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Li Y, Yang H, Zhao X, Zhao X, Quan J, Wang L, Ma E, Ma C. Discovery of novel pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-3,11-dione (PBD) derivatives as selective HDAC6 inhibitors for the efficient treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116608. [PMID: 38905805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by a progressive fibrotic phenotype. Immunohistochemical studies on HDAC6 overexpression in IPF lung tissues confirmed that IPF is associated with aberrant HDAC6 activity. We herein developed a series of novel HDAC6 inhibitors that can be used as potential pharmacological tools for IPF treatment. The best-performing derivative H10 showed good selectivity for multiple isoforms of the HDAC family. The structural analysis and structure-activity relationship studies of H10 will contribute to optimizing the binding mode of the new molecules. The pharmacological mechanism of H10 to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis was validated, and its ability to inhibit the IPF phenotype was also demonstrated. Moreover, H10 showed satisfactory metabolic stability. The efficacy of H10 was also determined in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The results highlighted in this paper may provide a reference for the identification of new drug molecules for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jishun Quan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Enlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Kadam AH, Schnitzer JE. Insights into Disease Progression of Translational Preclinical Rat Model of Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis through Endpoint Analysis. Cells 2024; 13:515. [PMID: 38534359 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease characterized by the relentless deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), causing lung distortions and dysfunction. Animal models of human IPF can provide great insight into the mechanistic pathways underlying disease progression and a means for evaluating novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we describe the effect of bleomycin concentration on disease progression in the classical rat bleomycin model. In a dose-response study (1.5, 2, 2.5 U/kg i.t), we characterized lung fibrosis at day 14 after bleomycin challenge using endpoints including clinical signs, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen content, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid-soluble profibrotic mediators. Furthermore, we investigated fibrotic disease progression after 2 U/kg i.t. bleomycin administration at days 3, 7, and 14 by quantifying the expression of clinically relevant signaling molecules and pathways, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, ECM components, and histopathology of the lung. A single bleomycin challenge resulted in a progressive fibrotic response in rat lung tissue over 14 days based on lung collagen content, histopathological changes, and modified Ashcroft score. The early fibrogenesis phase (days 3 to 7) is associated with an increase in profibrotic mediators including TGFβ1, IL6, TNFα, IL1β, CINC1, WISP1, VEGF, and TIMP1. In the mid and late fibrotic stages, the TGFβ/Smad and PDGF/AKT signaling pathways are involved, and clinically relevant proteins targeting galectin-3, LPA1, transglutaminase-2, and lysyl oxidase 2 are upregulated on days 7 and 14. Between days 7 and 14, the expressions of vimentin and α-SMA proteins increase, which is a sign of EMT activation. We confirmed ECM formation by increased expressions of procollagen-1Aα, procollagen-3Aα, fibronectin, and CTGF in the lung on days 7 and 14. Our data provide insights on a complex network of several soluble mediators, clinically relevant signaling pathways, and target proteins that contribute to drive the progressive fibrotic phenotype from the early to late phase (active) in the rat bleomycin model. The framework of endpoints of our study highlights the translational value for pharmacological interventions and mechanistic studies using this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil H Kadam
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), 505 Coast Blvd. South, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jan E Schnitzer
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), 505 Coast Blvd. South, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Wang Y, Hu S, Shen L, Liu S, Wan L, Yang S, Hou M, Tian X, Zhang H, Xu KF. Dynamic Observation of Autophagy and Transcriptome Profiles in a Mouse Model of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:664913. [PMID: 34395518 PMCID: PMC8358296 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.664913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a group of progressive, fibrotic, and fatal lung diseases, and the role of autophagy in pulmonary fibrosis is controversial. In the current research, we dynamically observed a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and investigated the expression of autophagy markers. We found that autophagy markers were not significantly changed on the indicated days in the mouse lung tissue. Then, RNA-Seq was used to analyze the gene expression and associated functions and pathways in fibrotic lung tissue on different days post-bleomycin. In addition, short time series expression miner (STEM) analysis was performed to explore the temporal post-bleomycin gene expression. Through STEM, continually up- or downregulated profiles did not demonstrate the critical role of autophagy in the development of fibrosis. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) annotations showed that continually upregulated profiles were mainly related to fibrosis synthesis, extracellular space, and inflammation, while enriched pathways were mainly related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interactions, and focal adhesion signaling pathway. For continually downregulated profiles, GO annotations mainly involved sarcomere organization, muscle contraction, and muscle fiber development. The enriched KEGG signaling pathways were the cAMP signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and cardiac muscle contraction. Moreover, we analyzed autophagy-related genes' expression in specific cells from a publicly available database of three human and one animal study of pulmonary fibrosis using single-cell sequencing technology. All results consistently demonstrated no critical role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. In summary, autophagy may not critically and consistently change during the development of pulmonary fibrosis at different stages post-bleomycin in a mouse model. These continually up- or downregulated profiles, including gene profiles, and the corresponding functions and pathways may provide mechanistic insights into IPF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Liu
- Medical Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linyan Wan
- Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Hou
- Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlun Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Feng Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Campiani G, Cavella C, Osko JD, Brindisi M, Relitti N, Brogi S, Saraswati AP, Federico S, Chemi G, Maramai S, Carullo G, Jaeger B, Carleo A, Benedetti R, Sarno F, Lamponi S, Rottoli P, Bargagli E, Bertucci C, Tedesco D, Herp D, Senger J, Ruberti G, Saccoccia F, Saponara S, Gorelli B, Valoti M, Kennedy B, Sundaramurthi H, Butini S, Jung M, Roach KM, Altucci L, Bradding P, Christianson DW, Gemma S, Prasse A. Harnessing the Role of HDAC6 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Design, Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9960-9988. [PMID: 34251197 PMCID: PMC8300879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by a progressive-fibrosing phenotype. IPF has been associated with aberrant HDAC activities confirmed by our immunohistochemistry studies on HDAC6 overexpression in IPF lung tissues. We herein developed a series of novel hHDAC6 inhibitors, having low inhibitory potency over hHDAC1 and hHDAC8, as potential pharmacological tools for IPF treatment. Their inhibitory potency was combined with low in vitro and in vivo toxicity. Structural analysis of 6h and structure-activity relationship studies contributed to the optimization of the binding mode of the new molecules. The best-performing analogues were tested for their efficacy in inhibiting fibrotic sphere formation and cell viability, proving their capability in reverting the IPF phenotype. The efficacy of analogue 6h was also determined in a validated human lung model of TGF-β1-dependent fibrogenesis. The results highlighted in this manuscript may pave the way for the identification of first-in-class molecules for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Campiani
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Cavella
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jeremy D. Osko
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Prasanth Saraswati
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Federico
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemi
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Samuele Maramai
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Benedikt Jaeger
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Alfonso Carleo
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Rottoli
- University of Siena, Specialization School of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Centro didattico Le Scotte, , 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- University of Siena, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases Unit, AOUS, Centro didattico Le Scotte, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Bertucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Daniel Herp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Senger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Fulvio Saccoccia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Breándan Kennedy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Husvinee Sundaramurthi
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefania Butini
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katy M. Roach
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK, Institute of Lung Health and NIHR Leicester BRC-Respiratory, LE5 4PW, Leicester, UK
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK, Institute of Lung Health and NIHR Leicester BRC-Respiratory, LE5 4PW, Leicester, UK
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sandra Gemma
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antje Prasse
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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Lin R, Zhang Z, Cao S, Yang W, Zuo Y, Yang X, Zhang J, Xu J, Li J, Wang X. The development of HEC-866 and its analogues for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1222-1231. [PMID: 34355186 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with a typical survival time between three to five years. Two drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib have been approved for the treatment of IPF, but they have limited efficacy. Thus, the development of new drugs to treat IPF is an urgent medical need. In this paper we report the discovery of a series of orally active pyrimidin-4(3H)-one analogs which exhibit potent activity in in vitro assays. Among them, HEC-866 showed promising efficacy in rat IPF models. Since HEC-866 also had good oral bioavailability, a long half-life and favorable long-term safety profiles, it was selected for further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, HEC Pharma. Co. Ltd. Shangsha Fifth Industrial Park Dongguan 523871 Guangdong China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, HEC Pharma. Co. Ltd. Shangsha Fifth Industrial Park Dongguan 523871 Guangdong China
| | - Shengtian Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, HEC Pharma. Co. Ltd. Shangsha Fifth Industrial Park Dongguan 523871 Guangdong China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, HEC Pharma. Co. Ltd. Shangsha Fifth Industrial Park Dongguan 523871 Guangdong China
| | - Yinglin Zuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, HEC Pharma. Co. Ltd. Shangsha Fifth Industrial Park Dongguan 523871 Guangdong China
| | - Xinye Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, HEC Pharma. Co. Ltd. Shangsha Fifth Industrial Park Dongguan 523871 Guangdong China
| | - Jiancun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, HEC Pharma. Co. Ltd. Shangsha Fifth Industrial Park Dongguan 523871 Guangdong China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, HEC Pharma. Co. Ltd. Shangsha Fifth Industrial Park Dongguan 523871 Guangdong China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, HEC Pharma. Co. Ltd. Shangsha Fifth Industrial Park Dongguan 523871 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, HEC Pharma. Co. Ltd. Shangsha Fifth Industrial Park Dongguan 523871 Guangdong China
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Forte G, Bocca B, Pisano A, Collu C, Farace C, Sabalic A, Senofonte M, Fois AG, Mazzarello VL, Pirina P, Madeddu R. The levels of trace elements in sputum as biomarkers for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129514. [PMID: 33434828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare lung disease that quickly leads to death. This paper addressed the issue of whether the levels of trace elements in sputum samples are suitable biomarkers for IPF disease. The sputum Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were measured by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in populations sampled in Sardinia Island (Italy) including 31 patients with IPF, 31 patients with other lung-related diseases and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Risk factors in the disease as gender, age, severity and duration of the disease were assessed. Results showed that IPF patients had significantly increased sputum levels of Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb respect to controls. In males, but not in females, sputum levels of Cd, Cr and Cu were significantly higher in IPF cases respect to controls. In addition, Cr and Pb were increased in male patients with IPF compared to male patients with other lung diseases. Regarding Zn, it was found higher with the more serious stage of disease. Moreover, the ratios Cu/Zn, Fe/Mn and Cu/Mn were significantly increased in IPF patients and in non-IPF patients than in control subjects. These data showed clear increases in the concentration of some trace elements in sputum from patients with IPF and patients with other lung-related diseases that may contribute to the injury. The non-invasiveness of the sputum analysis is beneficial for its use as biomarker of trace element status in diseased patients for both the researcher and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Forte
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute for Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute for Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pisano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Collu
- Department of Clinical, Surgical & Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Cristiano Farace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angela Sabalic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marta Senofonte
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute for Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Pietro Pirina
- Department of Clinical, Surgical & Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Lukey PT, Coello C, Gunn R, Parker C, Wilson FJ, Saleem A, Garman N, Costa M, Kendrick S, Onega M, Kang'ombe AR, Listanco A, Davies J, Ramada-Magalhaes J, Moz S, Fahy WA, Maher TM, Jenkins G, Passchier J, Marshall RP. Clinical quantification of the integrin αvβ6 by [ 18F]FB-A20FMDV2 positron emission tomography in healthy and fibrotic human lung (PETAL Study). Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:967-979. [PMID: 31814068 PMCID: PMC7075837 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The RGD-integrin, αvβ6, plays a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis through activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). This study sought to quantify expression of αvβ6 in the lungs of healthy humans and subjects with pulmonary fibrosis using the αvβ6-selective [18F]FB-A20FMDV2 PET ligand. METHODS [18F]FB-A20FMDV2 PET/CT scans were performed in healthy subjects and those with fibrotic lung disease. Standard uptake values (SUV) and volume of distribution (VT) were used to quantify αvβ6 expression. In subjects with fibrotic lung disease, qualitative assessment of the relationship between αvβ6 expression and the distribution of fibrosis on high resolution computed tomography was conducted. RESULTS A total of 15 participants (6 healthy, 7 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 2 with connective tissue disease (CTD) associated PF) were enrolled. VT and SUV of [18F]FB-A20FMDV2 were increased in the lungs of subjects with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) compared with healthy subjects. Geometric mean VT (95% CI) was 0.88 (0.60, 1.29) mL/cm3 for healthy subjects, and 1.40 (1.22, 1.61) mL/cm3 for subjects with IPF; and SUV was 0.54 (0.36, 0.81) g/mL for healthy subjects and 1.03 (0.86, 1.22) g/mL for subjects with IPF. The IPF/healthy VT ratio (geometric mean, (95% CI of ratio)) was 1.59 (1.09, 2.32) (probability ratio > 1 = 0.988)) and the SUV ratio was 1.91 (1.27, 2.87) (probability ratio > 1 = 0.996). Increased uptake of [18F]FB-A20FMDV2 in PF was predominantly confined to fibrotic areas. [18F]FB-A20FMDV2 measurements were reproducible at an interval of 2 weeks. [18F]FB-A20FMDV2 was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Lung uptake of [18F]FB-A20FMDV2, a measure of expression of the integrin αvβ6, was markedly increased in subjects with PF compared with healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline T Lukey
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Brentford, UK.
- Target to Treatment Consulting Ltd, Stevenage BioScience Catalyst, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nadia Garman
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Brentford, UK
| | - Maria Costa
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Brentford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Toby M Maher
- NIHR Respiratory Clinical Research Facility, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
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Lin S, Jin J, Liu Y, Tian H, Zhang Y, Fu R, Zhang J, Wang M, Du T, Ji M, Wu D, Zhang K, Sheng L, Li Y, Chen X, Xu H. Discovery of 4-Methylquinazoline Based PI3K Inhibitors for the Potential Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8873-8879. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Coentro JQ, Pugliese E, Hanley G, Raghunath M, Zeugolis DI. Current and upcoming therapies to modulate skin scarring and fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:37-59. [PMID: 30172924 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Being the interface between the body and the outer environment, makes it susceptible to physical injury. To maintain life, nature has endowed skin with a fast healing response that invariably ends in the formation of scar at the wounded dermal area. In many cases, skin remodelling may be impaired, leading to local hypertrophic scars or keloids. One should also consider that the scarring process is part of the wound healing response, which always starts with inflammation. Thus, scarring can also be induced in the dermis, in the absence of an actual wound, during chronic inflammatory processes. Considering the significant portion of the population that is subject to abnormal scarring, this review critically discusses the state-of-the-art and upcoming therapies in skin scarring and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Q Coentro
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Eugenia Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Geoffrey Hanley
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Center for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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10
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Ballester B, Milara J, Cortijo J. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Molecular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030593. [PMID: 30704051 PMCID: PMC6387034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pulmonary disease with a median survival of 2–4 years after diagnosis. A significant number of IPF patients have risk factors, such as a history of smoking or concomitant emphysema, both of which can predispose the patient to lung cancer (LC) (mostly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)). In fact, IPF itself increases the risk of LC development by 7% to 20%. In this regard, there are multiple common genetic, molecular, and cellular processes that connect lung fibrosis with LC, such as myofibroblast/mesenchymal transition, myofibroblast activation and uncontrolled proliferation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, alterations of growth factors expression, oxidative stress, and large genetic and epigenetic variations that can predispose the patient to develop IPF and LC. The current approved IPF therapies, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are also active in LC. In fact, nintedanib is approved as a second line treatment in NSCLC, and pirfenidone has shown anti-neoplastic effects in preclinical studies. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on the mechanisms implicated in the development of LC in patients with IPF as well as in current IPF and LC-IPF candidate therapies based on novel molecular advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ballester
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Milara
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Valencia, Spain.
- Pharmacy Unit, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Valencia, Spain.
- Research and teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain.
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Histamine and diabetic nephropathy: an up-to-date overview. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:41-54. [PMID: 30606813 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The classification of diabetic nephropathy (DN) as a vascular complication of diabetes makes the possible involvement of histamine, an endogenous amine that is well known for its vasoactive properties, an interesting topic for study. The aim of the present review is to provide an extensive overview of the possible involvement of histamine in the onset and progression of DN. The evidence collected on the role of histamine in kidney function together with its well-known pleiotropic action suggest that this amine may act simultaneously on glomerular hyperfiltration, tubular inflammation, fibrosis development and tubular hypertrophy.
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SIS3, a specific inhibitor of smad3, attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:757-762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Fois AG, Paliogiannis P, Sotgia S, Mangoni AA, Zinellu E, Pirina P, Carru C, Zinellu A. Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and therapeutic applications: a systematic review. Respir Res 2018; 19:51. [PMID: 29587761 PMCID: PMC5872514 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a fatal lung disease of unknown origin, is characterized by chronic and progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia which progressively impairs lung function. Oxidative stress is one of the main pathogenic pathways in IPF. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the type of markers of oxidative stress identified in different biological specimens and the effects of antioxidant therapies in patients with IPF. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of publications listed in electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar) from inception to October 2017. Two investigators independently reviewed all identified articles to determine eligibility. RESULTS After a substantial proportion of the initially identified articles (n = 554) was excluded because they were duplicates, abstracts, irrelevant, or did not meet the selection criteria, we identified 30 studies. In each study, we critically appraised the type, site (systemic vs. local, e.g. breath, sputum, expired breath condensate, epithelial lining fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung tissue specimens), and method used for measuring the identified oxidative stress biomarkers. Furthermore, the current knowledge on antioxidant therapies in IPF was summarized. CONCLUSIONS A number of markers of oxidative stress, with individual advantages and limitations, have been described in patients with IPF. Nevertheless, trials of antioxidant treatments have been unable to demonstrate consistent benefits, barring recent pharmacogenomics data suggesting different results in specific genotype subgroups of patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro G Fois
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. .,Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elisabetta Zinellu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | - Pietro Pirina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Tian SL, Yang Y, Liu XL, Xu QB. Emodin Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Activities in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1-10. [PMID: 29290631 PMCID: PMC5759514 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can severely damage lung function, which may result in death. Emodin is a major ingredient of rhubarb and has been proven to protect against lung disruptions. Our study focused on the potential medicinal effect of emodin against IPF. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment subjects were fully-grown male Sprague-Dawley rats with average weight of 180-220 kg. Histological analyses, Western blotting analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, and statistical analysis were used in the study. RESULTS We found that emodin significantly reduced lung structural distortion, collagen overproduction, massive inflammatory cells infiltration, proinflammatory cytokines expansion, and injuries caused by administration of bleomycin (BLM). Additionally, emodin suppressed the accumulation of p-IκBα and NF-κB, while stimulating the Nrf2-antioxidant signaling process in damaged lungs. Emodin inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by BLM in the lungs. Moreover, emodin suppressed the TGF-β1 expression and the downstream signal molecules p-Smad-2 and p-Smad-3, which are reinforced by BLM. Emodin can also reverse EMT-like shifts induced by recombinant TGF-β1 in alveolar epithelial cultured cells. CONCLUSIONS The effect of emodin in fibrotic lung injury is closely related to its favorable properties of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Lan Tian
- The Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Yang
- Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Liu Liu
- Medical School, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Qing-Bang Xu
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Huang X, Wang W, Yuan H, Sun J, Li L, Wu X, Luo J, Gu Y. Sunitinib, a Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitor, Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 239:251-61. [PMID: 27439438 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.239.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and ultimately fatal disease, characterized by excessive accumulation of fibroblasts, extensive deposition of extracellular matrix, and destruction of alveolar architecture. IPF is associated with an epithelial-dependent fibroblast-activated process, termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, there is still a lack of strategies to target EMT for the treatment of IPF. Sunitinib, a small-molecule multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, targets multiple kinases that may play an important role in developing pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of sunitinib using a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Mice received intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM). Then, the mice were intragastrically administrated with sunitinib or normal saline until the end of the experiment. Distinguished destruction of pulmonary architecture, conspicuous proliferation of fibroblasts and extensive deposition of collagen fibers were found in BLM mice. Sunitinib attenuated the pulmonary fibrosis and inhibited the accumulation of fibroblasts in the lung of BLM mice. To investigate if the inhibition of fibroblast accumulation in the lung by sunitinib was associated with EMT, we used human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEs) and W138 human lung fibroblasts. Sunitinib suppressed the degree of EMT induced by TGF-β, a profibrotic factor, in HBEs and the proliferation of WI38 fibroblasts. Moreover, sunitinib reduced the degree of phosphorylation of serine residues on Smad2/3 that was induced by TGF-β in HBEs. As EMT and accumulation of fibroblasts are critical for the development of pulmonary fibrosis, targeting multiple pro-fibrosis signaling pathways with sunitinib may be a novel strategy to treat pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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Liu YM, Nepali K, Liou JP. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Current Status, Recent Progress, and Emerging Targets. J Med Chem 2016; 60:527-553. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College
of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College
of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College
of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Hu J, Shang D, Xu X, He X, Ni X, Zhang M, Wang Z, Qiu C, Deng S, Lu H, Zhu X, Huang W, Wen Y. Effect of grapefruit juice and food on the pharmacokinetics of pirfenidone in healthy Chinese volunteers: a diet-drug interaction study. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:516-21. [PMID: 26407124 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1089365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
1. Ingestion of grapefruit juice and food could be factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of pirfenidone, a promising drug for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. 2. A randomized, open-label, three-period crossover study was carried out in 12 healthy Chinese male volunteers who were randomized to one of the three treatments: pirfenidone tablets (0.4 g) were orally administered to fasted or fed subjects, or with grapefruit juice. The washout period was 7 d. 3. Significantly reduced maximum plasma concentration (Cmax, 5.0 5 ± 1.39 versus 10.9 0 ± 2.94 mg·L(- 1)), modestly affected area-under-the-plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to 12 h post dosing (AUC0-12 h, 21.8 9 ± 6.47 versus 26.1 6 ± 7.32 mg·h·L(- 1)) and delayed time to reach Cmax (Tmax) were observed in fed group compared with fasted group. Similar effects on Cmax (5.8 2 ± 1.23 versus 10.9 0 ± 2.94 mg·L(- 1)) and AUC0-12 h (modest but not statistically significant, 24.4 4 ± 7.40 versus 26.1 6 ± 7.32 mg·h·L(- 1)) were observed for grapefruit juice compared to fasted subjects. 4. Co-administration of pirfenidone with grapefruit juice resulted in modestly reduced overall oral absorption and significantly reduced peak concentrations compared to fasting, which was similar to effect of food ingestion. No adverse events were observed in the study, but relatively dramatic reduction of peak concentrations should raise concerns for clinical efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqing Hu
- a Institution of National Drug Clinical Trials, Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) , Guangzhou , China
| | - Dewei Shang
- a Institution of National Drug Clinical Trials, Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xinwen Xu
- b Ebang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Zhuhai , China , and
| | - Xiuling He
- a Institution of National Drug Clinical Trials, Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) , Guangzhou , China .,c Department of Pharmacy , Xinhui People's Hospital of Jiangmen , Jiangmen , China
| | - Xiaojia Ni
- a Institution of National Drug Clinical Trials, Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ming Zhang
- a Institution of National Drug Clinical Trials, Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhanzhang Wang
- a Institution of National Drug Clinical Trials, Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chang Qiu
- a Institution of National Drug Clinical Trials, Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shuhua Deng
- a Institution of National Drug Clinical Trials, Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) , Guangzhou , China
| | - Haoyang Lu
- a Institution of National Drug Clinical Trials, Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiuqing Zhu
- a Institution of National Drug Clinical Trials, Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wencan Huang
- a Institution of National Drug Clinical Trials, Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yuguan Wen
- a Institution of National Drug Clinical Trials, Guangzhou Brain Hospital (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) , Guangzhou , China
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Manresa MC, Godson C, Taylor CT. Hypoxia-sensitive pathways in inflammation-driven fibrosis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1369-80. [PMID: 25298511 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00349.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury can occur for a variety of reasons, including physical damage, infection, and ischemia. The ability of tissues to effectively recover from injury is a cornerstone of human health. The healing response in tissues is conserved across organs and typically involves distinct but overlapping inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation/resolution phases. If the inflammatory phase is not successfully controlled and appropriately resolved, an excessive healing response characterized by scar formation can lead to tissue fibrosis, a major clinical complication in disorders such as Crohn's disease (CD). As a result of enhanced metabolic and inflammatory processes during chronic inflammation, profound changes in tissue oxygen levels occur leading to localized tissue hypoxia. Therefore, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypoxia are coincidental events during inflammation-driven fibrosis. Our current understanding of the mechanism(s) underpinning fibrosis is limited as are the therapeutic options available. In this review, we discuss what is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning inflammation-driven fibrosis and how hypoxia may play a role in shaping this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C Manresa
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Agarwal SK. Integrins and cadherins as therapeutic targets in fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:131. [PMID: 24917820 PMCID: PMC4042084 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins into tissues leading to scar formation, disruption of normal tissue architecture and organ failure. Despite the large clinical impact of fibrosis, treatment options are limited. Adhesion molecules, in particular αvβ6 and α3β1 integrins and cadherin-11, have been demonstrated to be important mediators of tissue fibrosis. These data are reviewed here and provide the foundation for these molecules to be potential therapeutic targets for patients with fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Agarwal
- Section of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
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