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Freitas CS, Pereira IAG, Lage DP, Vale DL, Pimenta BL, Soares NP, Santiago SS, Martins VT, Câmara RSB, Jesus MM, Tavares GSV, Ramos FF, Ludolf F, Magalhães LND, Oliveira FM, Duarte MC, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Costa AV, Roatt BM, Teixeira RR, Coelho EAF. New synthetic molecules incorporated into polymeric micelles used for treatment against visceral leishmaniasis. Cytokine 2024; 177:156543. [PMID: 38373365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Treatment against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) presents problems, mainly related to drug toxicity, high cost and/or by emergence of resistant strains. In the present study, two vanillin synthetic derivatives, 3 s [4-(2-hydroxy-3-(4-octyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propoxy)-3-methoxybenzaldehyde] and 3 t [4-(3-(4-decyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3-methoxybenzaldehyde], were evaluated as therapeutic candidates in a murine model against Leishmania infantum infection. Molecules were used pure (3 s and 3 t) or incorporated into Poloxamer 407-based micelles (3 s/M and 3 t/M) in the infected animals, which also received amphotericin B (AmpB) or Ambisome® as control. Results showed that 3 s/M and 3 t/M compositions induced a Th1-type immune response in treated animals, with higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-12, nitrite, and IgG2a antibodies. Animals presented also low toxicity and significant reductions in the parasite load in their spleens, livers, bone marrows and draining lymph nodes, as compared as control groups mice, with the evaluations performed one and 30 days after the application of the therapeutics. In conclusion, preliminary data suggest that 3 s/M and 3 t/M could be considered for future studies as therapeutic agents against VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela A G Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danniele L Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno L Pimenta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nícia P Soares
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Insituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samira S Santiago
- Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs, S/N, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vívian T Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel S B Câmara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grasiele S V Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-110, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lícia N D Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabrício M Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação de Minas Gerais, Rua Afonso Sardinha, 90, Bairro Pioneiros, 36420-000 Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel A Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José S/N, Umacollo, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Adilson V Costa
- Departamento de Química e Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Roatt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Insituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Róbson R Teixeira
- Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs, S/N, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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2
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Berhe H, Kumar Cinthakunta Sridhar M, Zerihun M, Qvit N. The Potential Use of Peptides in the Fight against Chagas Disease and Leishmaniasis. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:227. [PMID: 38399281 PMCID: PMC10892537 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are both neglected tropical diseases that affect millions of people around the world. Leishmaniasis is currently the second most widespread vector-borne parasitic disease after malaria. The World Health Organization records approximately 0.7-1 million newly diagnosed leishmaniasis cases each year, resulting in approximately 20,000-30,000 deaths. Also, 25 million people worldwide are at risk of Chagas disease and an estimated 6 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, miltefosine, paromomycin, and pentamidine are currently used to treat leishmaniasis. Also, nifurtimox and benznidazole are two drugs currently used to treat Chagas disease. These drugs are associated with toxicity problems such as nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, in addition to resistance problems. As a result, the discovery of novel therapeutic agents has emerged as a top priority and a promising alternative. Overall, there is a need for new and effective treatments for Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, as the current drugs have significant limitations. Peptide-based drugs are attractive due to their high selectiveness, effectiveness, low toxicity, and ease of production. This paper reviews the potential use of peptides in the treatment of Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Several studies have demonstrated that peptides are effective against Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, suggesting their use in drug therapy for these diseases. Overall, peptides have the potential to be effective therapeutic agents against Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, but more research is needed to fully investigate their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nir Qvit
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (H.B.); (M.K.C.S.); (M.Z.)
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Gopu B, Kour P, Pandian R, Singh K. Insights into the drug screening approaches in leishmaniasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109591. [PMID: 36700771 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a tropically neglected disease, is responsible for the high mortality and morbidity ratio in poverty-stricken areas. Currently, no vaccine is available for the complete cure of the disease. Current chemotherapeutic regimens face the limitations of drug resistance and toxicity concerns indicating a great need to develop better chemotherapeutic leads that are orally administrable, potent, non-toxic, and cost-effective. The anti-leishmanial drug discovery process accelerated the desire for large-scale drug screening assays and high-throughput screening (HTS) technology to identify new chemo-types that can be used as potential drug molecules to control infection. Using the HTS approach, about one million compounds can be screened daily within the shortest possible time for biological activity using automation tools, miniaturized assay formats, and large-scale data analysis. Classical and modern in vitro screening assays have led to the progression of active compounds further to ex vivo and in vivo studies. In the present review, we emphasized on the HTS approaches employed in the leishmanial drug discovery program. Recent in vitro screening assays are widely explored to discover new chemical scaffolds. Developing appropriate experimental animal models and their related techniques is necessary to understand the pathophysiological processes and disease host responses, paving the way for unraveling novel therapies against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boobalan Gopu
- Animal House Facility, Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Parampreet Kour
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ramajayan Pandian
- Animal House Facility, Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Nettey H, Erskine IJ, Antwi Mensah A, Gyamera NKO, Obuobi CK, Kumadoh D, Asiedu-Gyekye IJ, Allotey-Babington GL. Oral amodiaquine microparticles repurposed for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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5
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Dirkx L, Hendrickx S, Merlot M, Bulté D, Starick M, Elst J, Bafica A, Ebo DG, Maes L, Van Weyenbergh J, Caljon G. Long-term hematopoietic stem cells as a parasite niche during treatment failure in visceral leishmaniasis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:626. [PMID: 35752645 PMCID: PMC9233693 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the discontinuation of various first-line drugs for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), large-scale in vivo drug screening, establishment of a relapse model in rodents, immunophenotyping, and transcriptomics were combined to study persistent infections and therapeutic failure. Double bioluminescent/fluorescent Leishmania infantum and L. donovani reporter lines enabled the identification of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) as a niche in the bone marrow with remarkably high parasite burdens, a feature confirmed for human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSPC). LT-HSC are more tolerant to antileishmanial drug action and serve as source of relapse. A unique transcriptional ’StemLeish’ signature in these cells was defined by upregulated TNF/NF-κB and RGS1/TGF-β/SMAD/SKIL signaling, and a downregulated oxidative burst. Cross-species analyses demonstrated significant overlap with human VL and HIV co-infected blood transcriptomes. In summary, the identification of LT-HSC as a drug- and oxidative stress-resistant niche, undergoing a conserved transcriptional reprogramming underlying Leishmania persistence and treatment failure, may open therapeutic avenues for leishmaniasis. Long-term hematopoietic stem cells may act as protective niches for the Leishmania parasite, potentially contributing to treatment failure in cases of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dirkx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margot Merlot
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Bulté
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marick Starick
- Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute of Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Jessy Elst
- Department of Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - André Bafica
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Department of Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute of Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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6
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Silveira GO, Coelho HS, Amaral MS, Verjovski-Almeida S. Long non-coding RNAs as possible therapeutic targets in protozoa, and in Schistosoma and other helminths. Parasitol Res 2021; 121:1091-1115. [PMID: 34859292 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerged in the past 20 years due to massive amounts of scientific data regarding transcriptomic analyses. They have been implicated in a plethora of cellular processes in higher eukaryotes. However, little is known about lncRNA possible involvement in parasitic diseases, with most studies only detecting their presence in parasites of human medical importance. Here, we review the progress on lncRNA studies and their functions in protozoans and helminths. In addition, we show an example of knockdown of one lncRNA in Schistosoma mansoni, SmLINC156349, which led to in vitro parasite adhesion, motility, and pairing impairment, with a 20% decrease in parasite viability and 33% reduction in female oviposition. Other observed phenotypes were a decrease in the proliferation rate of both male and female worms and their gonads, and reduced female lipid and vitelline droplets that are markers for well-developed vitellaria. Impairment of female worms' vitellaria in SmLINC156349-silenced worms led to egg development deficiency. All those results demonstrate the great potential of the tools and methods to characterize lncRNAs as potential new therapeutic targets. Further, we discuss the challenges and limitations of current methods for studying lncRNAs in parasites and possible solutions to overcome them, and we highlight the future directions of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert O Silveira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Helena S Coelho
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Murilo S Amaral
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Verjovski-Almeida
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
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da Gama ANS, Soeiro MNC. Quinoline-based Compounds as Key Candidates to Tackle Drug Discovery Programs of Microbicidal Agents. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1757-1762. [PMID: 33023440 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201006125644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quinolines are heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, ubiquitous in nature and largely used as a structural component of dyes, solvent for resins, terpenes as well as during the production of several other chemical stuffs, including pesticides. Quinolines, such as quinine and chloroquine, exhibit various pharmacological properties, acting as antimalarial drugs, antiparasitic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticancer agents, besides being in clinical use for autoimmune diseases. A brief review has been presented regarding the biological effect and clinical use of quinolines and derivatives upon three trypanosomatids agents of important neglected tropical diseases; Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei spp and Leishmania spp, which trigger Chagas disease, sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis, respectively, also extending to a glance update of their potential application towards other microbes relevant for emerging illness caused by fungi, bacteria and virus, including the pandemic Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline N Silva da Gama
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria N C Soeiro
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Morais PAB, Francisco CS, de Paula H, Ribeiro R, Eloy MA, Javarini CL, Neto ÁC, Júnior VL. Semisynthetic Triazoles as an Approach in the Discovery of Novel Lead Compounds. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210126100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Historically, medicinal chemistry has been concerned with the approach of organic
chemistry for new drug synthesis. Considering the fruitful collections of new molecular entities,
the dedicated efforts for medicinal chemistry are rewarding. Planning and search for new
and applicable pharmacologic therapies involve the altruistic nature of the scientists. Since
the 19th century, notoriously applying isolated and characterized plant-derived compounds in
modern drug discovery and various stages of clinical development highlight its viability and
significance. Natural products influence a broad range of biological processes, covering transcription,
translation, and post-translational modification, being effective modulators of most
basic cellular processes. The research of new chemical entities through “click chemistry”
continuously opens up a map for the remarkable exploration of chemical space towards leading
natural products optimization by structure-activity relationship. Finally, in this review, we expect to gather a
broad knowledge involving triazolic natural product derivatives, synthetic routes, structures, and their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alves Bezerra Morais
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Naturais e da Saude, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Carla Santana Francisco
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Heberth de Paula
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Naturais e da Saude, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Ribeiro
- Programa de Pos- Graduacao em Agroquimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Mariana Alves Eloy
- Programa de Pos- Graduacao em Agroquimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Clara Lirian Javarini
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Cunha Neto
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda Júnior
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Caridha D, Sciotti RJ, Sousa J, Vesely B, Teshome T, Bonkoungou G, Vuong C, Leed S, Khraiwesh M, Penn E, Kreishman-Deitrick M, Lee P, Pybus B, Lazo JS, Sharlow ER. Combination of Subtherapeutic Doses of Tretazicar and Liposomal Amphotericin B Suppresses and Cures Leishmania major-Induced Cutaneous Lesions in Murine Models. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:506-517. [PMID: 33529014 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis affecting human populations, yet CL remains largely ignored in drug discovery programs. CL causes disfiguring skin lesions and often relapses after "clinical cure" using existing therapeutics. To expand the pool of anti-CL lead candidates, we implemented an integrated screening platform comprising three progressive Leishmania parasite life cycle forms. We identified tretazicar (CB1954, 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide) as a potent inhibitor of Leishmania parasite viability across multiple Leishmania species, which translated into complete and prolonged in vivo suppression of CL lesion formation in BALB/c mice when used as a monotherapy and which was superior to liposomal amphotericin B. In addition, oral twice a day administration of tretazicar healed the majority of existing Leishmania major (L. major) cutaneous lesions. In drug combination studies, there was a strong potentiation when subtherapeutic doses of liposomal amphotericin B and tretazicar were simultaneously administered. This drug combination decreased L. major lesion size in mice earlier than individual monotherapy drug treatments and maintained all animals lesion free for up to 64 days after treatment cessation. In contrast, administration of subtherapeutic doses of tretazicar or amphotericin B as monotherapies resulted in no or partial lesion cures, respectively. We propose that tretazicar should be explored as a component of a systemic CL combination therapy and potentially for other diseases where amphotericin B is a first line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Caridha
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Richard J. Sciotti
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Jason Sousa
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Brian Vesely
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Tesfaye Teshome
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Gustave Bonkoungou
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Chau Vuong
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Susan Leed
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Mozna Khraiwesh
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Erica Penn
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Mara Kreishman-Deitrick
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Patricia Lee
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Brandon Pybus
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - John S. Lazo
- University of Virginia, Department of Pharmacology, 409 Lane Road, MR4, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Sharlow
- University of Virginia, Department of Pharmacology, 409 Lane Road, MR4, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
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Mukherjee D, Yousuf M, Dey S, Chakraborty S, Chaudhuri A, Kumar V, Sarkar B, Nath S, Hussain A, Dutta A, Mishra T, Roy BG, Singh S, Chakraborty S, Adhikari S, Pal C. Targeting the Trypanothione Reductase of Tissue-Residing Leishmania in Hosts’ Reticuloendothelial System: A Flexible Water-Soluble Ferrocenylquinoline-Based Preclinical Drug Candidate. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15621-15638. [PMID: 33296601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Mukherjee
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Pin-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Yousuf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, Pin-700009 West Bengal, India
| | - Somaditya Dey
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Pin-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Sondipon Chakraborty
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Pin-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankur Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Pin-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Pin-160062 Punjab, India
| | - Biswajyoti Sarkar
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Pin-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Supriya Nath
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Pin-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Aabid Hussain
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Pin-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Aritri Dutta
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Pin-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanushree Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, Pin-700009 West Bengal, India
| | - Biswajit Gopal Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Sikkim University,Tadong, Pin-737102 Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Sushma Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Pin-160062 Punjab, India
| | - Sibani Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Pin-700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Susanta Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, Pin-700009 West Bengal, India
| | - Chiranjib Pal
- Cellular Immunology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Pin-700126, West Bengal, India
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Digitoxigenin presents an effective and selective antileishmanial action against Leishmania infantum and is a potential therapeutic agent for visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:321-335. [PMID: 33191446 PMCID: PMC7667010 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is hampered mainly by drug toxicity, their high cost, and parasite resistance. Drug development is a long and pricey process, and therefore, drug repositioning may be an alternative worth pursuing. Cardenolides are used to treat cardiac diseases, especially those obtained from Digitalis species. In the present study, cardenolide digitoxigenin (DIGI) obtained from a methanolic extract of Digitalis lanata leaves was tested for its antileishmanial activity against Leishmania infantum species. Results showed that 50% Leishmania and murine macrophage inhibitory concentrations (IC50 and CC50, respectively) were of 6.9 ± 1.5 and 295.3 ± 14.5 μg/mL, respectively. With amphotericin B (AmpB) deoxycholate, used as a control drug, values of 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.79 ± 0.12 μg/mL, respectively, were observed. Selectivity index (SI) values were of 42.8 and 6.1 for DIGI and AmpB, respectively. Preliminary studies suggested that the mechanism of action for DIGI is to cause alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential, to increase the levels of reactive oxygen species and induce accumulation of lipid bodies in the parasites. DIGI was incorporated into Pluronic® F127-based polymeric micelles, and the formula (DIGI/Mic) was used to treat L. infantum–infected mice. Miltefosine was used as a control drug. Results showed that animals treated with either miltefosine, DIGI, or DIGI/Mic presented significant reductions in the parasite load in their spleens, livers, bone marrows, and draining lymph nodes, as well as the development of a specific Th1-type response, when compared with the controls. Results obtained 1 day after treatment were corroborated with data corresponding to 15 days after therapy. Importantly, treatment with DIGI/Mic induced better parasitological and immunological responses when compared with miltefosine- and DIGI-treated mice. In conclusion, DIGI/Mic has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent to protect against L. infantum infection, and it is therefore worth of consideration in future studies addressing VL treatment.
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Illa O, Olivares JA, Gaztelumendi N, Martínez-Castro L, Ospina J, Abengozar MÁ, Sciortino G, Maréchal JD, Nogués C, Royo M, Rivas L, Ortuño RM. Chiral Cyclobutane-Containing Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Selective Vectors for Anti- Leishmania Drug Delivery Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7502. [PMID: 33053805 PMCID: PMC7590151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two series of new hybrid γ/γ-peptides, γ-CC and γ-CT, formed by (1S,2R)-3-amino-2,2,dimethylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid joined in alternation to a Nα-functionalized cis- or trans-γ-amino-l-proline derivative, respectively, have been synthesized and evaluated as cell penetrating peptides (CPP) and as selective vectors for anti-Leishmania drug delivery systems (DDS). They lacked cytotoxicity on the tumoral human cell line HeLa with a moderate cell-uptake on these cells. In contrast, both γ-CC and γ-CT tetradecamers were microbicidal on the protozoan parasite Leishmania beyond 25 μM, with significant intracellular accumulation. They were conjugated to fluorescent doxorubicin (Dox) as a standard drug showing toxicity beyond 1 μM, while free Dox was not toxic. Intracellular accumulation was 2.5 higher than with Dox-TAT conjugate (TAT = transactivator of transcription, taken as a standard CPP). The conformational structure of the conjugates was approached both by circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Altogether, computational calculations predict that the drug-γ-peptide conjugates adopt conformations that bury the Dox moiety into a cavity of the folded peptide, while the positively charged guanidinium groups face the solvent. The favorable charge/hydrophobicity balance in these CPP improves the solubility of Dox in aqueous media, as well as translocation across cell membranes, making them promising candidates for DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ona Illa
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (O.I.); (J.-A.O.); (L.M.-C.); (J.O.); (G.S.); (J.-D.M.)
| | - José-Antonio Olivares
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (O.I.); (J.-A.O.); (L.M.-C.); (J.O.); (G.S.); (J.-D.M.)
| | - Nerea Gaztelumendi
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
| | - Laura Martínez-Castro
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (O.I.); (J.-A.O.); (L.M.-C.); (J.O.); (G.S.); (J.-D.M.)
| | - Jimena Ospina
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (O.I.); (J.-A.O.); (L.M.-C.); (J.O.); (G.S.); (J.-D.M.)
| | - María-Ángeles Abengozar
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, c/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (O.I.); (J.-A.O.); (L.M.-C.); (J.O.); (G.S.); (J.-D.M.)
| | - Jean-Didier Maréchal
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (O.I.); (J.-A.O.); (L.M.-C.); (J.O.); (G.S.); (J.-D.M.)
| | - Carme Nogués
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
| | - Míriam Royo
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona, 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), c/Jordi Girona, 18–26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Rivas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, c/Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Ortuño
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (O.I.); (J.-A.O.); (L.M.-C.); (J.O.); (G.S.); (J.-D.M.)
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Queiroz CM, de Oliveira Filho GB, Espíndola JWP, do Nascimento AV, Aliança ASDS, de Lorena VMB, Feitosa APS, da Silva PR, Alves LC, Leite ACL, Brayner FA. Thiosemicarbazone and thiazole: in vitro evaluation of leishmanicidal and ultrastructural activity on Leishmania infantum. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Efficient antileishmanial activity of amphotericin B and piperine entrapped in enteric coated guar gum nanoparticles. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:118-130. [PMID: 32016707 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) exhibits potential antileishmanial activity, with only a little rate of recurrence. However, low bioavailability and severe nephrotoxicity are among the major shortcomings of AmB-based therapy. Various AmB nanoformulations have been developed, which to an extent, have reduced its toxicity and increased the drug efficacy. To further reduce the nonspecific tissue distribution and the cost of the treatment, the current AmB-based formulations require additional improvements. Combination of natural bioenhancers with AmB is expected to further increase its bioavailability. Therefore, we developed a nanoformulation of AmB and piperine (Pip), a plant alkaloid, known to enhance the bioavailability of various drugs, by entrapping them in guar gum, a macrophage targeting polymer. Owing to the ease of oral delivery, these nanoparticles (NPs) were coated with eudragit to make them suitable for oral administration. The formulated eudragit-coated AmB and Pip-loaded NPs (Eu-HDGG-AmB-Pip-NPs) exhibited controlled release of the loaded therapeutic agents and protected the drug from acidic pH. These NPs exhibited effective suppression of growth of both promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania donovani parasite under in vitro. In vivo evaluation of these NPs for therapeutic efficacy in golden hamster-L. donovani model demonstrated enhanced drug bioavailability, non-nephrotoxic nature, and potential antileishmanial activity with up to 96% inhibition of the parasite. Graphical abstract.
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Bruno de Sousa C, Lago JHG, Macridachis J, Oliveira M, Brito L, Vizetto-Duarte C, Florindo C, Hendrickx S, Maes L, Morais T, Uemi M, Neto L, Dionísio L, Cortes S, Barreira L, Custódio L, Alberício F, Campino L, Varela J. Report of in vitro antileishmanial properties of Iberian macroalgae. Nat Prod Res 2019; 33:1778-1782. [PMID: 29424240 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1434637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Here is reported the anti Leishmania infantum activity of 48 hexane, CH2Cl2 and MeOH extracts from 16 macroalgae collected on the Iberian Coast. Seven hexane and CH2Cl2 Cystoseira baccata, Cystoseira barbata, Cystoseira tamariscifolia, Cystoseira usneoides, Dictyota spiralis and Plocamium cartilagineum extracts were active towards promastigotes (IC50 29.8-101.8 μg/mL) inducing strong morphological alterations in the parasites. Hexane extracts of C. baccata and C. barbata were also active against intracellular amastigotes (IC50 5.1 and 6.8 μg/mL, respectively). Fatty acids, triacylglycerols, carotenoids, steroids and meroterpenoids were detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gas chromatography in the Cystoseira extracts. These results suggest that Cystoseira macroalgae contain compounds with antileishmanial activity, which could be explored as scaffolds to the development of novel sources of antiparasitic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- b Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Jorge Macridachis
- a Centre of Marine Sciences , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- a Centre of Marine Sciences , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
- c Global Health and Tropical Medicine Centre , Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Luis Brito
- a Centre of Marine Sciences , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | | | - Cláudia Florindo
- d Programa de Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina , UAlg , Faro , Portugal
- e Centro de Investigação Biomédica , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- f Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences , Antwerp University , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- f Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences , Antwerp University , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Thiago Morais
- b Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Miriam Uemi
- b Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luís Neto
- g Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Lídia Dionísio
- g Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Sofia Cortes
- c Global Health and Tropical Medicine Centre , Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Luísa Barreira
- a Centre of Marine Sciences , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- a Centre of Marine Sciences , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
| | - Fernando Alberício
- h Institute for Research in Biomedicine , Barcelona Science Park , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Lenea Campino
- c Global Health and Tropical Medicine Centre , Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - João Varela
- a Centre of Marine Sciences , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal
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Chakravarty J, Sundar S. Current and emerging medications for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1251-1265. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1609940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Chakravarty
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Menna-Barreto RFS. Cell death pathways in pathogenic trypanosomatids: lessons of (over)kill. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:93. [PMID: 30700697 PMCID: PMC6353990 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Especially in tropical and developing countries, the clinically relevant protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease), Trypanosoma brucei (sleeping sickness) and Leishmania species (leishmaniasis) stand out and infect millions of people worldwide leading to critical social-economic implications. Low-income populations are mainly affected by these three illnesses that are neglected by the pharmaceutical industry. Current anti-trypanosomatid drugs present variable efficacy with remarkable side effects that almost lead to treatment discontinuation, justifying a continuous search for alternative compounds that interfere with essential and specific parasite pathways. In this scenario, the triggering of trypanosomatid cell death machinery emerges as a promising approach, although the exact mechanisms involved in unicellular eukaryotes are still unclear as well as the controversial biological importance of programmed cell death (PCD). In this review, the mechanisms of autophagy, apoptosis-like cell death and necrosis found in pathogenic trypanosomatids are discussed, as well as their roles in successful infection. Based on the published genomic and proteomic maps, the panel of trypanosomatid cell death molecules was constructed under different experimental conditions. The lack of PCD molecular regulators and executioners in these parasites up to now has led to cell death being classified as an unregulated process or incidental necrosis, despite all morphological evidence published. In this context, the participation of metacaspases in PCD was also not described, and these proteases play a crucial role in proliferation and differentiation processes. On the other hand, autophagic phenotype has been described in trypanosomatids under a great variety of stress conditions (drugs, starvation, among others) suggesting that this process is involved in the turnover of damaged structures in the protozoa and is not a cell death pathway. Death mechanisms of pathogenic trypanosomatids may be involved in pathogenesis, and the identification of parasite-specific regulators could represent a rational and attractive alternative target for drug development for these neglected diseases.
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Sundar S, Chakravarty J, Meena LP. Leishmaniasis: treatment, drug resistance and emerging therapies. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1552853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jaya Chakravarty
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lalit P Meena
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Pinto EG, Tempone AG. Activity of the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone against Leishmania ( L.) infantum: an in vitro and in vivo approach. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:29. [PMID: 30386379 PMCID: PMC6203271 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the high toxicity and limited therapies available for treating visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the drug repositioning approach represents a faster way to deliver new therapies to the market. Methods In this study, we described for the first time the activity of a potent antiarrhythmic, amiodarone (AMD), against L. (L.) infantum and its in vitro and in vivo activity. Results The evaluation against promastigotes has shown that amiodarone presents leishmanicidal effect against the extracellular form, with an IC50 value of 10 μM. The activity was even greater against amastigotes in comparison with promastigotes with an IC50 value of 0.5 μM. The selectivity index in relation to the intracellular form demonstrated that the antiparasitic activity was approximately 56 times higher than its toxicity to mammalian cells. Investigation of the in vivo AMD activity in the L. infantum-infected hamster model showed that 51 days after the initial infection, amiodarone was unable to reduce the parasite burden in the spleen and liver when treated for 10 consecutive days, intraperitoneally, at 50 mg/kg/day, as determined by qPCR. Although not statistically significant, AMD was able to reduce the parasite burden by 20% in the liver when treated for 10 consecutive days, orally, at 100 mg/kg/day; no reduction in the spleen was found by qPCR. Conclusions Our findings may help further drug design studies seeking new AMD derivatives that may provide new candidates with an in vitro selectivity close to or even greater than that observed in the prototype delivering effectiveness in the experimental model of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika G Pinto
- 1Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andre G Tempone
- 2Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, 8°, Andar. Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-902 Brazil
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Abstract
Even after 70 years, pentavalent antimonials sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate remain the most important and cost-effective antileishmanial drugs. However, the drugs cannot be delivered orally and treatment involves intravascular or intramuscular injections for 28 days under strict medical monitoring due to the toxicity of Sb(III). The main alternatives, amphotericin B, pentamidine and miltefosine, are expensive and not without their own problems. Bismuth sits below antimony in the periodic table and is considered to be relatively nontoxic to humans while being capable of providing powerful antimicrobial activity. This review describes recent efforts into developing antileishmanial Bi(III) and Bi(V) drugs, which may resemble Sb analogs in effect and mode-of-action while providing lower mammalian cell toxicity and opportunities of oral delivery. Within the last 10 years, various studies concerning bismuth-based compounds as potential antileishmanial agents have been published. This review seeks to summarize the relevant studies and draw a conclusion as to whether bismuth complexes have the potential to be effective drugs.
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Abstract
Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), a neglected tropical disease, is very challenging with few treatment options. Long duration of treatment and drug toxicity further limit the target of achieving VL elimination. Chemotherapy remains the treatment of choice. Single dose of liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) and multidrug therapy (LAmB + miltefosine, LAmB + paromomycin (PM), or miltefosine + PM) are recommended treatment regimen for treatment of VL in Indian sub-continent. Combination therapy of pentavalent antimonials (Sbv) and PM in East Africa and LAmB in the Mediterranean region/South America remains the treatment of choice. Various drugs having anti-leishmania properties are in preclinical phase and need further development. An effective treatment and secondary prophylaxis of HIV-VL co-infection should be developed to decrease treatment failure and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Anup Singh
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
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Teixeira RR, Gazolla PAR, da Silva AM, Borsodi MPG, Bergmann BR, Ferreira RS, Vaz BG, Vasconcelos GA, Lima WP. Synthesis and leishmanicidal activity of eugenol derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole functionalities. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:274-286. [PMID: 29407957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, it is described the synthesis and the evaluation of the leishmanicidal activity of twenty-six eugenol derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole functionalities. The evaluation of the compounds on promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis (WHOM/BR/75/Josefa) showed that eugenol derivatives present leishmanicidal activities with varying degrees of effectiveness. The most active compound, namely 4-(3-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (7k) (IC50 = 7.4 ± 0.8 μmol L-1), also targeted Leishmania parasites inside peritoneal macrophages (IC50 = 1.6 μmol L-1) without interfering with cell viability. The cytotoxicity of 7k against macrophage cells presented IC50 of 211.9 μmol L-1 and the selective index was equal to 132.5. Under similar conditions, compound 7k was more effective than glucantime and pentamidine, two drugs currently in the clinic. In addition, theoretical calculations showed that this compound also presents most physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties within the ranges expected for orally available drugs. It is believed that eugenol bearing 1,2,3-triazole functionalities may represent a scaffold to be explored toward the development of new agents to treat leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Adalberto Manoel da Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Catarinense, Campus Araquari Rodovia BR 280, Km 27, Cx. Postal 21, Araquari, SC, 89245-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Gonçalves Borsodi
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I2-038, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bartira Rossi Bergmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I2-038, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, S/N, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, 74690-970, GO, Brazil
| | - Géssica Adriana Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, S/N, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, 74690-970, GO, Brazil
| | - Wallace Pacienza Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I2-038, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
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Synthesis, characterization, and antileishmanial activity of neutral N-heterocyclic carbenes gold(I) complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1635-1643. [PMID: 29133045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of five new mononuclear neutral gold(I) complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The X-ray structures of four complexes are presented. These gold(I) complexes together with four other neutral gold(I)-NHC complexes previously described were evaluated in vitro against Leishmania infantum promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. Moreover, their cytotoxicity was assessed on the murine macrophages J774A.1. Except one complex (10), eight gold(I)-NHC-Cl complexes show potent activity against the pathological relevant form of L. infantum amastigote with IC50 in the low micromolar and submicromolar range and five of them exhibit a SI close to 10. The lead-complex 11 displays a very high and selective activity (IC50 = 190 nM, SI = 40.29) and constitutes the best promising gold(I)-based drug of this series.
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Bruni N, Stella B, Giraudo L, Della Pepa C, Gastaldi D, Dosio F. Nanostructured delivery systems with improved leishmanicidal activity: a critical review. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5289-5311. [PMID: 28794624 PMCID: PMC5536235 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which are responsible for numerous clinical manifestations, such as cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, depending on the site of infection for particular species. These complexities threaten 350 million people in 98 countries worldwide. Amastigotes living within macrophage phagolysosomes are the principal target of antileishmanial treatment, but these are not an easy target as drugs must overcome major structural barriers. Furthermore, limitations on current therapy are related to efficacy, toxicity, and cost, as well as the length of treatment, which can increase parasitic resistance. Nanotechnology has emerged as an attractive alternative as conventional drugs delivered by nanosized carriers have improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity, together with other characteristics that help to relieve the burden of this disease. The significance of using colloidal carriers loaded with active agents derives from the physiological uptake route of intravenous administered nanosystems (the phagocyte system). Nanosystems are thus able to promote a high drug concentration in intracellular mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)-infected cells. Moreover, the versatility of nanometric drug delivery systems for the deliberate transport of a range of molecules plays a pivotal role in the design of therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis. This review discusses studies on nanocarriers that have greatly contributed to improving the efficacy of antileishmaniasis drugs, presenting a critical review and some suggestions for improving drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Stella
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Della Pepa
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Gastaldi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Dosio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Thompson AM, O'Connor PD, Marshall AJ, Yardley V, Maes L, Gupta S, Launay D, Braillard S, Chatelain E, Franzblau SG, Wan B, Wang Y, Ma Z, Cooper CB, Denny WA. 7-Substituted 2-Nitro-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazines: Novel Antitubercular Agents Lead to a New Preclinical Candidate for Visceral Leishmaniasis. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4212-4233. [PMID: 28459575 PMCID: PMC7722354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Within a backup program for the clinical investigational agent pretomanid (PA-824), scaffold hopping from delamanid inspired the discovery of a novel class of potent antitubercular agents that unexpectedly possessed notable utility against the kinetoplastid disease visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Following the identification of delamanid analogue DNDI-VL-2098 as a VL preclinical candidate, this structurally related 7-substituted 2-nitro-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine class was further explored, seeking efficacious backup compounds with improved solubility and safety. Commencing with a biphenyl lead, bioisosteres formed by replacing one phenyl by pyridine or pyrimidine showed improved solubility and potency, whereas more hydrophilic side chains reduced VL activity. In a Leishmania donovani mouse model, two racemic phenylpyridines (71 and 93) were superior, with the former providing >99% inhibition at 12.5 mg/kg (b.i.d., orally) in the Leishmania infantum hamster model. Overall, the 7R enantiomer of 71 (79) displayed more optimal efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety, leading to its selection as the preferred development candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Patrick D O'Connor
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Delphine Launay
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Zhenkun Ma
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development , 40 Wall Street, New York 10005, United States
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development , 40 Wall Street, New York 10005, United States
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Hefnawy A, Berg M, Dujardin JC, De Muylder G. Exploiting Knowledge on Leishmania Drug Resistance to Support the Quest for New Drugs. Trends Parasitol 2016; 33:162-174. [PMID: 27993477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
New drugs are needed to control leishmaniasis and efforts are currently on-going to counter the neglect of this disease. We discuss here the utility and the impact of associating drug resistance (DR) studies to drug discovery pipelines. We use as paradigm currently used drugs, antimonials and miltefosine, and complement our reflection by interviewing three experts in the field. We suggest DR studies to be involved at two different stages of drug development: (i) the efficiency of novel compounds should be confirmed on sets of strains including recent clinical isolates with DR; (ii) experimental DR should be generated to promising compounds at an early stage of their development, to further optimize them and monitor clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Hefnawy
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maya Berg
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Amat Sain A, Amanah A, Zahari Z, Mohd Salim RJ, Mansor SM, Adenan MI. (+)-Spectaline, a Piperidine Alkaloid from Senna spectabilis DC. Effective in Reducing the In Vitro Infection of Leishmania major. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Senna spectabilisis known to have antimicrobial, laxative, antiulcerogenic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties in folk medicine. Piperidine alkaloids extracted from various parts of this plant have been shown to have anticonvulsant (iso-6-spectaline), antinociceptive [(-)-spectaline] and lipid peroxidation [(+)-3-O-feruloylcassine, (-)-spectaline and (-)-3-O-acetylspectaline] activities. In our study, the ethyl acetate extract fromS. spectabilisexhibited antileishmanial activity via intracellular promastigote assay or leishmanicidal assay and was further fractionated by using bioassay-guided isolation approach. The antiprotozoal principle was isolated from the ethyl acetate portion through solvent fractionation and a few series of chromatographic processes. The isolated active compound 1 was identified as (+)-spectaline on the basis of its spectral analysis (MS, 1D & 2D NMR) with EC50value of 0.063 ± 0.005 µM for antileishmanial activity and selectivity index of 3.76.
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28
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Sundar S, Singh A. Recent developments and future prospects in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2016; 3:98-109. [PMID: 27536354 DOI: 10.1177/2049936116646063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited therapeutic options in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) make the treatment of this neglected disease very challenging. In addition to this, long treatment duration and toxic adverse effects make it even more difficult. With no effective vaccine available to date, treatment of VL is based only on chemotherapy. In the Indian subcontinent, a single dose of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) and multidrug therapy (L-AmB + miltefosine, L-AmB + paromomycin [PM], or miltefosine + PM) are the treatments of choice for VL. In East Africa, however, combination therapy of pentavalent antimonials (Sb(v)) and PM remains the treatment of choice, and in the Mediterranean region and South America, L-AmB is the recommended drug. Fexinidazole and PA-824 are new promising drugs which have shown encouraging results in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Anup Singh
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Pandey RK, Kumbhar BV, Srivastava S, Malik R, Sundar S, Kunwar A, Prajapati VK. Febrifugine analogues as Leishmania donovani trypanothione reductase inhibitors: binding energy analysis assisted by molecular docking, ADMET and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:141-158. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1135298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh 305817, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bajarang Vasant Kumbhar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubham Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh 305817, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh 305817, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ambarish Kunwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh 305817, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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Djakpa H, Kulkarni A, Barrows-Murphy S, Miller G, Zhou W, Cho H, Török B, Stieglitz K. Identifying New Drug Targets for Potent Phospholipase D Inhibitors: Combining Sequence Alignment, Molecular Docking, and Enzyme Activity/Binding Assays. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 87:714-29. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Djakpa
- STEM Biotechnology Division; Roxbury Community College; Roxbury MA USA
| | - Aditya Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston MA 02125 USA
| | | | - Greg Miller
- STEM Biotechnology Division; Roxbury Community College; Roxbury MA USA
| | - Weihong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston MA 02125 USA
| | - Hyejin Cho
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston MA 02125 USA
| | - Béla Török
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston MA 02125 USA
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31
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Singh PK, Sah P, Meher JG, Joshi S, Pawar VK, Raval K, Singh Y, Sharma K, Kumar A, Dube A, Chourasia MK. Macrophage-targeted chitosan anchored PLGA nanoparticles bearing doxorubicin and amphotericin B against visceral leishmaniasis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel chitosan-coated nanoparticles with a high payload of amphotericin B (AmB) and doxorubicin (Dox) were formulated employing a nanoprecipitation technique and evaluated for antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani.
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32
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Pereira WL, de Souza Vasconcellos R, Mariotini-Moura C, Saar Gomes R, Firmino RDC, da Silva AM, Silva Júnior A, Bressan GC, Almeida MR, Crocco Afonso LC, Teixeira RR, Lopes Rangel Fietto J. The Antileishmanial Potential of C-3 Functionalized Isobenzofuranones against Leishmania (Leishmania) Infantum Chagasi. Molecules 2015; 20:22435-44. [PMID: 26694330 PMCID: PMC6332184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Clinically, leishmaniases range from cutaneous to visceral forms, with estimated global incidences of 1.2 and 0.4 million cases per year, respectively. The treatment of these diseases relies on multiple parenteral injections with pentavalent antimonials or amphotericin B. However, these pharmaceuticals are either too toxic or expensive for routine use in developing countries. These facts call for safer, cheaper, and more effective new antileishmanial drugs. In this investigation, we describe the results of the assessment of the activities of a series of isobenzofuran-1(3H)-ones (phtalides) against Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi, which is the main causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World. The compounds were tested at concentrations of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 6.25 µM over 24, 48, and 72 h. After 48 h of treatment at the 100 µM concentration, compounds 7 and 8 decreased parasite viability to 4% and 6%, respectively. The concentration that gives half-maximal responses (LC50) for the antileishmanial activities of compounds 7 and 8 against promastigotes after 24 h were 60.48 and 65.93 µM, respectively. Additionally, compounds 7 and 8 significantly reduced parasite infection in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Luiz Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Raphael de Souza Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Química Medicinal em Doenças Infecciosas (INBEQMeDi), Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP, 13.560-970, Brazil.
| | - Christiane Mariotini-Moura
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Química Medicinal em Doenças Infecciosas (INBEQMeDi), Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP, 13.560-970, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Saar Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas-ICEB/NUPEB, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela de Cássia Firmino
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Química Medicinal em Doenças Infecciosas (INBEQMeDi), Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP, 13.560-970, Brazil.
| | - Adalberto Manoel da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Abelardo Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Rogéria Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Luís Carlos Crocco Afonso
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas-ICEB/NUPEB, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil.
| | - Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Química Medicinal em Doenças Infecciosas (INBEQMeDi), Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP, 13.560-970, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
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34
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Pandey RK, Sharma D, Bhatt TK, Sundar S, Prajapati VK. Developing imidazole analogues as potential inhibitor forLeishmania donovanitrypanothione reductase: virtual screening, molecular docking, dynamics and ADMET approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 33:2541-53. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1085904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Paloque L, Hemmert C, Valentin A, Gornitzka H. Synthesis, characterization, and antileishmanial activities of gold(I) complexes involving quinoline functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 94:22-9. [PMID: 25747497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of new mononuclear cationic or neutral gold(I) complexes containing quinoline functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene(s) (NHC(s)) were synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The X-ray structures of two key compounds are presented. Proligands and their corresponding gold(I) complexes together with previously described silver(I) and gold(I) bis(NHC-quinoline) and gold(I) bis(NHC-methylbipyridine) complexes were evaluated in vitro towards Leishmania infantum. In parallel, the in vitro cytotoxicity of these molecules was assessed on the murine macrophages J774A.1. All gold(I) compounds show potent antileishmanial activity against L. infantum promastigotes and three of them are also efficient against L. infantum intracellular amastigotes. Structure-activity and toxicity relationships enables to evidence a lead-compound (6) displaying both a high activity and a good selectivity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Paloque
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 152 Pharma-DEV, Université Toulouse 3, Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, 35 Chemin des maraîchers, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD, UMR 152 Pharma-DEV, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Hemmert
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Alexis Valentin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 152 Pharma-DEV, Université Toulouse 3, Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, 35 Chemin des maraîchers, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD, UMR 152 Pharma-DEV, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Heinz Gornitzka
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Zhu X, Van Horn KS, Barber MM, Yang S, Wang MZ, Manetsch R, Werbovetz KA. SAR refinement of antileishmanial N(2),N(4)-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamines. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5182-9. [PMID: 25749014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected parasitic disease that has a high fatality rate in the absence of treatment. New drugs that are inexpensive, orally active, and effective could be useful tools in the fight against this disease. We previously showed that N(2),N(4)-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamines displayed low- to sub-micromolar potency against intracellular Leishmania, and lead compound N(4)-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N(2)-isopropyl-7-methylquinazoline-2,4-diamine (4) exhibited modest efficacy in an acute murine model of visceral leishmaniasis. In the present work, thirty-one N(2),N(4)-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamines that had not previously been examined for their antileishmanial activity were evaluated for their potency and selectivity against Leishmania donovani, the causative parasite of visceral leishmaniasis. Quinazoline-2,4-diamines with aromatic substituents at both N(2) and N(4) exhibited potent in vitro antileishmanial activity but relatively low selectivity, while compounds substituted with small alkyl groups at either N(2) or N(4) generally showed lower antileishmanial potency but were less toxic to a murine macrophage cell line. Based on their in vitro antileishmanial potency, N(4)-benzyl-N(2)-(4-chlorobenzyl)quinazoline-2,4-diamine (15) and N(2)-benzyl-N(4)-isopropylquinazoline-2,4-diamine (40) were selected for in vivo evaluation of their pharmacokinetic and antileishmanial properties. While 15 displayed a longer plasma half-life and a greater area under the curve than 40, both compounds showed low efficacy in an acute murine visceral leishmaniasis model. Although the present study did not identify new quinazoline-2,4-diamines with promising in vivo efficacy, the reduced in vitro toxicity of derivatives bearing small alkyl groups at either N(2) or N(4) may provide clues for the design of safe and effective antileishmanial quinazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Kurt S Van Horn
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Megan M Barber
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Sihyung Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Michael Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Roman Manetsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Karl A Werbovetz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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