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Owais M, Kumar A, Hasan SM, Singh K, Azad I, Hussain A, Suvaiv, Akil M. Quinoline Derivatives as Promising Scaffolds for Antitubercular Activity: A Comprehensive Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1238-1251. [PMID: 38185891 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575281039231218112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives play a significant role in the design and development of novel quinoline drugs. Among the various pharmacologically active heterocyclic compounds, quinolines stand out as the most significant rings due to their broad pharmacological roles, specifically antitubercular activity, and their presence in plant-based compounds. Quinoline is also known as benzpyridine, benzopyridine, and 1-azanaphthalene. It has a benzene ring fused with a pyridine ring, and both rings share two carbon atoms. The importance of quinoline lies in its incorporation as a key component in various natural compounds found in medicinal plant families like Fumariaceae, Berberidaceae, Rutaceae, Papavaraceae, and others. OBJECTIVE This article is expected to have a significant impact on the advancement of effective antitubercular drugs. Through harnessing the potent activity of quinoline derivatives, the research aims to make valuable contributions to combating tuberculosis more efficiently and ultimately reducing the global burden of this infectious disease. METHODS Numerous nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds exhibit significant potential as antitubercular agents. These chemicals have fused aromatic nitrogen-heterocyclic nuclei that can change the number of electrons they have, which can change their chemical, physical, and biological properties. This versatility comes from their ability to bind with the receptors in multiple modes, a critical aspect of drug pharmacological screening. Among these compounds, quinoline stands out as it incorporates a stable fusion of a benzene ring with a pyridine nucleus. Quinolines have demonstrated a diverse range of pharmacological activities, including but not limited to anti-tubercular, anti-tumor, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antimalarial, anti-HIV, and antimicrobial effects. RESULTS Some molecules, such as lone-paired nitrogen species, include pyrrole, pyrazole, and quinoline. These molecules contain nitrogen and take part in metabolic reactions with other molecules inside the cell. However, an excessive accumulation of reactive nitrogen species can lead to cytotoxicity, resulting in damage to essential biological macromolecules. Among these compounds, quinoline stands out as the oldest and most effective one, exhibiting a wide range of significant properties such as antitubercular, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and anticonvulsant activities. Notably, naturally occurring quinoline compounds, such as quinine, have proven to be potent antimalarial drugs. CONCLUSION This review highlights quinoline derivatives' antitubercular potential, emphasizing recent research advancements. Utilizing IC50 values, the study emphasizes the efficacy of various quinoline substitutions, hybrids, and electron-withdrawing groups against MTB H37Rv. Continued research is essential for developing potent, low-toxicity quinoline derivatives to combat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Owais
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026 (U.P.), India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026 (U.P.), India
| | - Syed Misbahul Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026 (U.P.), India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026 (U.P.), India
| | - Iqbal Azad
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026 (U.P.), India
| | - Arshad Hussain
- Harsha Institute of Pharmacy, Itaunja, Lucknow 226203, (U.P.), India
| | - Suvaiv
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026 (U.P.), India
| | - Mohd Akil
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026 (U.P.), India
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Kumar G, C A. Natural products and their analogues acting against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A recent update. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:779-804. [PMID: 37086027 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). It is responsible for significant causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. M.tb possesses robust defense mechanisms against most antibiotic drugs and host responses due to their complex cell membranes with unique lipid molecules. Thus, the efficacy of existing front-line drugs is diminishing, and new and recurring cases of TB arising from multidrug-resistant M.tb are increasing. TB begs the scientific community to explore novel therapeutic avenues. A precise knowledge of the compounds with their mode of action could aid in developing new anti-TB agents that can kill latent and actively multiplying M.tb. This can help in the shortening of the anti-TB regimen and can improve the outcome of treatment strategies. Natural products have contributed several antibiotics for TB treatment. The sources of anti-TB drugs/inhibitors discussed in this work are target-based identification/cell-based and phenotypic screening from natural products. Some of the recently identified natural products derived leads have reached clinical stages of TB drug development, which include rifapentine, CPZEN-45, spectinamide-1599 and 1810. We believe these anti-TB agents could emerge as superior therapeutic compounds to treat TB over known Food and Drug Administration drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amrutha C
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Chauhan A, Kumar M, Kumar A, Kanchan K. Comprehensive review on mechanism of action, resistance and evolution of antimycobacterial drugs. Life Sci 2021; 274:119301. [PMID: 33675895 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the deadliest infectious diseases existing in the world since ancient times and still possesses serious threat across the globe. Each year the number of cases increases due to high drug resistance shown by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Available antimycobacterial drugs have been classified as First line, Second line and Third line antibiotics depending on the time of their discoveries and their effectiveness in the treatment. These antibiotics have a broad range of targets ranging from cell wall to metabolic processes and their non-judicious and uncontrolled usage in the treatment for years has created a significant problem called multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. In this review, we have summarized the mechanism of action of all the classified antibiotics currently in use along with the resistance mechanisms acquired by Mtb. We have focused on the new drug candidates/repurposed drugs, and drug in combinations, which are in clinical trials for either treating the MDR tuberculosis more effectively or involved in reducing the time required for the chemotherapy of drug sensitive TB. This information is not discussed very adequately on a single platform. Additionally, we have discussed the recent technologies that are being used to discover novel resistance mechanisms acquired by Mtb and for exploring novel drugs. The story of intrinsic resistance mechanisms and evolution in Mtb is far from complete. Therefore, we have also discussed intrinsic resistance mechanisms of Mtb and their evolution with time, emphasizing the hope for the development of novel antimycobacterial drugs for effective therapy of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Bio Technology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Kajal Kanchan
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India.
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4
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Studies of novel bioprobes isolated from rare natural sources using mutant yeasts. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:579-589. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lemieux MR, Siricilla S, Mitachi K, Eslamimehr S, Wang Y, Yang D, Pressly JD, Kong Y, Park F, Franzblau SG, Kurosu M. An antimycobacterial pleuromutilin analogue effective against dormant bacilli. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4787-4796. [PMID: 30145051 PMCID: PMC6154393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pleuromutilin is a promising pharmacophore to design new antibacterial agents for Gram-positive bacteria. However, there are limited studies on the development of pleuromutilin analogues that inhibit growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In screening of our library of pleuromutilin derivatives, UT-800 (1) was identified to kill replicating- and non-replicating Mtb with the MIC values of 0.83 and 1.20 μg/mL, respectively. UT-800 also kills intracellular Mtb faster than rifampicin at 2× MIC concentrations. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that 1 has an oral bioavailability with an average F-value of 27.6%. Pleuromutilin may have the potential to be developed into an orally administered anti-TB drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddie R Lemieux
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163-0001, United States
| | - Shajila Siricilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163-0001, United States
| | - Katsuhiko Mitachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163-0001, United States
| | - Shakiba Eslamimehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163-0001, United States
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163-0001, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Pressly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163-0001, United States
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163-0001, United States
| | - Frank Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163-0001, United States
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Michio Kurosu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163-0001, United States.
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Kataev VE, Khaybullin RN, Garifullin BF, Sharipova RR. New Targets for Growth Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Why Do Natural Terpenoids Exhibit Antitubercular Activity? RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gold B, Nathan C. Targeting Phenotypically Tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5:10.1128/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0031-2016. [PMID: 28233509 PMCID: PMC5367488 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.tbtb2-0031-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While the immune system is credited with averting tuberculosis in billions of individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the immune system is also culpable for tempering the ability of antibiotics to deliver swift and durable cure of disease. In individuals afflicted with tuberculosis, host immunity produces diverse microenvironmental niches that support suboptimal growth, or complete growth arrest, of M. tuberculosis. The physiological state of nonreplication in bacteria is associated with phenotypic drug tolerance. Many of these host microenvironments, when modeled in vitro by carbon starvation, complete nutrient starvation, stationary phase, acidic pH, reactive nitrogen intermediates, hypoxia, biofilms, and withholding streptomycin from the streptomycin-addicted strain SS18b, render M. tuberculosis profoundly tolerant to many of the antibiotics that are given to tuberculosis patients in clinical settings. Targeting nonreplicating persisters is anticipated to reduce the duration of antibiotic treatment and rate of posttreatment relapse. Some promising drugs to treat tuberculosis, such as rifampin and bedaquiline, only kill nonreplicating M. tuberculosisin vitro at concentrations far greater than their minimal inhibitory concentrations against replicating bacilli. There is an urgent demand to identify which of the currently used antibiotics, and which of the molecules in academic and corporate screening collections, have potent bactericidal action on nonreplicating M. tuberculosis. With this goal, we review methods of high-throughput screening to target nonreplicating M. tuberculosis and methods to progress candidate molecules. A classification based on structures and putative targets of molecules that have been reported to kill nonreplicating M. tuberculosis revealed a rich diversity in pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Gold
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065
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8
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Abstract
The cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is unique in that it differs significantly from those of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The thick, carbohydrate- and lipid-rich cell wall with distinct lipoglycans enables mycobacteria to survive under hostile conditions such as shortage of nutrients and antimicrobial exposure. The key features of this highly complex cell wall are the mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP)-based and phosphatidyl-myo-inositol-based macromolecular structures, with the latter possessing potent immunomodulatory properties. These structures are crucial for the growth, viability, and virulence of M. tuberculosis and therefore are often the targets of effective chemotherapeutic agents against tuberculosis. Over the past decade, sophisticated genomic and molecular tools have advanced our understanding of the primary structure and biosynthesis of these macromolecules. The availability of the full genome sequences of various mycobacterial species, including M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium marinum, and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, have greatly facilitated the identification of large numbers of drug targets and antigens specific to tuberculosis. Techniques to manipulate mycobacteria have also improved extensively; the conditional expression-specialized transduction essentiality test (CESTET) is currently used to determine the essentiality of individual genes. Finally, various biosynthetic assays using either purified proteins or synthetic cell wall acceptors have been developed to study enzyme function. This article focuses on the recent advances in determining the structural details and biosynthesis of arabinogalactan, lipoarabinomannan, and related glycoconjugates.
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Abstract
Genetic strategies have yet to come into their own as tools for antibiotic development. While holding a lot of initial promise, they have only recently started to bear fruit in the quest for new drug targets. An ever-increasing body of knowledge is showing that genetics can lead to significant improvements in the success and efficiency of drug discovery. Techniques such as high-frequency transposon mutagenesis and expression modulation have matured and have been applied successfully not only to the identification and characterization of new targets, but also to their validation as tractable weaknesses of bacteria. Past experience shows that choosing targets must not rely on gene essentiality alone, but rather needs to incorporate knowledge of the system as a whole. The ability to manipulate genes and their expression is key to ensuring that we understand the entire set of processes that are affected by drug treatment. Focusing on exacerbating these perturbations, together with the identification of new targets to which resistance has not yet occurred--both enabled by genetic approaches--may point us toward the successful development of new combination therapies engineered based on underlying biology.
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10
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UDP-GlcNAc pathway: Potential target for inhibitor discovery against M. tuberculosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 83:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Teo ACK, Roper DI. Core Steps of Membrane-Bound Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis: Recent Advances, Insight and Opportunities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015; 4:495-520. [PMID: 27025638 PMCID: PMC4790310 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We are entering an era where the efficacy of current antibiotics is declining, due to the development and widespread dispersion of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. These factors highlight the need for novel antimicrobial discovery. A large number of antimicrobial natural products elicit their effect by directly targeting discrete areas of peptidoglycan metabolism. Many such natural products bind directly to the essential cell wall precursor Lipid II and its metabolites, i.e., preventing the utlisation of vital substrates by direct binding rather than inhibiting the metabolising enzymes themselves. Concurrently, there has been an increase in the knowledge surrounding the proteins essential to the metabolism of Lipid II at and across the cytoplasmic membrane. In this review, we draw these elements together and look to future antimicrobial opportunities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin C K Teo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - David I Roper
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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12
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The anti-tuberculosis agents under development and the challenges ahead. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1981-2003. [PMID: 26505682 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious health problem causing 1.5 million deaths worldwide. After the discovery of first-line anti-TB drugs, the mortality rate declined sharply, however, the emergence of drug-resistant strains and HIV co-infection have led to increased incidence of this disease. A number of new potential antitubercular drug candidates with novel modes of action have entered clinical trials in recent years. Compounds such as gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and linezolid, the already known antibiotics are currently being evaluated for their anti-TB activity. OPC-67683 and TMC207 have been approved for the treatment of MDR-TB patients recently, while PA-824, SQ109, PNU-100480, AZD5847, LL3858, SQ609, SQ641, BTZ043, DC-159a, CPZEN-45, Q-203, DNB1, TBA-354 are in various phases of clinical and preclinical developments. This review evaluates the current status of TB drug development and future aspects.
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D'Ambrosio L, Centis R, Sotgiu G, Pontali E, Spanevello A, Migliori GB. New anti-tuberculosis drugs and regimens: 2015 update. ERJ Open Res 2015; 1:00010-2015. [PMID: 27730131 PMCID: PMC5005131 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00010-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 480 000 cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) occur every year globally, 9% of them being affected by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The treatment of MDR/XDR-TB is unfortunately long, toxic and expensive, and the success rate largely unsatisfactory (<20% among cases with resistance patterns beyond XDR). The aim of this review is to summarise the available evidence-based updated international recommendations to manage MDR/XDR-TB, and to update the reader on the role of newly developed drugs (delamanid, bedaquiline and pretomanid) as well as repurposed drugs (linezolid and meropenem clavulanate, among others) used to treat these conditions within new regimens. A nonsystematic review based on historical trials results as well as on recent literature and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines has been performed, with special focus on the approach to managing MDR/XDR-TB. The new, innovative global public health interventions, recently approved by WHO and known as the “End TB Strategy”, support the vision of a TB-free world with zero death, disease and suffering due to TB. Adequate, universally accessed treatment is a pre-requisite to reach TB elimination. New shorter, cheap, safe and effective anti-TB regimens are necessary to boost TB elimination. The new WHO post-2015 End TB Strategy will support the efforts that research on new drugs and regimens requireshttp://ow.ly/LnJER
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia D'Ambrosio
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases, Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy; These authors contributed equally
| | - Rosella Centis
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases, Fondazione S. Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy; These authors contributed equally
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari - Research, Medical Education and Professional Development Unit, AOU Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pontali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- Pneumology Unit, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy; Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Mata-Espinosa D, Molina-Salinas GM, Barrios-Payán J, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Marquina B, Ramos-Espinosa O, Bini EI, Baeza I, Hernández-Pando R. Therapeutic efficacy of liposomes containing 4-(5-pentadecyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridine in a murine model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 32:7-14. [PMID: 25843004 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases and comprises a global public health concern because co-infection with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and, in particular, the continuous isolation of new Multidrug-resistant strains (MDR), rendering the discovery of novel anti-TB agents a strategic priority. One of the most effective first-line mycobactericidal drugs is Isoniazid (INH). Previously, we reported in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity against sensitive and MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of a new oxadiazole obtained from the hybridization of INH and palmitic acid. The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of liposomes including Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and L-α Phosphatidic acid (PA) or PC and Cholesterol (Chol) containing 4-(5-pentadecyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridine in BALB/c male mice infected by intratracheal (i.t.) route with drug-sensitive or MDR M. tuberculosis. METHODS The lipophilic 4-(5-pentadecyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridine was obtained to mix INH and palmitoyl chloride. The in vivo anti-TB effect of this oxadiazole derivative contained in two different liposomes was tested in BALB/c mice infected with a sensitive strain of M. tuberculosis, initiating treatment 2 months post-infection, by i.t. route, of 50 μg of oxadiazole derivative for 1 month. In a second stage, mice were infected with an MDR (resistant to first-line drugs) and treated with 150 μg of an oxadiazole derivative carried by PC + Chol liposomes for 2 months. The effect of the oxadiazole derivative in vivo was determined by the quantification of lung bacilli loads and histopathology. RESULTS In comparison with control animals, drug-sensitive, strain-infected mice treated for 1 month with 50 μg of this oxadiazole derivative contained in the liposomes of PC + Chol showed a significant, 80% decrease of live bacilli in lungs, which correlated with the morphometric observation, and the group of MDR clinical isolate-infected mice treated with 150 μg of the oxadiazole derivative contained in the same type of liposome showed significantly lower lung bacillary loads than control mice, producing 90% of bacilli burden reduction after 2 months of treatment. CONCLUSION These results confirm and extend the reported highly efficient anti-mycobacterial activity of this lipophilic oxidazole derivative when it is carried by liposomes in mice suffering from late progressive pulmonary TB induced by drug-sensitive, and most prominently by, MDR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Col. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Gloria María Molina-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Centro Médico Nacional Lic. Ignacio García Téllez, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Calle 41 No. 439, x 32 y 34, Col. Industrial, 97150 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Col. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Brenda Marquina
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Col. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Octavio Ramos-Espinosa
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Col. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Estela Isabel Bini
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Col. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Isabel Baeza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (INP), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, 11349 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Col. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080 México, D.F., Mexico.
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Sotgiu G, Pontali E, Centis R, D’Ambrosio L, Migliori GB. Delamanid (OPC-67683) for treatment of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:305-15. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1011127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nakaya T, Matsuda A, Ichikawa S. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 5′-C-piperidinyl-5′-O-aminoribosyluridines as potential antibacterial agents. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7720-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Caprazamycin analogues, which were designed and synthesized via an aza-Prins–Ritter reaction, exhibit a good MraY and antibacterial activity without cytotoxicity against human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nakaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0812
- Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0812
- Japan
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0812
- Japan
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery
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Siricilla S, Mitachi K, Wan B, Franzblau SG, Kurosu M. Discovery of a capuramycin analog that kills nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its synergistic effects with translocase I inhibitors. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 68:271-8. [PMID: 25269459 PMCID: PMC4382465 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Capuramycin (1) and its analogs are strong translocase I (MurX/MraY) inhibitors. In our SAR studies of capuramycin analogs against M. tuberculosis (Mtb), we observed for the first time that a capuramycin analog, UT-01320 (3) killed non-replicating (dormant) Mtb at low concentrations under low-oxygen conditions, whereas selective MurX inhibitors killed only replicating Mtb under aerobic conditions. Interestingly, 3 did not exhibit MurX enzyme inhibitory activity even at high concentrations, however, 3 inhibited bacterial RNA polymerases with the IC50 values of 100-150 nM range. A new RNA polymerase inhibitor 3 displayed strong synergistic effects with a MurX inhibitor SQ 641 (2), a promising preclinical TB drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajila Siricilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Mitachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bajoie Wan
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michio Kurosu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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18
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Singh S, Kaur G, Mangla V, Gupta MK. Quinoline and quinolones: promising scaffolds for future antimycobacterial agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:492-504. [PMID: 25032745 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.930454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major health concern worldwide. The increasing incidences of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) necessitate the development of new anti-TB drugs acting via novel mode of action. The search of newer drugs for TB led to the identification of several quinoline-based antimycobacterial agents against both the drug-sensitive and MDR-TB. These agents have been designed by substituting quinoline scaffold with diverse chemical functionalities as well as by modifying quinoline/quinolone-based antibacterial drugs. Several of quinoline/quinolone derivatives displayed excellent antimycobacterial activity and were found free of cytotoxicity. This review highlights the critical aspects of design and structure-activity relationship of quinoline- and quinolone-based antimycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Singh
- Molecular Modeling and Pharmacoinformatics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga, Punjab , India
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19
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Cheng Y, Moraski GC, Cramer J, Miller MJ, Schorey JS. Bactericidal activity of an imidazo[1, 2-a]pyridine using a mouse M. tuberculosis infection model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87483. [PMID: 24498115 PMCID: PMC3909116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a global threat due in part to the long treatment regimen and the increased prevalence of drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains. Therefore, new drug regimens are urgently required to combat this deadly disease. We previously synthesized and evaluated a series of new anti-tuberculosis compounds which belong to the family of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. This family of compounds showed low nM MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values against M. tuberculosis in vitro. In this study, a derivative of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, (N-(4-(4-chlorophenoxy)benzyl)-2,7-dimethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide) (ND-09759), was selected as a promising lead compound to determine its protective efficacy using a mouse infection model. Pharmacokinetic analysis of ND-09759 determined that at a dosage of 30 mg/kg mouse body weight (PO) gave a maximum serum drug concentration (Cmax) of 2.9 µg/ml and a half-life of 20.1 h. M. tuberculosis burden in the lungs and spleens was significantly decreased in mice treated once daily 6 days per week for 4-weeks with ND-09759 compared to untreated mice and this antibiotic activity was equivalent to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP), two first-line anti-TB drugs. We observed slightly higher efficacy when using a combination of ND-09759 with either INH or RMP. Finally, the histopathological analysis revealed that infected mice treated with ND-09759 had significantly reduced inflammation relative to untreated mice. In conclusion, our findings indicate ND-09759 might be a potent candidate for the treatment of active TB in combination with current standard anti-TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Garrett C. Moraski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Cramer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Marvin J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Schorey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Why are membrane targets discovered by phenotypic screens and genome sequencing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis? Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:569-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Biopharmaceutical in vitro characterization of CPZEN-45, a drug candidate for inhalation therapy of tuberculosis. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:915-23. [PMID: 23919471 DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The caprazamycin derivative, CPZEN-45 has previously demonstrated antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Here, the authors report a basic biopharmaceutical characterization of the compound focusing on in vitro permeability and cytotoxicity, with respect to the suitability of CPZEN-45 hydrochloride for inhalation treatment of tuberculosis. RESULTS MTT assays confirmed that CPZEN-45 HCl had no acute cytotoxic effects up to 3 mg/ml. In transport studies, apparent permeability coefficients of CPZEN-45 HCl across Calu-3 monolayers in absorptive and secretive directions were 0.43 ± 0.20 × 10(-6) cm/s and 0.38 ± 0.12 × 10(-6) cm/s, respectively. Across ATI-like monolayers, apparent permeability values were 12.10 ± 4.31 × 10(-6) cm/s and 8.50 ± 1.83 × 10(-6) cm/s. CPZEN-45 HCl formed colloidal complexes at concentrations above 0.38 mg/ml; however, these complexes were not micelles, as assessed by Orange OT encapsulation assay. CONCLUSION CPZEN-45 is an interesting new drug candidate with potential to be used in aerosol therapy of tuberculosis.
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22
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The DprE1 enzyme, one of the most vulnerable targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:8841-8. [PMID: 24037308 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The re-emergence of tuberculosis in recent years led the World Health Organization (WHO) to launch the Stop TB Strategy program. Beside repurposing the existing drugs and exploring novel molecular combinations, an essential step to face the burden of tuberculosis will be to develop new drugs by identifying vulnerable bacterial targets. Recent studies have focused on decaprenylphosphoryl-D-ribose oxidase (DprE1) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an essential enzyme involved in cell wall metabolism, for which new promising molecules have proved efficacy as antitubercular agents. This review summarizes the state of the art concerning DprE1 in terms of structure, enzymatic activity and inhibitors. This enzyme is emerging as one of the most vulnerable target in M. tuberculosis.
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Ishizaki Y, Hayashi C, Inoue K, Igarashi M, Takahashi Y, Pujari V, Crick DC, Brennan PJ, Nomoto A. Inhibition of the first step in synthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall core, catalyzed by the GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase WecA, by the novel caprazamycin derivative CPZEN-45. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:30309-30319. [PMID: 23986448 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.492173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Because tuberculosis is one of the most prevalent and serious infections, countermeasures against it are urgently required. We isolated the antitubercular agents caprazamycins from the culture of an actinomycete strain and created CPZEN-45 as the most promising derivative of the caprazamycins. Herein, we describe the mode of action of CPZEN-45 first against Bacillus subtilis. Unlike the caprazamycins, CPZEN-45 strongly inhibited incorporation of radiolabeled glycerol into growing cultures and showed antibacterial activity against caprazamycin-resistant strains, including a strain overexpressing translocase-I (MraY, involved in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan), the target of the caprazamycins. By contrast, CPZEN-45 was not effective against a strain overexpressing undecaprenyl-phosphate-GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase (TagO, involved in the biosynthesis of teichoic acid), and a mutation was found in the tagO gene of the spontaneous CPZEN-45-resistant strain. This suggested that the primary target of CPZEN-45 in B. subtilis is TagO, which is a different target from that of the parent caprazamycins. This suggestion was confirmed by evaluation of the activities of these enzymes. Finally, we showed that CPZEN-45 was effective against WecA (Rv1302, also called Rfe) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the ortholog of TagO and involved in the biosynthesis of the mycolylarabinogalactan of the cell wall of M. tuberculosis. The outlook for WecA as a promising target for the development of antituberculous drugs as a countermeasure of drug resistant tuberculosis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Ishizaki
- From the Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan,.
| | - Chigusa Hayashi
- From the Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Inoue
- From the Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Igarashi
- From the Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- the Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Hiyoshi, 3-34-17, Ida, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan, and
| | - Venugopal Pujari
- the Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682
| | - Dean C Crick
- the Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682
| | - Patrick J Brennan
- the Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1682
| | - Akio Nomoto
- From the Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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