested cancer cell lines in vitro. In addition, kinase selectivity assay further demonstrated that both 13b and 13h are potent and selective c-MET inhibitors. Molecular docking supported that they bound well to c-MET and VEGFR2, which demonstrates that they are potential c-MET RTK inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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24
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Ahmed M, Kumar G, Moussa M, Wang Y, Rozenblum N, Galun E, Goldberg SN. Hepatic Radiofrequency Ablation-induced Stimulation of Distant Tumor Growth Is Suppressed by c-Met Inhibition. Radiology 2016; 279:103-17. [PMID: 26418615 PMCID: PMC4819900 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015150080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate how hepatic radiofrequency (RF) ablation affects distant extrahepatic tumor growth by means of two key molecular pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were used in this institutional animal care and use committee-approved study. First, the effect of hepatic RF ablation on distant subcutaneous in situ R3230 and MATBIII breast tumors was evaluated. Animals were randomly assigned to standardized RF ablation, sham procedure, or no treatment. Tumor growth rate was measured for 3½ to 7 days. Then, tissue was harvested for Ki-67 proliferative indexes and CD34 microvascular density. Second, hepatic RF ablation was performed for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and c-Met receptor expression measurement in periablational rim, serum, and distant tumor 24 hours to 7 days after ablation. Third, hepatic RF ablation was combined with either a c-Met inhibitor (PHA-665752) or VEGF receptor inhibitor (semaxanib) and compared with sham or drug alone arms to assess distant tumor growth and growth factor levels. Finally, hepatic RF ablation was performed in rats with c-Met-negative R3230 tumors for comparison with the native c-Met-positive line. Tumor size and immunohistochemical quantification at day 0 and at sacrifice were compared with analysis of variance and the two-tailed Student t test. Tumor growth curves before and after treatment were analyzed with linear regression analysis to determine mean slopes of pre- and posttreatment growth curves on a per-tumor basis and were compared with analysis of variance and paired two-tailed t tests. RESULTS After RF ablation of normal liver, distant R3230 tumors were substantially larger at 7 days compared with tumors treated with the sham procedure and untreated tumors, with higher growth rates and tumor cell proliferation. Similar findings were observed in MATBIII tumors. Hepatic RF ablation predominantly increased periablational and serum HGF and downstream distant tumor VEGF levels. Compared with RF ablation alone, RF ablation combined with adjuvant PHA-665752 or semaxanib reduced distant tumor growth, proliferation, and microvascular density. For c-Met-negative tumors, hepatic RF ablation did not increase distant tumor growth, proliferation, or microvascular density compared with sham treatment. CONCLUSION RF ablation of normal liver can stimulate distant subcutaneous tumor growth mediated by HGF/c-Met pathway and VEGF activation. This effect was not observed in c-Met-negative tumors and can be blocked with adjuvant c-Met and VEGF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Ahmed
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marwan Moussa
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuanguo Wang
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Rozenblum
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S. Nahum Goldberg
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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25
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Zhai X, Bao G, Wang L, Cheng M, Zhao M, Zhao S, Zhou H, Gong P. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-phenoxy-6,7-disubstituted quinolines possessing (thio)semicarbazones as c-Met kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1331-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Jin S, Borkhuu O, Bao W, Yang YT. Signaling Pathways in Thyroid Cancer and Their Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Med Res 2016; 8:284-96. [PMID: 26985248 PMCID: PMC4780491 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2480w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a common malignancy of endocrine system, and has now become the fastest increasing cancer among all the malignancies. The development, progression, invasion, and metastasis are closely associated with multiple signaling pathways and the functions of related molecules, such as Src, Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, NF-κB, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), Wnt-β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways. Each of the signaling pathways could exert its function singly or through network with other pathways. These pathways could cooperate, promote, antagonize, or interact with each other to form a complex network for the regulation. Dysfunction of this network could increase the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of thyroid cancer. Inoperable thyroid cancer still has a poor prognosis. However, signaling pathway-related targeted therapies offer the hope of longer quality of meaningful life for this small group of patients. Signaling pathway-related targets provide unprecedented opportunities for further research and clinical development of novel treatment strategies for this cancer. In the present work, the advances in these signaling pathways and targeted treatments of thyroid cancer were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Oyungerel Borkhuu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wuyuntu Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yun-Tian Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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27
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Chen L, Li C, Zhu Y. The HGF inhibitory peptide HGP-1 displays promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy for targeted cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2015; 6:30088-101. [PMID: 26254225 PMCID: PMC4745783 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HGF/MET pathway mediates cancer initiation and development. Thus, inhibition on HGF-initiated MET signaling pathway would provide a new approach to cancer targeted therapeutics. In our study, we identified a targeting peptide candidate binding to HGF which was named HGF binding peptide-1 (HGP-1) via bacterial surface display methods coupled with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). HGP-1 showed the moderate affinity when determined with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique and high specificity in binding to HGF while assessed by fluorescence-based ELISA assay. The results from MTT and in vitro migration assay indicated that HGF-dependent cell proliferation and migration could be inhibited by HGP-1. In vivo administration of HGP-1 led to an effective inhibitory effect on tumor growth in A549 tumor xenograft models. Moreover, findings from Western Blots revealed that HGP-1 could down-regulated the phosphorylation levels of MET and ERK1/2 initiated by HGF, which suggested that HGP-1 could disrupt the activation of HGF/MET signaling to influence the cell activity. All the data highlighted the potential of HGP-1 to be a potent inhibitor for HGF/MET signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.,Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.,Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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28
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Frederick MO, Calvin JR, Cope RF, LeTourneau ME, Lorenz KT, Johnson MD, Maloney TD, Pu YJ, Miller RD, Cziesla LE. Development of an NH4Cl-Catalyzed Ethoxy Ethyl Deprotection in Flow for the Synthesis of Merestinib. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael O. Frederick
- Small Molecule Design and Development,
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Joel R. Calvin
- Small Molecule Design and Development,
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Richard F. Cope
- Small Molecule Design and Development,
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Michael E. LeTourneau
- Small Molecule Design and Development,
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Kurt T. Lorenz
- Small Molecule Design and Development,
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Martin D. Johnson
- Small Molecule Design and Development,
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Todd D. Maloney
- Small Molecule Design and Development,
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Yangwei John Pu
- Small Molecule Design and Development,
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Richard D. Miller
- Small Molecule Design and Development,
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Lauren E. Cziesla
- Small Molecule Design and Development,
Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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29
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Whitsett TG, Inge LJ, Dhruv HD, Cheung PY, Weiss GJ, Bremner RM, Winkles JA, Tran NL. Molecular determinants of lung cancer metastasis to the central nervous system. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 2:273-83. [PMID: 25806243 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2013.03.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The propensity for metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS) is a major clinical hurdle contributing to the low five-year survival rate of advanced disease. CNS metastases significantly outnumber primary brain tumors and carry a dismal prognosis in part due to the inability of therapeutic agents to cross the blood brain barrier. Standard treatment using radiation has been largely ineffective in improving mortality, suggesting the need for new agents targeting the critical metastatic drivers. The genetic and molecular events governing CNS metastasis from the lung are poorly understood at this time. This review highlights genetic events associated with CNS dissemination from the lung and molecular mechanisms associated with CNS metastasis. In vivo model systems that faithfully recapitulate escape from the lung and colonization of the CNS are described as tools for understanding the metastatic phenotype and for testing new therapeutic agents. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of lung cancer metastasis to the CNS is needed to elucidate novel therapeutic avenues towards the improvement of the mortality associated with advanced stage lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Whitsett
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Landon J Inge
- Center for Thoracic and Esophageal Disease, Heart and Lung Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Harshil D Dhruv
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Philip Y Cheung
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Glen J Weiss
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA ; ; Medical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Goodyear, AZ, USA
| | - Ross M Bremner
- Center for Thoracic and Esophageal Disease, Heart and Lung Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Departments of Surgery and Physiology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
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30
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An XD, Liu H, Xu ZL, Jin Y, Peng X, Yao YM, Geng M, Long YQ. Discovery of potent 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-based c-Met kinase inhibitors via mechanism-directed structural optimization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:708-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Wang Y, Chen W, Chen J, Pan Q, Pan J. LncRNA expression profiles of EGFR exon 19 deletions in lung adenocarcinoma ascertained by using microarray analysis. Med Oncol 2014; 31:137. [PMID: 25085781 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies showed that long chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the development and progression of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms of EGFR exon 19 deletion in lung adenocarcinoma were unclear. Lung adenocarcinoma was divided into EGFR exon 19 deletion group and EGFR wild-type group. We studied the differential expression profiles of lncRNAs in EGFR exon 19 deletion in lung adenocarcinoma by high-throughput microarray. Using abundant and varied probes, we were able to assess 30,586 lncRNAs and 26,109 mRNAs in our microarray. Compared with the wild-type EGFR, we found that 1,533 lncRNAs and 1,406 mRNAs were differentially expressed (≥ twofold change) in EGFR exon 19 deletion in lung adenocarcinoma, indicating that many lncRNAs were significantly upregulated or downregulated in EGFR exon 19 deletion in lung adenocarcinoma. The 10 lncRNAs were aberrantly expressed in EGFR exon 19 deletion in lung adenocarcinoma compared with wild-type EGFR group validated by real-time RT-PCR. Among these, RP11-325I22.2 and LOC440905 were the most aberrantly expressed in 20 cases of EGFR exon 19 deletion in lung adenocarcinoma samples by real-time RT-PCR. Our study showed lncRNAs expression pattern in EGFR exon 19 deletion in lung adenocarcinoma by microarray. RP11-325I22.2 and LOC440905 might play an important role in the mechanism of EGFR exon 19 deletion in lung adenocarcinoma. The study may provide a new mechanism of EGFR exon 19 deletion in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
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32
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Qu G, Liu C, Sun B, Zhou C, Zhang Z, Wang P. Combination of BIBW2992 and ARQ 197 is effective against erlotinib-resistant human lung cancer cells with the EGFR T790M mutation. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:341-7. [PMID: 24842595 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) erlotinib and gefitinib have shown marked effects against EGFR-mutated lung cancer, patients acquire resistance by various mechanisms, including the EGFR T790M mutation and Met induction, consequently suffering relapse. Thus, novel agents to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance are urgently needed. We aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of a combination of BIBW2992 (irreversible EGFR inhibitor)/ARQ 197 (MET inhibitor) on the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line H1975. H1975 cells (harboring a T790M mutation in EGFR) were treated with erlotinib, BIBW2992 or ARQ 197 separately or with combinations of erlotinib/ARQ 197 or BIBW2992/ARQ 197. Cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were evaluated by MTT assay, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining and flow cytometry, respectively. EGFR, MET, AKT, ERK and the respective phosphorylated counterparts were detected by western blot analysis. Pathway-specific knockdown of MET and/or EGFR kinase signaling was achieved by siRNA interference. H1975 cells displayed EGFR and MET activation, and were resistant to erlotinib. The BIBW2992/ARQ 197 combination significantly inhibited growth, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and altered the phosphorylation of EGFR, MET, AKT and ERK1/2 in the H1975 cells. Phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2, downstream effectors of the EGFR and MET pathways, was not affected by the other tested treatments. Finally, knockdown of MET and/or EGFR in the H1975 cells confirmed the enhanced downstream inhibition of both MET and EGFR pathways. Combination of an irreversible EGFR inhibitor and MET inhibitor is effective in controlling H1975 cells with acquired resistance to erlotinib, by a mechanism involving the downregulation of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geping Qu
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Changting Liu
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Baojun Sun
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Changxi Zhou
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Nanlou Respiratory Diseases Department, The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Xu J, Ai J, Liu S, Peng X, Yu L, Geng M, Nan F. Design and synthesis of 3,3'-biscoumarin-based c-Met inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3721-34. [PMID: 24781551 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00364k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A library of biscoumarin-based c-Met inhibitors was synthesized, based on optimization of 3,3'-biscoumarin hit 3, which was identified as a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of c-Met from a diverse library of coumarin derivatives. Among these compounds, 38 and 40 not only showed potent enzyme activities with IC50 values of 107 nM and 30 nM, respectively, but also inhibited c-Met phosphorylation in BaF3/TPR-Met and EBC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Xu
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, Republic of China.
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Szokol B, Gyulavári P, Kurkó I, Baska F, Szántai-Kis C, Greff Z, Őrfi Z, Peták I, Pénzes K, Torka R, Ullrich A, Őrfi L, Vántus T, Kéri G. Discovery and Biological Evaluation of Novel Dual EGFR/c-Met Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:298-303. [PMID: 24900830 DOI: 10.1021/ml4003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been identified in a subset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is one of the leading cancer types worldwide. Application of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors leads to acquired resistance by secondary EGFR mutations or by amplification of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) gene. Although several EGFR and c-Met inhibitors have been reported, potent dual EGFR/c-Met inhibitors, which can overcome this latter resistance mechanism, have hitherto not been published and have not reached clinical trials. In the present study we have identified dual EGFR/c-Met inhibitors and designed novel N-[4-(quinolin-4-yloxy)-phenyl]-biarylsulfonamide derivatives, which inhibit the c-Met receptor and both the wild-type and the activating mutant EGFR kinases in nanomolar range. We have demonstrated by Western blot analysis that compound 10 inhibits EGFR and c-Met phosphorylation at cellular level and effectively inhibits viability of the NSCLC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pál Gyulavári
- MTA-SE
Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Kurkó
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
- Rational
Drug-Design Laboratory Cooperation Research Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán Greff
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Őrfi
- Rational
Drug-Design Laboratory Cooperation Research Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - István Peták
- MTA-SE
Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- KPS Medical Biotechnology and Healthcare Services Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Pénzes
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Robert Torka
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Axel Ullrich
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - László Őrfi
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vántus
- MTA-SE
Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Kéri
- Vichem Chemie Research Ltd., 1022 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE
Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Rational
Drug-Design Laboratory Cooperation Research Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Yamaguchi H, Takanashi M, Yoshida N, Ito Y, Kamata R, Fukami K, Yanagihara K, Sakai R. Saracatinib impairs the peritoneal dissemination of diffuse-type gastric carcinoma cells resistant to Met and fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:528-36. [PMID: 24612061 PMCID: PMC4317844 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse-type gastric carcinomas (DGC) exhibit more aggressive progression and poorer prognosis than intestinal-type and other gastric carcinomas. To identify potential therapeutic targets, we examined protein tyrosine phosphorylation in a panel of DGC and other gastric cancer cell lines. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was significantly enhanced or altered in DGC cell lines compared with that in other gastric cancer cell lines. Affinity purification and mass spectrometry analysis of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins identified Met as a protein that is preferentially expressed and phosphorylated in DGC cell lines. Unexpectedly, Met inhibitors blocked cell growth, Met downstream signaling and peritoneal dissemination in vivo in only a subset of cell lines that exhibited remarkable overexpression of Met. Likewise, only cell lines with overexpression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) or phosphorylation of FRS2 were sensitive to an FGFR2 inhibitor. A Src inhibitor saracatinib impaired growth in cell lines that are insensitive to both Met and FGFR2 inhibitors. Saracatinib also effectively impaired peritoneal dissemination of Met-independent and FGFR2-independent SGC cells. Moreover, DGC cell lines exhibited nearly mutually exclusive susceptibility to Met, FGFR and Src inhibitors. These results suggest that DGC have distinct sensitivities to molecular target drugs and that targeting Src is beneficial in the treatment of DGC insensitive to Met and FGFR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yamaguchi
- Division of Metastasis and Invasion Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kallman NJ, Liu C, Yates MH, Linder RJ, Ruble JC, Kogut EF, Patterson LE, Laird DLT, Hansen MM. Route Design and Development of a MET Kinase Inhibitor: A Copper-Catalyzed Preparation of an N1-Methylindazole. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op400317z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Kallman
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Chin Liu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Matthew H. Yates
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Ryan J. Linder
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - J. Craig Ruble
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Eugene F. Kogut
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Lawrence E. Patterson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Dana L. T. Laird
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Marvin M. Hansen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate
Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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Meng L, Shu M, Chen Y, Yang D, He Q, Zhao H, Feng Z, Liang C, Yu K. A novel lead compound CM-118: antitumor activity and new insight into the molecular mechanism and combination therapy strategy in c-Met- and ALK-dependent cancers. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:721-34. [PMID: 24618813 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase play essential roles in the pathogenesis in multiple human cancers and present emerging targets for cancer treatment. Here, we describe CM-118, a novel lead compound displaying low nanomolar biochemical potency against both ALK and c-Met with selectivity over>90 human kinases. CM-118 potently abrogated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced c-Met phosphorylation and cell migration, phosphorylation of ALK, EML4-ALK, and ALK resistance mutants in transfected cells. CM-118 inhibited proliferation and/or induced apoptosis in multiple c-Met- and ALK-addicted cancer lines with dose response profile correlating target blockade. We show that the CM-118-induced apoptosis in c-Met-amplified H1993 NSCLC cells involved a rapid suppression of c-Met activity and c-Met-to-EGFR cross-talk, and was profoundly potentiated by EGFR inhibitors as shown by the increased levels of apoptotic proteins cleaved-PARP and Bim as well as reduction of the survival protein Mcl-1. Bim-knockdown or Mcl-1 overexpression each significantly attenuated apoptosis. We also revealed a key role by mTOR in mediating CM-118 action against the EML4-ALK-dependent NSCLC cells. Abrogation of EML4-ALK in H2228 cells profoundly reduced signaling capacity of the rapamycin-sensitive mTOR pathway leading to G 1 cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial hyperpolarization, a metabolic perturbation linked to mTOR inhibition. Depletion of mTOR or mTORC1 inhibited H2228 cell growth, and mTOR inhibitors potentiated CM-118's antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration of CM-118 at a wide range of well tolerated dosages diminished c-Met- and ALK phosphorylation in vivo, and caused tumor regression or growth inhibition in multiple c-Met- and ALK-dependent tumor xenografts in mice. CM-118 exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic and drug metabolism properties hence presents a candidate for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology; Fudan University School of Pharmacy; Shanghai, PR China; Department of Nuclear Medicine; Zhongshan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mengjun Shu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yaqing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; Fudan University School of Pharmacy; Shanghai, PR China
| | | | - Qun He
- Department of Pharmacology; Fudan University School of Pharmacy; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology; Fudan University School of Pharmacy; Shanghai, PR China
| | | | | | - Ker Yu
- Department of Pharmacology; Fudan University School of Pharmacy; Shanghai, PR China
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Shoji S, Nakano M, Sato H, Tang XY, Osamura YR, Terachi T, Uchida T, Takeya K. The current status of tailor-made medicine with molecular biomarkers for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:111-34. [PMID: 23959576 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate use of multiple reliable molecular biomarkers in the right context will play a role in tailormade medicine of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients in the future. A total of 11,056 patients from 53 studies were included in this review. The article numbers of the each evidence levels, using the grading system defined by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, in 1b, 2a, 2b, and 3b were 5 (9%), 18 (34%), 29 (55%), and 1 (2%), respectively. The main goal of using biomarkers is to refine predictions of tumor progression, pharmacotherapy responsiveness, and cancer-specific and/or overall survival. Currently, carbonic anhydrase (CA9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in peripheral blood and p53 in tumor tissues are measured to predict metastasis, while VEGF-related proteins in peripheral blood are used to assess pharmacotherapy responsiveness with sunitinib. Furthermore, interleukin 8, osteopontin, hepatocyte growth factor, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 in peripheral blood enable assessment of responsiveness to pazopanib treatment. Other reliable molecular biomarkers include von Hippel–Lindau gene alteration, hypoxia-inducible factor-1a, CA9, and survivin in tumor tissues and VEGF in peripheral blood for predicting cancer-specific survival. In the future, studies should undergo external validation for developing tailored management of clear cell RCC with molecular biomarkers, since individual institutional studies lack the generalization and consistency required to maintain accuracy among different patient series.
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Targeting of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase by small molecule inhibitors leads to MET accumulation by impairing the receptor downregulation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:653-8. [PMID: 24440350 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The MET receptor tyrosine kinase is deregulated primarily via overexpression or point mutations in various human cancers and different strategies for MET inhibition are currently evaluated in clinical trials. We observed by Western blot analysis and by Flow cytometry that MET inhibition by different MET small molecule inhibitors surprisingly increases in a dose-dependent manner total MET levels in treated cells. Mechanistically, this inhibition-related MET accumulation was associated with reduced Tyr1003 phosphorylation and MET physical association with the CBL ubiquitin ligase with concomitant decrease in MET ubiquitination. These data may suggest careful consideration for design of anti-MET clinical protocols.
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40
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Yu Z, Ma YC, Ai J, Chen DQ, Zhao DM, Wang X, Chen YL, Geng MY, Xiong B, Cheng MS, Shen JK. Energetic factors determining the binding of type I inhibitors to c-Met kinase: experimental studies and quantum mechanical calculations. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1475-83. [PMID: 24056705 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To decipher the molecular interactions between c-Met and its type I inhibitors and to facilitate the design of novel c-Met inhibitors. METHODS Based on the prototype model inhibitor 1, four ligands with subtle differences in the fused aromatic rings were synthesized. Quantum chemistry was employed to calculate the binding free energy for each ligand. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) was used to decompose the binding energy into several fundamental forces to elucidate the determinant factors. RESULTS Binding free energies calculated from quantum chemistry were correlated well with experimental data. SAPT calculations showed that the predominant driving force for binding was derived from a sandwich π-π interaction with Tyr-1230. Arg-1208 was the differentiating factor, interacting with the 6-position of the fused aromatic ring system through the backbone carbonyl with a force pattern similar to hydrogen bonding. Therefore, a hydrogen atom must be attached at the 6-position, and changing the carbon atom to nitrogen caused unfavorable electrostatic interactions. CONCLUSION The theoretical studies have elucidated the determinant factors involved in the binding of type I inhibitors to c-Met.
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41
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Matsumoto S, Miyamoto N, Hirayama T, Oki H, Okada K, Tawada M, Iwata H, Nakamura K, Yamasaki S, Miki H, Hori A, Imamura S. Structure-based design, synthesis, and evaluation of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as novel dual c-Met and VEGFR2 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7686-98. [PMID: 24216091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To identify compounds with potent antitumor efficacy for various human cancers, we aimed to synthesize compounds that could inhibit c-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) kinases. We designed para-substituted inhibitors by using co-crystal structural information from c-Met and VEGFR2 in complex with known inhibitors. This led to the identification of compounds 3a and 3b, which were capable of suppressing both c-Met and VEGFR2 kinase activities. Further optimization resulted in pyrazolone and pyridone derivatives, which could form intramolecular hydrogen bonds to enforce a rigid conformation, thereby producing potent inhibition. One compound of particular note was the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivative (26) bearing a 6-methylpyridone ring, which strongly inhibited both c-Met and VEGFR2 enzyme activities (IC50=1.9, 2.2 nM), as well as proliferation of c-Met-addicted MKN45 cells and VEGF-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (IC50=5.0, 1.8 nM). Compound 26 exhibited dose-dependent antitumor efficacy in vivo in MKN45 (treated/control ratio [T/C]=4%, po, 5mg/kg, once-daily) and COLO205 (T/C=13%, po, 15 mg/kg, once-daily) mouse xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemitsu Matsumoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraokahigashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
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42
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Yao YL, Shao J, Zhang C, Wu JH, Zhang QH, Wang JJ, Zhu W. Proliferation of colorectal cancer is promoted by two signaling transduction expression patterns: ErbB2/ErbB3/AKT and MET/ErbB3/MAPK. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78086. [PMID: 24205104 PMCID: PMC3813539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the recent breakthroughs in cancer research is the identification of activating mutations in various receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK) pathways in many cancers including colorectal cancer(CRC). We hypothesize that, alternative to mutations, overexpression of various oncogenic RTKs may also underpin CRC pathogenesis, and different RTK may couple with distinct downstream signaling pathways in different subtypes of human CRC. By immunohistochemistry, we show here that RTK members ErbB2, ErbB3 and c-Met were in deed differentially overexpressed in colorectal cancer patient samples leading to constitutive activation of RTK signaling pathways. Using ErbB2 specific inhibitor Lapatinib and c-Met specific inhibitor PHA-665752, we further demonstrated that this constitutive activation of RTK signaling is necessary for the survival of colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, we show that RTK overexpression pattern dictates the use of downstream AKT and/or MAPK pathways. Our data are important additions to current oncogenic mutation models, and further explain the clinical variation in therapeutic responses of colorectal cancer. Our findings advocate for more personalized therapy tailored to individual patients based on their type of RTK expression in addition to their mutation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
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Qi B, Tao H, Wu D, Bai J, Shi Y, Gong P. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4-Phenoxy-6,7-disubstituted Quinolines Possessing Semicarbazone Scaffolds as Selective c-Met Inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:596-609. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Yandan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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Varkaris A, Gaur S, Parikh NU, Song JH, Dayyani F, Jin JK, Logothetis CJ, Gallick GE. Ligand-independent activation of MET through IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1536-46. [PMID: 23526299 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase, MET, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis of many solid tumors, by multiple mechanisms, including cross talk with epidermal growth factor receptor. In this study, we examined the role of insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R) signaling in MET activation, focusing on prostate cancer cells. Stimulation of the prostate cancer cell line PC3 with IGF-1 induces a delayed phosphorylation of MET at multiple sites (indicative of full activation), reaching a maximum 18 hr after IGF-1 addition. MET activation does not require the sole MET ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), but does require transcription to occur. Furthermore, direct injection of IGF-1 is sufficient to induce MET activation in vivo, in a PC3 xenograft model. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of the tyrosine kinase, Src, abolishes MET phosphorylation, and expression of activated Src is sufficient to induce Met phosphorylation in the absence of IGF-1 stimulation. Activated MET is essential for IGF-1-mediated increased migration of PC3 cells, demonstrating an important biologic effect of IGF-1-mediated MET activation. Finally, we demonstrate that IGF-1-induced delayed MET activation occurs in multiple cell lines which express both the receptors, suggesting that IGF-1R-mediated MET activation may contribute to tumorigenic properties of multiple cancer types when both growth factor receptors are expressed. The results further suggest that MET may be activated by multiple receptor tyrosine kinase receptors, and dual targeting of these receptors may be important therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Varkaris
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Zhang D, Ai J, Liang Z, Zhu W, Peng X, Chen X, Ji Y, Jiang H, Luo C, Geng M, Liu H. Novel 5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives as potent c-Met inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2408-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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C-MET is expressed in the majority of penile squamous cell carcinomas and correlates with polysomy-7 but is not associated with MET oncogene amplification, pertinent histopathologic parameters, or with cancer-specific survival. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209:215-20. [PMID: 23490239 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We assessed c-MET expression and oncogene amplification in a cohort enrolling 92 surgically treated penile squamous cell carcinomas (PSCCs). A tissue microarray was constructed for c-MET immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic silver in situ hybridization (SISH). Two independent pathologists evaluated IHC by employing the breast cancer scoring rules, and scored the presence of MET oncogene amplification and/or polysomy-7. Eighty study cases (87%) showed c-MET expression. No study case had MET oncogene amplification, but 42 patients (45.7%) had polysomy-7. Polysomy-7 showed a significant positive correlation with c-MET expression (ρ=0.323, p=0.002). Neither c-MET expression nor polysomy-7 was associated with histopathologic parameters or with cancer-specific survival (median post-surgical follow-up 32 months). Our data suggest that the majority of PSCCs exhibit c-MET expression which is not associated with oncogene amplification, but might be attributable to polysomy-7. Further studies should investigate the expression and activation of downstream molecules functionally involved in c-MET pathway signaling, and clarify the so far unresolved role of c-MET inhibitors as potential targeted therapies in PSCCs with metastatic dissemination.
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Liang Z, Ai J, Ding X, Peng X, Zhang D, Zhang R, Wang Y, Liu F, Zheng M, Jiang H, Liu H, Geng M, Luo C. Anthraquinone Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of c-Met Kinase and the Extracellular Signaling Pathway. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:408-13. [PMID: 24900685 DOI: 10.1021/ml4000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant function of c-Met kinase signaling pathway is ubiquitously involved in a broad spectrum of human cancers; thus, a strong rationale exists for targeting the kinase pathway in cancer therapy. Via integration of computational and experimental studies, anthraquinone derivatives were identified for the first time as potent c-Met kinase inhibitors in this research. The aberrant activation of the c-Met kinase pathway results from (TPR)-Met, MET gene mutation, or amplification and a hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor-dependent autocrine or paracrine mechanism. However, anthraquinone derivatives exclusively suppressed c-Met phosphorylation stimulated by HGF in A549 cells, indicating that the compounds possess the ability to block the extracellular HGF-dependent pathway. A surface plasmon resonance assay revealed that the most potent compound, 2a, shows a high binding affinity for HGF with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 1.95 μM. The dual roles of compound 2a demonstrate the potency of anthraquinone derivatives and provide a new design solution for the c-Met kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Liang
- Center for Systems
Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006,
China
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Ai
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xia Peng
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dengyou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Center for Systems
Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006,
China
- State Key Laboratory
of Drug
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Busnena BA, Foudah AI, Melancon T, El Sayed KA. Olive secoiridoids and semisynthetic bioisostere analogues for the control of metastatic breast cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2117-27. [PMID: 23403296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Oleocanthal (1) and ligstroside aglycone (2) are common bioactive olive oil secoiridoids. Secoiridoid 1 has been previously reported as a c-MET inhibitor. Chemically, (-)-oleocanthal is the elenolic acid ester of the common olive phenolic alcohol tyrosol. Therefore, several analogues (4-13) were synthesized by esterification and carbamoylation of tyrosol using diverse phenolic naturally occurring in olive and heterocyclic acids as elenolic acid bioisosteres to assess the effect of replacing the acid moiety of (-)-oleocanthal. Their c-MET inhibitory activity as well as their antiproliferative, antimigratory, and anti-invasive activities against the highly metastatic human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231 has been assessed. Ligstroside aglycone (2) showed the best antimigratory activity. Generally, tyrosol esters showed better activities versus carbamate analogues. Tyrosol sinapate (5) showed the best c-MET phosphorylation inhibitory activity in Z'-LYTE kinase assay. Both 1 and 5 competitively inhibited the ATP binding into its pocket in the c-MET catalytic domain. Compound 5 showed selective activities against tumor cells without toxicity to the non-tumorigenic human breast MCF10A epithelial cell line. Tyrosol esters with a phenolic acid containing hydrogen bond donor and/or acceptor groups at the para-position have better anticancer and c-MET inhibitory activities. Olive oil secoiridoids are excellent scaffolds for the design of novel c-MET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belnaser A Busnena
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
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Wang Y, Xu ZL, Ai J, Peng X, Lin JP, Ji YC, Geng MY, Long YQ. Investigation on the 1,6-naphthyridine motif: discovery and SAR study of 1H-imidazo[4,5-h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(3H)-one-based c-Met kinase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26710a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Immunotherapy: shifting the balance of cell-mediated immunity and suppression in human prostate cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2012; 4:1333-48. [PMID: 24213509 PMCID: PMC3712722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Active immunotherapy is dependent on the ability of the immune system to recognize and respond to tumors. Despite overwhelming evidence to support a cell-mediated immune response to prostate cancer, it is insufficient to eradicate the disease. This is likely due to a high level of suppression at the tumor site from a variety of sources, including immunosuppressive cells. Immune cells entering the tumor microenvironment may be inhibited directly by the tumor, stromal cells or other immune cells that have been induced to adopt a suppressive phenotype. The resurgence of interest in immunotherapy following the approval of sipuleucel-T and ipilimumab by the Food and Drug Administration has brought about new strategies for overcoming tumor-mediated suppression and bolstering anti-tumor responses. Improved understanding of the immune response to prostate cancer can lead to new combination therapies, such as the use of vaccine with small molecule and checkpoint inhibitors or other immunotherapies.
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