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Das A, Agarwal P, Jain GK, Aggarwal G, Lather V, Pandita D. Repurposing drugs as novel triple negative breast cancer therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:515-550. [PMID: 34674627 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211021143255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among all the types of breast cancer (BC), triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form having high metastasis and recurrence rate with limited treatment options. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have lots of toxic side effects and also no FDA approved therapies are available till now. Repurposing of old clinically approved drugs towards various targets of TNBC is the new approach with lesser side effects and also leads to successful inexpensive drug development with less time consuming. Medicinal plants containg various phytoconstituents (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, essential oils, tanins, glycosides, lactones) plays very crucial role in combating various types of diseases and used in drug development process because of having lesser side effects. OBJECTIVE The present review focuses in summarization of various categories of repurposed drugs against multitarget of TNBC and also summarizes the phytochemical categories that targets TNBC singly or in combination with synthetic old drugs. METHODS Literature information was collected from various databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Medline to understand and clarify the role and mechanism of repurposed synthetic drugs and phytoconstituents aginst TNBC by using keywords like "breast cancer", "repurposed drugs", "TNBC" and "phytoconstituents". RESULTS Various repurposed drugs and phytochemicals targeting different signaling pathways that exerts their cytotoxic activities on TNBC cells ultimately leads to apoptosis of cells and also lowers the recurrence rate and stops the metastasis process. CONCLUSION Inhibitory effects seen in different levels, which provides information and evidences to researchers towards drug developments process and thus further more investigations and researches need to be taken to get the better therapeutic treatment options against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Pallavi Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
| | - Viney Lather
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313. India
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, 110017. India
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2
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Lee J, Hwang JH, Chun H, Woo W, Oh S, Choi J, Kim LK. PLEKHA8P1 Promotes Tumor Progression and Indicates Poor Prognosis of Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7614. [PMID: 34299245 PMCID: PMC8304620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) records the second-lowest 5-year survival rate despite the avalanche of research into diagnosis and therapy. One of the major obstacles in treatment is chemoresistance to drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), making identification and elucidation of chemoresistance regulators highly valuable. As the regulatory landscape grows to encompass non-coding genes such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a relatively new class of lncRNA has emerged in the form of pseudogene-derived lncRNAs. Through bioinformatics analyses of the TCGA LIHC dataset, we have systematically identified pseudogenes of prognostic value. Initial experimental validation of selected pseudogene-derived lncRNA (PLEKHA8P1) and its parental gene (PLEKHA8), a well-studied transport protein in Golgi complex recently implicated as an oncogene in both colorectal and liver cancer, indicates that the pseudogene/parental gene pair promotes tumor progression and that their dysregulated expression levels affect 5-FU-induced chemoresistance in human HCC cell line FT3-7. Our study has thus confirmed cancer-related functions of PLEKHA8, and laid the groundwork for identification and validation of oncogenic pseudogene-derived lncRNA that shows potential as a novel therapeutic target in circumventing chemoresistance induced by 5-FU.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Computational Biology/methods
- Databases, Genetic
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Prognosis
- Pseudogenes
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (J.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Ji-Hyun Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Harim Chun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Wonjin Woo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (J.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Sekyung Oh
- Department of Medical Science, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 22711, Korea;
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (J.L.); (W.W.)
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Spini A, Donnini S, Pantziarka P, Crispino S, Ziche M. Repurposing of drugs for triple negative breast cancer: an overview. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1071. [PMID: 32728387 PMCID: PMC7373643 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer among women in the world and it remains a leading cause of cancer death in women globally. Among BCs, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive, and for its histochemical and molecular characteristics is also the one whose therapeutic opportunities are most limited. The REpurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO) project investigates the potential use of off patent non-cancer drugs as sources of new cancer therapies. Repurposing of old non-cancer drugs, clinically approved, off patent and with known targets into oncological indications, offers potentially cheaper effective and safe drugs. In line with this project, this article describes a comprehensive overview of preclinical or clinical evidence of drugs included in the ReDO database and/or PubMed for repurposing as anticancer drugs into TNBC therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Spini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.,Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Crispino
- Anticancer Fund, Strombeek Bever 1853, Belgium.,ASSO, Siena, Italy
| | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
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4
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Abstract
Breast cancer has a high incidence worldwide. The results of substantial studis reveal that inflammation plays an important role in the initiation, development, and aggressiveness of many malignancies. The use of celecoxib, a novel NSAID, is repetitively associated with the reduced risk of the occurrence and progression of a number of types of cancer, particularly breast cancer. This observation is also substantiated by various meta-analyses. Clinical trials have been implemented on integration treatment of celecoxib and shown encouraging results. Celecoxib could be treated as a potential candidate for antitumor agent. There are, nonetheless, some unaddressed questions concerning the precise mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of celecoxib as well as its activity against different types of cancer. In this review, we discuss different mechanisms of anticancer effect of celecoxib as well as preclinical/clinical results signifying this beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqing Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China.,Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles,CA, USA, ;
| | - Qiongyu Hao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles,CA, USA, ;
| | - Wei Cao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles,CA, USA, ; .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jaydutt V Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles,CA, USA, ; .,David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ;
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles,CA, USA, ; .,David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ;
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5
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Lu Y, Liu LL, Liu SS, Fang ZG, Zou Y, Deng XB, Long ZJ, Liu Q, Lin DJ. Celecoxib suppresses autophagy and enhances cytotoxicity of imatinib in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells. J Transl Med 2016; 14:270. [PMID: 27645552 PMCID: PMC5029099 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematological stem cell disorder. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard treatments for CML, but a number of patients fail to respond effectively due to gene mutations. Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, has been shown to have anti-tumor effect on solid tumor whereas the anti-CML effect and its underlying mechanism have not been completely elucidated. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of celecoxib and/or imatinib were evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution was examined by propidium iodide (PI) assay. Apoptosis or necrosis was analyzed by Annexin-V/PI, Hoechst 33342 staining and Western blot assays. Autophagy suppression effect of celecoxib was examined by Western blot and LysoTracker probe labelling. Lysosensor probe labelling was used to detect the effect of celecoxib on the lysosomal function. RESULTS In this study, we found that celecoxib had therapy efficacy in KBM5 and imatinib-resistant KBM5-T315I CML cell lines. Celecoxib caused significant cytotoxic effect in both cell lines, especially in KBM5-T315I cells exposed to celecoxib for 72 h. Moreover, celecoxib induced necrosis and apoptosis while inhibited autophagy in CML cell lines and patient samples. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that celecoxib prevented the autophagic flux by inhibiting lysosome function. Celecoxib was tested in combination with imatinib, demonstrating that celecoxib could strengthen the cytotoxicity of imatinib in imatinib-resistant CML cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that celecoxib had therapy efficacy on CML cells. And it is first time to demonstrate that celecoxib is an autophagy suppresser and a combination of celecoxib and imatinib might be a promising new therapeutic strategy for imatinib-resistant CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shou-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of VIP Region, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Fang
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Bin Deng
- Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Jie Long
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Jun Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Hematology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Bozza WP, Zhang Y, Hallett K, Rivera Rosado LA, Zhang B. RhoGDI deficiency induces constitutive activation of Rho GTPases and COX-2 pathways in association with breast cancer progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32723-36. [PMID: 26416248 PMCID: PMC4741725 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP Dissociation Inhibitor (RhoGDI) is a key regulator of Rho GTPases. Here we report that loss of RhoGDI significantly accelerated xenograft tumor growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in animal models. At the molecular level, RhoGDI depletion resulted in constitutive activation of Rho GTPases, including RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1. This was accompanied by Rho GTPase translocation from the cytosol to membrane compartments. Notably, COX-2 protein levels, mRNA expression, and biological activity were markedly increased in RhoGDI-deficient cells. The upregulated expression of COX-2 was directly associated with increased Rho GTPase activity. Further, we assessed the expression level of RhoGDI protein in breast tumor specimens (n = 165) by immunohistochemistry. We found that RhoGDI expression is higher in the early stages of breast cancer followed by a significant decrease in malignant tumors and metastatic lesions (p < 0.01). These data suggest that downregulation of RhoGDI could be a critical mechanism of breast tumor development, which may involve the hyperactivation of Rho GTPases and upregulation of COX-2 activity. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting Rho GTPases and COX-2 for treating breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Bozza
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kory Hallett
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Leslie A Rivera Rosado
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.,United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Baolin Zhang
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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7
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Schwab RB, Kato S, Crain B, Pu M, Messer K, Weidner N, Blair SL, Wallace AM, Carson DA, Parker BA. A window-of-opportunity biomarker study of etodolac in resectable breast cancer. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1583-8. [PMID: 26275572 PMCID: PMC4618628 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational data show that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is associated with a lower rate of breast cancer. We evaluated the effect of etodolac, an FDA-approved NSAID reported to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR), on rationally identified potential biomarkers in breast cancer. Patients with resectable breast cancer planned for initial management with surgical resection were enrolled and took 400 mg of etodolac twice daily prior to surgery. Protein and gene expression levels for genes related to COX-2 and RXRα were evaluated in tumor samples from before and after etodolac exposure. Thirty subjects received etodolac and 17 subjects were assayed as contemporaneous or opportunistic controls. After etodolac exposure mean cyclin D1 protein levels, assayed by immunohistochemistry, decreased (P = 0.03). Notably, pre- versus post cyclin D1 gene expression change went from positive to negative with greater duration of etodolac exposure (r = −0.64, P = 0.01). Additionally, etodolac exposure was associated with a significant increase in COX-2 gene expression levels (fold change: 3.25 [95% CI: 1.9, 5.55]) and a trend toward increased β-catenin expression (fold change: 2.03 [95% CI: 0.93, 4.47]). In resectable breast cancer relatively brief exposure to the NSAID etodolac was associated with reduced cyclin D1 protein levels. Effect was also observed on cyclin D1 gene expression with decreasing levels with longer durations of drug exposure. Increased COX-2 gene expression was seen, possibly due to compensatory feedback. These data highlight the utility of even small clinical trials with access to biospecimens for pharmacodynamic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Schwab
- Department of Medicine, U.C. San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Shumei Kato
- Department of Medicine, U.C. San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Brian Crain
- Department of Medicine, U.C. San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Minya Pu
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Department of Family & Preventative Medicine, U.C. San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Karen Messer
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Department of Family & Preventative Medicine, U.C. San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Noel Weidner
- Department of Pathology, U.C. San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Sarah L Blair
- Department of Surgery, U.C. San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Anne M Wallace
- Department of Surgery, U.C. San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Dennis A Carson
- Department of Medicine, U.C. San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Barbara A Parker
- Department of Medicine, U.C. San Diego Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, California, 92093
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8
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Kast RE, Karpel-Massler G, Halatsch ME. CUSP9* treatment protocol for recurrent glioblastoma: aprepitant, artesunate, auranofin, captopril, celecoxib, disulfiram, itraconazole, ritonavir, sertraline augmenting continuous low dose temozolomide. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8052-82. [PMID: 25211298 PMCID: PMC4226667 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CUSP9 treatment protocol for recurrent glioblastoma was published one year ago. We now present a slight modification, designated CUSP9*. CUSP9* drugs--aprepitant, artesunate, auranofin, captopril, celecoxib, disulfiram, itraconazole, sertraline, ritonavir, are all widely approved by regulatory authorities, marketed for non-cancer indications. Each drug inhibits one or more important growth-enhancing pathways used by glioblastoma. By blocking survival paths, the aim is to render temozolomide, the current standard cytotoxic drug used in primary glioblastoma treatment, more effective. Although esthetically unpleasing to use so many drugs at once, the closely similar drugs of the original CUSP9 used together have been well-tolerated when given on a compassionate-use basis in the cases that have come to our attention so far. We expect similarly good tolerability for CUSP9*. The combined action of this suite of drugs blocks signaling at, or the activity of, AKT phosphorylation, aldehyde dehydrogenase, angiotensin converting enzyme, carbonic anhydrase -2,- 9, -12, cyclooxygenase-1 and -2, cathepsin B, Hedgehog, interleukin-6, 5-lipoxygenase, matrix metalloproteinase -2 and -9, mammalian target of rapamycin, neurokinin-1, p-gp efflux pump, thioredoxin reductase, tissue factor, 20 kDa translationally controlled tumor protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor. We believe that given the current prognosis after a glioblastoma has recurred, a trial of CUSP9* is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- University of Ulm, Department of Neurosurgery, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc-Eric Halatsch
- University of Ulm, Department of Neurosurgery, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
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9
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Bowers LW, deGraffenried LA. Targeting the COX-2 Pathway to Improve Therapeutic Response in the Obese Breast Cancer Patient Population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:336-345. [PMID: 26442202 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated that obesity is associated with a worse outcome for all breast cancer subtypes and that obese breast cancer patients do not respond as well as normal weight patients to aromatase inhibitor treatment and chemotherapy. While a number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain this link, recent studies have provided evidence that elevated local cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the resulting increase in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production may play an important role. COX-2 upregulation in breast tumors is associated with a poor prognosis, a connection generally attributed to PGE2's direct effects on apoptosis and invasion as well as its stimulation of pre-adipocyte aromatase expression and subsequent estrogen production. Research in this area has provided a strong foundation for the hypothesis that COX-2 signaling is involved in the obesity-breast cancer link, and further study regarding the role of COX-2 in this link is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, R1800, Austin, TX 78723
| | - Linda A deGraffenried
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, R1800, Austin, TX 78723
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10
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Babyshkina N, Malinovskaya E, Patalyak S, Bragina O, Tarabanovskaya N, Doroshenko A, Slonimskaya E, Perelmuter V, Cherdyntseva N. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for different molecular breast cancer subtypes: a retrospective study in Russian population. Med Oncol 2014; 31:165. [PMID: 25139196 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the objective clinical response (cOR), pathological complete response (pCR), and progression-free survival (PFS) in 231 Russian patients with four subtypes of breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. About 130 (56.3 %) patients received anthracycline-based, 56 (24.2 %) capecitabine-containing (CAX), 28 (12.1 %) taxotere and 17 (7.4 %) non-anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens at the Tomsk Cancer Research Institute between 2000 and 2010. Tumors were subtyped according to the hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemical data. The majority of tumors (48.9 %) were ER+/PR+ and HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-), 10.4 % were ER+ PR+ and HER2-positive (HR+/HER2+), 9.1 % were ER-/PR- and HER2-overexpressed (HER2-enriched) and 31.6 % were ER-/PR- and HER2-negative (triple negative). Both cOR and pCR were significantly higher in the triple-negative tumors compared to the other subtypes (P = 0.021 and P = 0.033, respectively). Among the four chemotherapy regimens, only CAX regimen had a predictive value for cOR (HR 2.30, 95 % CI 1.16-4.58, P = 0.009). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the triple-negative subtype (HR 2.54, 95 % CI 1.06-1.42, P = 0.011) and CAX regimen (HR 3.01, 95 % CI 1.01-1.46, P = 0.002) were significantly associated with cOR. No association between patient's PFS and a tumor subtype was observed. However, there was a trend for a prolonged PFS among patients with cOR (P = 0.056). Our data indicate a potentially better prognosis for triple-negative breast cancer patients if treated with the CAX neoadjuvant regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Babyshkina
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Kooperativny Street, Tomsk, 634050, Russian,
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11
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Liposomes, modified with PTDHIV-1 peptide, containing epirubicin and celecoxib, to target vasculogenic mimicry channels in invasive breast cancer. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7610-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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12
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Gao J, Yan Q, Liu S, Yang X. Knockdown of EpCAM enhances the chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by downregulating the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102590. [PMID: 25019346 PMCID: PMC4097402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy is the main reason for the failure of cancer treatment, and drug resistance is associated with an inability of tumor cells to undergo apoptosis in response to treatment. Alterations in the expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) affect the sensitivity or resistance of tumor cells to anticancer treatment and the activity of intracellular signaling pathways. However, the role of EpCAM in the induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of EpCAM gene knockdown on chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in MCF-7 cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that knockdown of EpCAM promoted apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation and caused cell-cycle arrest. EpCAM knockdown enhanced the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU, promoting apoptosis by downregulating the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and upregulating the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, and caspase3 via the ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK signaling pathways in MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that knockdown of EpCAM may have a tumor suppressor effect and suggest EpCAM as a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiujiao Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Houédé N, Pourquier P. Targeting the genetic alterations of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway: its potential use in the treatment of bladder cancers. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 145:1-18. [PMID: 24929024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is the most frequent tumor of the urinary tract and represents the fifth cause of death by cancer worldwide. The current first line chemotherapy is a combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine with median survival not exceeding 15months. Vinflunine is the only drug approved by EMEA as second-line treatment and few progresses have been made for the past 20years to increase the survival of metastatic patients, especially those who are not eligible for cisplatin-based regimen. The recent studies characterizing the genetic background of urothelial cancers of the bladder, revealed chromosomal alterations that are not seen at the same level in other types of cancers. This is especially the case for mutations of genes involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway that occupies a major place in the etiology of these tumors. Here, we describe the mutations leading to constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and discuss the potential use of the different classes of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of urothelial bladder cancers. Despite the recent pivotal study evidencing specific mutations of TSC1 in bladder cancer patients responding to everolimus and the encouraging results obtained with other derivatives than rapalogs, few clinical trials are ongoing in bladder cancers. Because of the genetic complexity of these tumors, the cross-talks of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with other pathways, and the small number of eligible patients, it will be of utmost importance to carefully choose the drugs or drug combinations to be further tested in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Houédé
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, France; INSERM U896, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier & Université de Montpellier 1, France.
| | - Philippe Pourquier
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, France; INSERM U896, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier & Université de Montpellier 1, France
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14
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Sui W, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang Z, Jia Q, Wu L, Zhang W. Antitumor effect of a selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, may be attributed to angiogenesis inhibition through modulating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt/HIF-1 pathway in an H₂₂ murine hepatocarcinoma model. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2252-60. [PMID: 24647425 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, has recently been shown to affect the development of different types of cancer. The present study utilized a murine H22 hepatocarcinoma model to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in celecoxib-induced inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into five groups: i) control; ii) low-dose celecoxib (50 mg/kg); iii) high-dose celecoxib (200 mg/kg); iv) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), (20 mg/kg) and v) combination of 5-FU and celecoxib (50 mg/kg). The antitumor effect of celecoxib was determined by measuring tumor volume. Tumor angiogenesis was evaluated by microvessel density (MVD). Tumor histology and immunostaining for CD34 in endothelial cells were performed to detect MVD. The expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phospho‑Akt (P-Akt), COX-2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) were detected by ELISA, immunohistochemistry and western blotting, respectively. We discovered substantial growth delay in murine H22 hepatoma as a result of celecoxib treatment. The inhibition rate of tumor growth induced by high-dose and low-dose celecoxib was 49.3 and 37.0%, respectively (P<0.05). The expression of PI3K, P-Akt, COX-2, HIF-1α, VEGF-A and PTEN in tumor tissues treated with celecoxib was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, and the MVD was decreased in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Reduced PI3K and P-Akt was particularly apparent in the high-dose celecoxib group (P<0.05). ELISA and western blotting data showed that the expression of PI3K, P-Akt, COX-2, HIF-1α and VEGF-A were reduced and PTEN was increased after treatment with celecoxib. In conclusion, the impact of celecoxib-induced tumor growth delay of murine H22 hepatocarcinoma may correlate with the inhibition of angiogenesis by reducing PI3K, P-Akt, COX-2, HIF-1α and VEGF-A expression and increasing PTEN expression in tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Sui
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yueying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qing Jia
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Licun Wu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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15
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Pan Y, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH. Pathway analysis for drug repositioning based on public database mining. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:407-18. [PMID: 24460210 PMCID: PMC3956470 DOI: 10.1021/ci4005354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Sixteen FDA-approved
drugs were investigated to elucidate their
mechanisms of action (MOAs) and clinical functions by pathway analysis
based on retrieved drug targets interacting with or affected by the
investigated drugs. Protein and gene targets and associated pathways
were obtained by data-mining of public databases including the MMDB,
PubChem BioAssay, GEO DataSets, and the BioSystems databases. Entrez
E-Utilities were applied, and in-house Ruby scripts were developed
for data retrieval and pathway analysis to identify and evaluate relevant
pathways common to the retrieved drug targets. Pathways pertinent
to clinical uses or MOAs were obtained for most drugs. Interestingly,
some drugs identified pathways responsible for other diseases than
their current therapeutic uses, and these pathways were verified retrospectively
by in vitro tests, in vivo tests, or clinical trials. The pathway
enrichment analysis based on drug target information from public databases
could provide a novel approach for elucidating drug MOAs and repositioning,
therefore benefiting the discovery of new therapeutic treatments for
diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Pan
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health , 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, United States
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Acceptable cardiac safety profile of neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and celecoxib (FEC-C) for breast cancer: a subanalysis of biomarkers for cardiac injury. Int J Biol Markers 2013; 28:E92-9. [PMID: 23592005 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES This substudy aimed to examine the changes in biomarkers for cardiac injury in patients who received neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide with concurrent celecoxib (FEC-C). METHODS Thirty-four female patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced breast cancer preoperatively received 3 cycles of FEC-C (500 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, 75 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, 500 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) with concurrent celecoxib (400 mg bid). Blood samples were drawn from patients on day (D) 0, D3, D21, D42, and D63 (end of therapy), and the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and plasma levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal prohormone brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured with commercially available test kits. RESULTS All patients tolerated this regimen well. Neither life-threatening toxicity nor clinical symptoms of cardiac damage were observed. Serum LDH increased significantly from baseline after 3 cycles of FEC-C (p<0.0001), but the change was possibly brought about by chemotherapy-induced liver derangement. However, NT-proBNP decreased significantly (p=0.009), while cTnI increased nonsignificantly (p=0.078) after 3 cycles of FEC-C compared to baseline, although this increase was still regarded as normal. CONCLUSIONS Short-term use of the FEC-C regimen has proven to be effective in locally advanced breast cancer, with an acceptable cardiac safety profile.
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